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Volume 57(4); July 2024
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Reviews
Potassium-competitive acid blocker-associated gastric mucosal lesions
Kimitoshi Kubo, Noriko Kimura, Mototsugu Kato
Clin Endosc 2024;57(4):417-423.   Published online February 29, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.279
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Since the introduction of vonoprazan, a potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB), it has been demonstrated to reversibly inhibit gastric acid secretion by engaging in potassium-competitive ionic binding to H+/K+-ATPase. In contrast, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) achieve H+/K+-ATPase inhibition through covalent binding to cysteine residues of the proton pump. Reported cases have indicated an emerging trend of P-CAB-related gastropathies, similar to those associated with PPIs, as well as unique gastropathies specific to P-CAB use, such as the identification of web-like mucus. Pathologically, parietal cell profusions, which show a positively correlated with hypergastrinemia, have a higher incidence in P-CAB users compared to PPI users. Thus, this review aims to summarize the endoscopic and pathological findings reported to date concerning P-CAB-related gastric mucosal lesions. Additionally, it seeks to discuss the differences between the PPIs and P-CABs in terms of the formation and frequency of associated gastropathies. This review highlights the evident differences in the mechanism of action and potency of acid inhibition between P-CABs and PPIs, notably contributing to differences in the formation and frequency of associated gastropathies. It emphasizes the necessity to distinguish between P-CAB-related and PPI-related gastropathies in the clinical setting.

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  • Whitish gastric mucosa on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
    Eun Jeong Gong, Chang Seok Bang
    Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(2): 277.     CrossRef
  • 4,729 View
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Colon stenting as a bridge to surgery in obstructive colorectal cancer management
Dong Hyun Kim, Han Hee Lee
Clin Endosc 2024;57(4):424-433.   Published online March 8, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.138
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Colonic stent placement is a commonly used bridging strategy for surgery in patients with obstructive colorectal cancer. The procedure involves the placement of a self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) across the obstructive lesion to restore intestinal patency and alleviate the symptoms of obstruction. By allowing patients to receive surgery in a planned and staged manner with time for preoperative optimization and bowel preparation, stent placement may reduce the need for emergency surgery, which is associated with higher complication rates and poorer outcomes. This review focuses on the role of colon stenting as a bridge to surgery in the management of obstructive colorectal cancer. SEMS as a bridge to surgery for left-sided colon cancer has been demonstrated to be particularly useful; however, further research is needed for its application in cases of right-sided colon cancer. Colon stent placement also has limitations and potential complications including stent migration, re-obstruction, and perforation. However, the timing of curative surgery after SEMS placement remains inconclusive. Considering the literature to date, performing surgery at an interval of approximately 2 weeks is considered appropriate. Therefore, colonic stent placement may be an effective strategy as a bridge to surgery in patients with obstructive colorectal cancer.
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Endoscopic ultrasound-guided needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy for pancreatic cystic lesions: current status and future prospects
Clement Chun Ho Wu, Samuel Jun Ming Lim, Damien Meng Yew Tan
Clin Endosc 2024;57(4):434-445.   Published online July 8, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.157
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) have increased in prevalence due to the increased usage and advancements in cross-sectional abdominal imaging. Current diagnostic techniques cannot distinguish between PCLs requiring surgery, close surveillance, or expectant management. This has increased the morbidity and healthcare costs from inappropriately aggressive and conservative management strategies. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (nCLE) allows for microscopic examination and delineation of the surface epithelium of PCLs. Landmark studies have identified characteristics distinguishing various types of PCLs, confirmed the high diagnostic yield of EUS-nCLE (especially for PCLs with an equivocal diagnosis), and shown that EUS-nCLE helps to change management and reduce healthcare costs. Refining procedure technique and reducing procedure length have improved the safety of EUS-nCLE. The utilization of artificial intelligence and its combination with other EUS-based advanced diagnostic techniques would further improve the results of EUS-based PCL diagnosis. A structured training program and device improvements to allow more complete mapping of the pancreas cyst epithelium will be crucial for the widespread adoption of this promising technology.
