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Efficacy of endoscopic vacuum therapy in esophageal luminal defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Ishaan Vohra, Harishankar Gopakumar, Neil R. Sharma, Srinivas R. Puli
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Clin Endosc 2025;58(1):53-62. Published online October 10, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.282
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 Graphical Abstract
 Abstract
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 - Background
/Aims: Endoscopic vacuum-assisted closure (EVAC) is a novel technique used to repair esophageal perforation and leaks. Varying data have been reported on the overall success rate of EVAC. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of the available data on the clinical success rate of EVAC.
Methods
Electronic databases were searched for publications addressing the efficacy of EVAC in esophageal luminal defects. Pooling was conducted using both fixed and random-effects models. The overall clinical success of EVAC therapy was considered the primary outcome, whereas, overall complication rates, need for adjunct therapy, and mortality were considered secondary outcomes.
Results
In total, 366 patients were included in the study. On pooled analysis, the mean age was 66 years with 68.32% of patients being men. Overall pooled clinical success rate of EVAC therapy was 87.95%. Upon subgroup analysis, the pooled clinical success rate of postsurgical anastomotic leak and transmural esophageal perforation were found to be 86.57% and 88.89%, respectively. The all-cause hospital mortality was 14% and 4.2% in patients with esophageal perforation and EVAC, respectively.
Conclusions
This study demonstrates that EVAC therapy has a high overall clinical success rate, with low mortality. EVAC therapy seems to be a promising procedure with excellent outcomes in patients with luminal esophageal defects.
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Comparison of scissor-type knife to non-scissor-type knife for endoscopic submucosal dissection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Harishankar Gopakumar, Ishaan Vohra, Srinivas Reddy Puli, Neil R Sharma
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Clin Endosc 2024;57(1):36-47. Published online January 5, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.122
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Graphical Abstract
Abstract
PDFPubReaderePub
 - Background
/Aims: Scissor-type endoscopic submucosal dissection (ST-ESD) knives can reduce the adverse events associated with ESDs. This study aimed to compare ST-ESD and non-scissor-type (NST)-ESD knives.
Methods
We identified ten studies that compared the performance characteristics and safety profiles of ST-ESD and NST-ESD knives. Fixed- and random-effects models were used to calculate the pooled proportions. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test.
Results
On comparing ST-ESD knives to NST-ESD knives, the weighted odds of en bloc resection was 1.61 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90–2.90; p=0.14), R0 resection was 1.10 (95% CI, 0.71–1.71; p=0.73), delayed bleeding was 0.40 (95% CI, 0.17–0.90; p=0.03), perforation was 0.35 (95% CI, 0.18–0.70; p<0.01) and ESD self-completion by non-experts was 1.89 (95% CI, 1.20–2.95; p<0.01). There was no heterogeneity, with an I2 score of 0% (95% CI, 0%–54.40%).
Conclusions
The findings of reduced odds of perforation, a trend toward reduced delayed bleeding, and an improvement in the rates of en bloc and R0 resection with ST-ESD knives compared to NST-ESD knives support the use of ST-ESD knives when non-experts perform ESDs or as an adjunct tool for challenging ESD procedures.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by  - Knives Out: Does the Choice of Endoscopic Knife Influence the Outcome of Colorectal Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection?
Yunho Jung
Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2024; 69(11): 4014. CrossRef
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