Clinical Endoscopy

Classification of image-enhanced endoscopy in colon tumors: One-Zoong Kim; Clin Endosc 2025;58(3):337-351. Published online May 8, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.263

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Colorectal cancer accounts for 10% of global cancer cases in each year, making accurate evaluation and resection crucial. Imaging-enhanced endoscopy helps differentiate between hyperplastic polyps and adenomas, guiding treatment decisions. Colon tumors are classified into benign (e.g., serrated and adenomatous polyps) and malignant (e.g., adenocarcinomas). The Paris classification categorizes superficial neoplastic lesions by morphology, while laterally spreading tumors are classified by size and growth pattern. Effective classification aids in determining resectability and appropriate interventions for colon tumors, ultimately improving patient outcomes. Image-enhanced endoscopy improves colon tumor diagnosis using various techniques like dye, optical, and electronic methods. Kudo’s pit pattern categorizes lesions based on surface morphology using dye, while Sano, Jikei, and Hiroshima classifications focus on vascular patterns using narrow-band imaging (NBI). The NBI International Colorectal Endoscopic (NICE) classification integrates these methods to identify lesions, especially deep submucosal invasive cancers. The Workgroup Serrated Polyps and Polyposis (WASP) classification targets sessile serrated lesions, and the Japan NBI Expert Team (JNET) classification further refines adenoma categorization with low- and high-grade adenoma. The Colorectal Neoplasia Endoscopic Classification to Choose the Treatment (CONECCT) classification consolidates multiple systems for comprehensive assessment, aiding in treatment decisions and potentially applicable to artificial intelligence for diagnostic validation across imaging modalities like linked color imaging, blue light imaging, or i-scan.

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Fecal microbiota transplantation: present and future: Ra Ri Cha, Irene Sonu; Clin Endosc 2025;58(3):352-359. Published online March 25, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.270

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) involves transplanting fecal matter from healthy donors into patients with gut dysbiosis to restore microbial balance. It has been proven to be highly effective in treating recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), and United States Food and Drug Administration-approved microbiome-based therapies, such as REBYOTA (fecal microbiota live-jslm) and VOWST (fecal microbiota spores live-brpk), offer promising treatment options. Although FMT is widely used to treat recurrent CDI, its use in gastrointestinal and metabolic diseases remains limited. Future research directions include optimizing donor selection, understanding microbial mechanisms, and exploring the potential of FMT for treating other diseases. Ongoing research not only aims to broaden its indications but also improves its safety and efficacy. Emerging therapies such as VE303 (Vedanta) are being studied to refine treatment approaches and expand the use of microbiota-based therapies. Further studies are needed to standardize guidelines, improve patient outcomes, and better define the role of FMT in the treatment of diseases beyond recurrent CDI.

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Peroral cholangioscopy: past, present and future: Yuki Tanisaka, Robert Hawes; Clin Endosc 2025;58(3):360-369. Published online May 19, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.306

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the gold standard for the evaluation of biliary strictures and the management of bile duct stones. However, standard ERCP techniques sometimes fail for both indications. In such situations, peroral cholangioscopy (POCS), which allows direct visualization of the bile duct, can play a significant role in diagnosis and treatment. Direct visualization using POCS can help differentiate between malignant and benign conditions and is more accurate in defining the extent of cholangiocarcinoma. Furthermore, POCS enables visually guided biopsies. Certain types of difficult bile duct stones, such as impacted and intrahepatic stones, require POCS for visually guided lithotripsy. Recent advancements in POCS will broaden its applicability and improve its diagnostic utility. In this review, we provide perspectives on the past, present, and future of POCS.

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Remimazolam, a novel drug, for safe and effective endoscopic sedation: Jae Min Lee, Yehyun Park, Dong Won Ahn, Jun Kyu Lee, Kwang Hyuck Lee; Clin Endosc 2025;58(3):370-376. Published online January 14, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.026

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Remimazolam is a novel benzodiazepine with unique pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, making it an ideal candidate for sedation during endoscopic procedures. Distinguished by its rapid onset and short duration of action, remimazolam offers a safer and more efficient alternative to traditional sedatives, such as midazolam and propofol, with fewer side effects, such as hypotension, bradycardia, and respiratory depression. This article reviews the characteristics of remimazolam and its practical advantages, including ease of use, quick recovery time, and minimal residual sedation, emphasizing its potential to improve patient safety and procedural efficiency in clinical endoscopy settings.