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Clinical meaning of sarcopenia in patients undergoing endoscopic treatment
Hiroyuki Hisada, Yosuke Tsuji, Hikaru Kuribara, Ryohei Miyata, Kaori Oshio, Satoru Mizutani, Hideki Nakagawa, Rina Cho, Nobuyuki Sakuma, Yuko Miura, Hiroya Mizutani, Daisuke Ohki, Seiichi Yakabi, Yu Takahashi, Yoshiki Sakaguchi, Naomi Kakushima, Nobutake Yamamichi, Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
Clin Endosc 2024;57(4):446-453.   Published online March 22, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.193
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
With increasing global life expectancy, the significance of geriatric assessment parameters has increased. Sarcopenia is a crucial assessment parameter and is defined as the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength. Sarcopenia is widely acknowledged as a risk factor for postoperative complications in diverse advanced malignancies and has a detrimental effect on the long-term prognosis. While most studies have primarily concentrated on the correlation between sarcopenia and advanced cancer, more recent investigations have focused on the relationship between sarcopenia and early-stage cancer. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), which is less invasive than surgical intervention, is extensively employed in the management of early-stage cancer, although it is associated with complications such as bleeding and perforation. In recent years, several reports have revealed the adverse consequences of sarcopenia in patients with early-stage cancer undergoing ESD. This literature review briefly summarizes the recent studies on the association between sarcopenia and ESD.

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  • Clinical Significance of Sarcopenia in Elderly Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
    Yuanhao Su, Yongke Wu, Cheng Li, Yiyuan Zhao, Yunhao Li, Xing Jin, Zhidong Wang
    Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2024; 69(8): 2970.     CrossRef
  • 3,086 View
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Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Systematic review of self-assembling peptides as topical agents for treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding
Andrei Voiosu, Monica State, Victor Drăgan, Sergiu Văduva, Paul Bălănescu, Radu Bogdan Mateescu, Theodor Voiosu
Clin Endosc 2024;57(4):454-465.   Published online May 24, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.168
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background
/Aims: Gastrointestinal bleeding is a significant and potentially lethal event. We aimed to review the efficiency and safety of self-assembling peptides for the treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal tract bleeding.
Methods
We conducted a systematic search for studies describing the endoscopic use of self-assembling peptides for treatment or prevention of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract in a parallel, independent fashion. The primary outcomes were rates of successful initial hemostasis, delayed bleeding, and rebleeding. The secondary outcomes were adverse events and ease and volume of gel used.
Results
Seventeen studies were analyzed. Overall success rate of self-assembling peptides in gastrointestinal bleeding was 87.7% (38%–100%), regardless of etiology or associated treatments. Rebleeding rate ranged from 0% to 16.2%, with a mean of 4.7%, and overall delayed bleeding rate was 5% (range, 0%–15.9%). Only three adverse events were reported in a pooled number of 815 patients. The volume of gel used varied (0.43 to 3.7 mL) according to indication and type of bleeding.
Conclusions
The limited available data on the use of self-assembling peptides in gastrointestinal endoscopy suggest a high efficiency and good safety profile.
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Editorials
Is your endoscopist qualified enough to detect Helicobacter pylori-naive status?
Sun-Young Lee
Clin Endosc 2024;57(4):466-467.   Published online April 12, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.033
PDFPubReaderePub
  • 2,177 View
  • 156 Download
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Endoscopic approaches for the management of giant colonic polyps
Yunho Jung
Clin Endosc 2024;57(4):468-470.   Published online July 2, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.130
PDFPubReaderePub
  • 1,606 View
  • 139 Download
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Choosing needles wisely: 19-G conventional vs. Franseen needles in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration for malignant lymphoma diagnosis and classification
Kajornvit Raghareutai, Worapoth Yingyongthawat, Nonthalee Pausawasdi
Clin Endosc 2024;57(4):473-475.   Published online July 29, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.129
PDFPubReaderePub
  • 341 View
  • 30 Download
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Original Articles
Development of a predictive model for hypoxia due to sedatives in gastrointestinal endoscopy: a prospective clinical study in Korea
Jung Wan Choe, Jong Jin Hyun, Seong-Jin Son, Seung-Hak Lee
Clin Endosc 2024;57(4):476-485.   Published online April 12, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.198
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background
/Aims: Sedation has become a standard practice for patients undergoing gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. However, considering the serious cardiopulmonary adverse events associated with sedatives, it is important to identify patients at high risk. Machine learning can generate reasonable prediction for a wide range of medical conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated with sedation during GI endoscopy and develop a predictive model for hypoxia during endoscopy under sedation.