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Prevalence of intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and esophageal adenocarcinoma in patients with irregular Z-line: a systematic review and meta-analysis: Vishali Moond, Pradeep Yarra, Mannat Bhatia, Sheza Malik, Vineel Malavarappu, Hassam Ali, Saurabh Chandan, Douglas G. Adler, Babu P. Mohan; Clin Endosc 2025;58(3):377-385. Published online March 31, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.211

Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Background
/Aims: The irregular Z-line, defined as a segment of columnar mucosa less than 1 cm in the distal esophagus, is often biopsied despite guidelines advising against it due to a low risk of progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). However, the clinical significance of an irregular Z-line remains unclear. This meta-analysis examines the prevalence of Barrett’s esophagus, dysplasia, and EAC in patients with an irregular Z-line.
Methods
We searched Medline, Embase, and Scopus databases up to October 2023 for studies on the prevalence of Barrett’s esophagus, dysplasia, and EAC in these patients. A random-effects model was used for meta-analysis, and heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics.
Results
Nine studies involving 17,637 patients were analyzed. Among those with an irregular Z-line, the prevalence of intestinal metaplasia was 29.4%. In patients with intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia was found in 6.2%, low-grade dysplasia in 5.9%, high-grade dysplasia in 1.6%, and EAC in 1.5%. These rates were higher compared to those without intestinal metaplasia.
Conclusions
Patients with an irregular Z-line and intestinal metaplasia may be at higher risk and could benefit from endoscopic surveillance. Further studies are needed to determine the necessity of biopsying irregular Z-lines.

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Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage versus endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography biliary drainage in the palliative management of malignant distal biliary obstruction: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials: Spyros Peppas, Advait Suvarnakar, Bara A. Abujaber, Nadera Altork, Amer Arman, Sayel Alzraikat, Akram I. Ahmad, Camille Boustani, Won Kyoo Cho; Clin Endosc 2025;58(3):386-397. Published online May 9, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.155

Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Background
/Aims: Evidence suggests comparable outcomes between endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the biliary drainage of malignant distal biliary obstruction (MDBO). We conducted an updated systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the EUS with ERCP in the management of MDBO.
Methods
We performed a literature search using the Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases, including randomized controlled trials comparing EUS and ERCP in patients with MDBO. Meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model using the STATA ver. 17.0 software.
Results
Both procedures were comparable in technical (risk ratio [RR], 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78–1.30) and clinical (RR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.85–1.41) success. No difference was identified in total adverse events (RR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.42–1.35), acute cholangitis (RR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.43–1.62), stent patency (RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.87–1.46) and mean stent patency time (mean difference, –0.01; 95% CI: –0.21 to 0.19). ERCP was associated with a higher risk of procedure-related pancreatitis (RR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.04–0.68) and statistically non-significant higher risk for reintervention (RR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.37–1.01).
Conclusions
Although EUS and ERCP were comparable in terms of efficacy and safety, ERCP was associated with a higher risk of procedure-related pancreatitis and reintervention, with the latter finding not reaching statistical significance.

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Redefining endoscopic management of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease: the role of Stretta radiofrequency therapy and antireflux mucosectomy: Yuto Shimamura; Clin Endosc 2025;58(3):398-400. Published online May 8, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2025.099

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Sarcopenia in the era of aging populations: its clinical implications for peptic ulcer bleeding: Hiroyuki Hisada, Yosuke Tsuji, Mitsuhiro Fujishiro; Clin Endosc 2025;58(3):401-403. Published online May 28, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2025.104

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Where technology meets technique: computer-aided detection and mucosal exposure device to improve adenoma detection: James Weiquan Li; Clin Endosc 2025;58(3):404-405. Published online May 23, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2025.079

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A new era for autoimmune pancreatitis diagnosis: fine-needle biopsy outperforms fine-needle aspiration in endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition: Gunn Huh, Tae Jun Song; Clin Endosc 2025;58(3):406-408. Published online May 23, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2025.094

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19-Gauge Versus 22-Gauge Franseen Needles, Comparison of the Histological Diagnostic Capability of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Biopsy for Autoimmune Pancreatitis: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study
Shota Iwata, Takuji Iwashita, Yosuke Ohashi, Akihiko Senju, Ryuichi Tezuka, Shinya Uemura, Kensaku Yoshida, Akinori Maruta, Yuhei Iwasa, Mitsuru Okuno, Keisuke Iwata, Tatsuhiko Miyazaki, Masahito Shimizu
Diagnostics.2025; 15(12): 1496. CrossRef

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The comparative study of Stretta radiofrequency and anti-reflux mucosectomy in the management of intractable gastroesophageal reflux disease: a single-center retrospective study from Korea: Ah Young Lee, Ji Woo Choi, Jeong Haeng Heo, Jun Young Chung, Seong Hwan Kim, Joo Young Cho; Clin Endosc 2025;58(3):409-417. Published online May 7, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.163