Methods
This prospective observational study enrolled 446 patients who underwent sedative endoscopy at the Korea University Ansan Hospital. Clinical data were used as predictor variables to construct predictive models using the random forest method that is a machine learning algorithm.
Results
Seventy-two of the 446 patients (16.1%) experienced life-threatening hypoxia requiring immediate medical intervention. Patients who developed hypoxia had higher body weight, body mass index (BMI), neck circumference, and Mallampati scores. Propofol alone and higher initial and total dose of propofol were significantly associated with hypoxia during sedative endoscopy. Among these variables, high BMI, neck circumference, and Mallampati score were independent risk factors for hypoxia. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the random forest-based predictive model for hypoxia during sedative endoscopy was 0.82 (95% confidence interval, 0.79–0.86) and displayed a moderate discriminatory power.
Conclusions
High BMI, neck circumference, and Mallampati score were independently associated with hypoxia during sedative endoscopy. We constructed a model with acceptable performance for predicting hypoxia during sedative endoscopy.
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Clinicopathological and endoscopic features of Helicobacter pylori infection-negative gastric cancer in Japan: a retrospective study
Kentaro Imamura, Kenshi Yao, Satoshi Nimura, Takao Kanemitsu, Masaki Miyaoka, Yoichiro Ono, Toshiharu Ueki, Hiroshi Tanabe
Clin Endosc 2024;57(4):486-494.   Published online March 22, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.258
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background
/Aims: Helicobacter pylori infection-negative gastric cancer (HPNGC) has not been systematically investigated in consecutive patients. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological and endoscopic features of HPNGC.
Methods
This single-center retrospective study selected participants from patients with gastric cancer who were treated at the Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital between January 2013 and December 2021. Only patients diagnosed with HPNGC were enrolled, and their clinicopathological and endoscopic features were analyzed in detail.
Results
The prevalence of HPNGC in the present study was 2.6% (54/2112). The types of HPNGC observed in each gastric region were as follows: advanced gastric cancer was observed in the cardia; gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic-gland differentiation, gastric adenocarcinoma of foveolar-type presenting with whitish elevation and raspberry-like foveolar-type gastric adenocarcinoma, gastric adenocarcinoma arising in polyposis, and gastric adenocarcinoma with autoimmune gastritis were observed in the fundic gland region ranging from the gastric fornix to the gastric body; signet-ring cell carcinoma was observed in the gastric-pyloric transition region ranging from the lower gastric body to the gastric angle; and well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma with low-grade atypia was observed in the antrum.
Conclusions
This study revealed that tumors from each gastric region exhibited distinct macroscopic and histological types in HPNGC.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Is your endoscopist qualified enough to detect Helicobacter pylori-naive status?
    Sun-Young Lee
    Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(4): 466.     CrossRef
  • 3,156 View
  • 170 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
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Prevalence and natural course of incidental gastric subepithelial tumors
Dae-Hyuk Heo, Min A Yang, Jae Sun Song, Won Dong Lee, Jin Woong Cho
Clin Endosc 2024;57(4):495-500.   Published online March 29, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.124
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background
/Aims: Gastric subepithelial tumors (SETs) are often encountered during the upper gastrointestinal endoscopic screening. We assessed the prevalence of gastric SETs and the risk factors for their progression.
Methods
We reviewed the electronic medical records of 30,754 patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopic screening at our medical center between January 2013 and December 2016.
Results
Among the 30,754 patients examined, 599 (1.94%) had gastric SETs. The prevalence increased with age and was 9.56% in patients aged ≥70 years. In total, 262 patients underwent serial endoscopy for more than 6 months. The median age was 68 years (interquartile range [IQR], 61–74), and the number of females was 167 (63.7%). During a median follow-up of 58 months (IQR, 38–75), 22 patients (8.4%) showed significant changes in tumor size. An irregular border (odds ratio, 4.623; 95% confidence interval, 1.093–19.558; p=0.037) was a significant risk factor for progression. Seven patients underwent surgical or endoscopic resections. The pathologies of gastric SETs included leiomyomas (n=3), gastrointestinal stromal tumors (n=2), and lipomas (n=2).
Conclusions
The prevalence of gastric SETs increases with age. Most gastric SETs do not progress during long-term endoscopic examinations, and the risk of an increase in size is low in asymptomatic small SETs without irregular borders.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Artificial Intelligence-Based Diagnosis of Gastric Mesenchymal Tumors Using Digital Endosonography Image Analysis
    Dong Chan Joo, Gwang Ha Kim, Moon Won Lee, Bong Eun Lee, Ji Woo Kim, Kwang Baek Kim
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(13): 3725.     CrossRef
  • 2,467 View
  • 128 Download
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Endoscopic management of giant colonic polyps: a retrospective Italian study
Paolo Quitadamo, Sara Isoldi, Germana De Nucci, Giulia Muzi, Flora Caruso
Clin Endosc 2024;57(4):501-507.   Published online June 5, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.229
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background
/Aims: Polyps greater than 30 mm are classified as “giants”. Their endoscopic removal represents a technical challenge. The choice of the endoscopic removal technique is important because it provides a resection sample for precise histopathological staging. This is pivotal for diagnostic, prognostic, and management purposes.
Methods
From a retrospective analysis, we obtained a sample of 38 giant polyps. Eighteen polypectomies were performed using the epinephrine volume reduction (EVR) method, nine polypectomies utilized endo-looping or clipping methods, and 11 patients underwent surgery.
Results
We obtained en bloc resection with the EVR method in all cases; histology confirmed the correct indication for endoscopic resection in all cases. Moreover, no early or delayed complications were observed, and no patient required hospitalization. Using endo-looping or clipping methods, we observed advanced histology in 1/9 (11.1%) cases, while another patient (1/9, 11.1%) had delayed bleeding. Among patients who underwent surgery, 5/11 (45.5%) were deemed overtreated and three had post-surgical complications.
Conclusions
We propose EVR as an alternative technique for giant polyp resection due to its safety, effectiveness, cost-efficiency, and the advantage of avoiding the need to postpone polypectomy to a later time. Further prospective studies might help improve this experience and enhance the technique.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Endoscopic approaches for the management of giant colonic polyps
    Yunho Jung
    Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(4): 468.     CrossRef
  • 2,106 View
  • 121 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
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Synergistic effect of independent risk factors for post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: a multicenter retrospective study in Japan
Hirokazu Saito, Yoshihiro Kadono, Takashi Shono, Kentaro Kamikawa, Atsushi Urata, Jiro Nasu, Masayoshi Uehara, Ikuo Matsushita, Tatsuyuki Kakuma, Shunpei Hashigo, Shuji Tada
Clin Endosc 2024;57(4):508-514.   Published online April 18, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.203
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background
/Aims: This study aimed to examine the synergistic effect of independent risk factors on post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP).
Methods
This multicenter retrospective study included 1,273 patients with native papillae who underwent ERCP for bile duct stones in Japan. Independent PEP risk factors were identified using univariate and multivariate analyses. Significant risk factors for PEP in the multivariate analysis were included in the final analysis to examine the synergistic effect of independent risk factors for PEP.
Results
PEP occurred in 45 of 1,273 patients (3.5%). Three factors including difficult cannulation ≥10 minutes, pancreatic injection, and normal serum bilirubin level were included in the final analysis. The incidences of PEP in patients with zero, one, two, and three factors were 0.5% (2/388), 1.9% (9/465), 6.0% (17/285), and 12.6% (17/135), respectively. With increasing risk factors for PEP, the incidence of PEP significantly increased (1 factor vs. 2 factors, p=0.006; 2 factors vs. 3 factors, p=0.033).
Conclusions
As the number of risk factors for PEP increases, the risk of PEP may not be additive; however, it may multiply. Thus, aggressive prophylaxis for PEP is strongly recommended in patients with multiple risk factors.
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Outcomes of partially covered self-expandable metal stents with different uncovered lengths in endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy: a Japanese retrospective study
Takeshi Okamoto, Takashi Sasaki, Tsuyoshi Takeda, Tatsuki Hirai, Takahiro Ishitsuka, Manabu Yamada, Hiroki Nakagawa, Takafumi Mie, Takaaki Furukawa, Akiyoshi Kasuga, Masato Ozaka, Naoki Sasahira
Clin Endosc 2024;57(4):515-526.   Published online May 10, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.142
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Background
/Aims: The optimal length of the uncovered portion of partially covered self-expandable metal stents (PCSEMSs) used in endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) remains unclear. This study investigated the safety and efficacy of PCSEMSs with different uncovered lengths, with a focus on stent migration and time to recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO).
Methods
Outcomes of patients undergoing EUS-HGS using PCSEMSs with 5-mm and 20-mm uncovered portions at our institution from January 2016 to December 2021 were compared.
Results
Sixty-two patients underwent EUS-HGS using PCSEMS (5/20-mm uncovered portions: 32/30). Stent migration occurred only in the 5-mm group. There were no differences in RBO rates (28.1% vs. 40.0%) or median time to RBO (6.8 vs. 7.1 months) between the two groups. Median overall survival (OS) was longer in the 20-mm group (3.1 vs. 4.9 months, p=0.037) due to the higher number of patients that resumed chemotherapy after EUS-HGS (56.7% vs. 28.1%, p=0.029). Good performance status, absence of hepatic metastases, and chemotherapy after EUS-HGS were independent predictors of longer OS.
Conclusions
No migration was observed in patients treated with PCSEMS with 20-mm uncovered portions. Patients treated with PCSEMS with 20-mm uncovered portions performed at least as well as those treated with 5-mm uncovered portions in all material respects.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Migration of covered expandable metal stents after endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy: stent covering versus stent design?
    Todd H. Baron
    Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(4): 471.     CrossRef
  • 1,935 View
  • 112 Download
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Safety and efficacy of novel oblique-viewing scope for B2-endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy
Sho Ishikawa, Kazuo Hara, Nozomi Okuno, Nobumasa Mizuno, Shin Haba, Takamichi Kuwahara, Yasuhiro Kuraishi, Takafumi Yanaidani, Masanori Yamada, Tsukasa Yasuda, Toshitaka Fukui, Teru Kumagi, Yoichi Hiasa
Clin Endosc 2024;57(4):527-533.   Published online March 29, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.129
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background
/Aims: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) performed at the intrahepatic bile duct segment 3 (B3) is widely used for biliary drainage. Although performing post-puncture procedures is easier in the intrahepatic bile duct segment 2 (B2) when using a conventional oblique-viewing (OV) EUS scope, this method may cause transesophageal puncture and severe adverse events. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of B2 puncture using a novel OV-EUS scope.
Methods
In this single-center retrospective study, we prospectively enrolled and collected data from 45 patients who consecutively underwent EUS-HGS procedures with a novel OV-EUS scope between September 2021 and December 2022 at our cancer center.
Results
The technical success rates of B2-EUS-HGS and EUS-HGS were 93.3% (42/45) and 97.8% (44/45), respectively. The early adverse event rate was 8.9% (4/45) with no cases of scope changes or transesophageal punctures. The median procedure time was 13 minutes (range, 5–30).
Conclusions
B2-EUS-HGS can be performed safely with the novel EG-740UT (Fujifilm) OV-scope without transesophageal puncture and with a high success rate. B2-EUS-HGS using this novel OV scope may be the preferred strategy for EUS-HGS.

Citations

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  • Dedicated Echoendoscope for Interventional Endoscopic Ultrasound: Comparison with a Conventional Echoendoscope
    Toshio Fujisawa, Shigeto Ishii, Yousuke Nakai, Hirofumi Kogure, Ko Tomishima, Yusuke Takasaki, Koichi Ito, Sho Takahashi, Akinori Suzuki, Hiroyuki Isayama
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(10): 2840.     CrossRef
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Costs involved in compliance with new endoscope reprocessing guidelines
David Hoffman, Christina Cool
Clin Endosc 2024;57(4):534-541.   Published online January 26, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.164
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background
/Aims: In March 2022, the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) released the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/AAMI ST91:2021, their latest update on comprehensive, flexible, and semirigid endoscope reprocessing. These updated standards recommend the sterilization of high-risk endoscopes when possible and provide new recommendations for the precleaning, leak testing, manual cleaning, visual inspection, automated reprocessing, drying, storage, and transport of endoscopes.
Methods
ANSI/AAMI ST91:2021 was compared with ANSI/AAMI ST91:2015 for major reprocessing differences that result in either time and/or cost increases. Time estimates were captured by explicit recommendation inclusion or taken from the literature. All the costs were estimated using publicly available resources.
Results
The updated standards represent a potential 24.3-minute and 52.35 to 67.57 United States dollars increase per procedure in terms of reprocessing time and spending, respectively, not including capital investments. Capital costs per procedure were highly dependent on the procedure volume of the facility.
Conclusions
The new AAMI standards recommend several major changes, such as sterilization, for facilities to reprocess and manage endoscopes between uses. As more facilities increase their reprocessing methods to reflect the updated standards, they do so at a cost and introduce several delays. As the reprocessing landscape evolves, facilities should consider their true costs and alternative solutions, such as single-use endoscopes.
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Case Report
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy by puncturing both B2 and B3: a single center experience
Moaz Elshair, Kazuo Hara, Nozomi Okuno, Shin Haba, Takamichi Kuwahara, Asmaa Bakr, Abdou Elshafei, Mohamed Z. Abu-Amer
Clin Endosc 2024;57(4):542-546.   Published online May 3, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2022.209
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) through ducts B2 or B3 is effective in most patients with biliary obstruction, because B2 and B3 commonly join together. However, in some patients, B2 and B3 do not join each other due to invasive hilar tumors; therefore, single-route drainage is insufficient. Here, we investigated the feasibility and efficacy of EUS-HGS through both B2 and B3 simultaneously in seven patients. We decided to perform EUS-HGS through both B2 and B3 to achieve adequate biliary drainage because these two ducts were separate from each other. Here, we report a 100% technical and overall clinical success rate. Early adverse effects were closely monitored. Minimal bleeding was reported in one patient (1/7) and mild peritonitis in one patient (1/7). None of the patients experienced stent dysfunction, fever, or bile leakage after the procedure. EUS-HGS through both B2 and B3 simultaneously is safe, feasible, and effective for biliary drainage in patients with separated ducts.
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Image of Issue
Closure of esophageal–pleural fistula using a cardiac occluder in a patient with systemic scleroderma
Oleksandr Kiosov, Vladyslav Tkachov, Sergii Gulevskyi
Clin Endosc 2024;57(4):547-548.   Published online July 5, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.037
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  • 62 Download
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Brief Reports
Long-term follow-up of patients developing gastric mucosal lesions after initiating the potassium-competitive acid blocker vonoprazan
Kimitoshi Kubo, Noriko Kimura
Clin Endosc 2024;57(4):549-551.   Published online April 18, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.186
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  • 2,917 View
  • 158 Download
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Jejunal Dieulafoy’s lesion resembling subepithelial mass resulting in profound gastrointestinal hemorrhage
Thanaboon Chaemsupaphan, Tanawat Geeratragool, Napat Angkathunyakul, Arissa Phothisirisakulwong, Monthira Maneerattanaporn
Clin Endosc 2024;57(4):552-554.   Published online March 29, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.231
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  • 2,274 View
  • 84 Download
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Boost Your Learning with Quiz
Flattened oval brown objects extracted from the bile duct
Jae Min Lee
Clin Endosc 2024;57(4):555-557.   Published online July 23, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.104
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