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Background
/Aims: Chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) requires symptom relief and treatment of associated conditions. In this study, we aimed to compare anti-reflux mucosectomy (ARMS) and Stretta radiofrequency (SRF) for treating patients with chronic GERD who are unresponsive to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and to identify the indications for each procedure.
Methods
Data of patients who underwent ARMS or SRF between March 2021 and April 2023 were analyzed. Changes in GERD questionnaire (GERDQ) scores, endoscopic Los Angeles (LA) grade, flap valve grade (FVG) based on Hill’s type, EndoFLIP distensibility index (DI), endoscopic Barrett’s epithelium (BE) resolution rate, and PPI withdrawal rate were compared between the two groups.
Results
Improvements in the GERDQ scores and PPI withdrawal rates were similar between the groups. The ARMS group showed significantly better changes in endoscopic LA grade, FVG, and EndoFLIP DI than the SRF group. The complications were more prevalent in the ARMS group than in the SRF group.
Conclusions
The change in endoscopic LA grade before and after the procedure was significantly higher in the ARMS group than in the SRF group. Significant improvements in endoscopic FVG, BE resolution, and EndoFLIP DI were observed only with the ARMS group.

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Redefining endoscopic management of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease: the role of Stretta radiofrequency therapy and antireflux mucosectomy
Yuto Shimamura
Clinical Endoscopy.2025; 58(3): 398. CrossRef

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Predictors of failure of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement: a retrospective study in a tertiary care center in the USA: Ryan Xin, Cassandra Sanossian, Melissa Fazzari, Brandon Mui, Marouf Hossain, Jennifer Katz; Clin Endosc 2025;58(3):418-424. Published online January 23, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.118

Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Background
/Aims: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement is a common procedure used to initiate enteral feeding. To our knowledge, there are no previous studies that analyze predictors of PEG failure. This study aims to identify risk factors for failure of inpatient PEG placement.
Methods
A retrospective chart review was conducted of inpatients in the Montefiore Health System who were scheduled to undergo PEG placement from 2016 to 2020 (n=1,138). Patient, endoscopist, and procedural characteristics were summarized using descriptive statistics, both overall and stratified by whether the PEG was successfully placed.
Results
The overall success rate of PEG placement was 89%. The most common indications included stroke (31%), dementia (27%), and ventilator use (24%). Patient characteristics, including body mass index (BMI) (p=0.16) and indication for PEG placement (p=0.06), were not significantly associated with PEG failure. Instead, endoscopist and procedural characteristics were found to be significant, including type of attending (p<0.001), location of case (p=0.02), and category of anesthesia (p<0.001).
Conclusions
PEG placement remains a highly successful procedure. Endoscopist and procedural characteristics, not patient characteristics, were associated with PEG placement success. Notably, patient BMI and indication for PEG placement could not be used to risk stratify candidates for PEG placement.

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Influence of sarcopenia on clinical outcomes in peptic ulcer bleeding: a retrospective single-center analysis in Korea: Ji Hoon Yu, Hyun Tak Lee, Seok Ki Jang, Ah Young Lee, Jun-young Seo; Clin Endosc 2025;58(3):425-437. Published online January 21, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.209

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Background
/Aims: Peptic ulcer bleeding (PUB) is a major cause of nonvariceal gastrointestinal bleeding. As the older population increases, the prevalence of sarcopenia is also growing. Although sarcopenia influences the prognosis of various diseases, its association with clinical outcomes of PUB remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to explore this correlation.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 2,050 patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy for suspected gastrointestinal bleeding between January 2014 and December 2021. Patients who underwent computed tomography scans were included for sarcopenia evaluation based on the psoas muscle index, defined as the total psoas area normalized by the square of the height of the patient. Sarcopenia was defined using specific cutoffs: ≤7.3 cm2/m2 and ≤5.1 cm2/m2 for men and women, respectively. The primary outcome measured was the 30-day mortality rate.
Results
Out of 358 patients, 149 were diagnosed with sarcopenia. The 30-day mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with sarcopenia than in those without. Multivariate regression analysis revealed significant associations between sarcopenia, a high age, blood tests, and comorbidity score, and administration of inotropic agents with 30-day mortality.
Conclusions
Our study showed that the presence of sarcopenia, elevated comorbidity scores, and use of inotropes were associated with higher 30-day mortality rates. Considering that sarcopenia may influence the clinical outcomes in patients with PUB, it is crucial to manage patients with sarcopenia with particular care.

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Sarcopenia in the era of aging populations: its clinical implications for peptic ulcer bleeding
Hiroyuki Hisada, Yosuke Tsuji, Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
Clinical Endoscopy.2025; 58(3): 401. CrossRef

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GI Genius increases small and right-sided adenoma and sessile serrated lesion detection rate when used with EndoCuff in a real-world setting: a retrospective United States study: Jeong Hoon Kim, Jade Wang, Colton Pence, Patrick Magahis, Enad Dawod, Felice Schnoll-Sussman, Reem Z. Sharaiha, David Wan; Clin Endosc 2025;58(3):438-447. Published online April 22, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.271

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Background
/Aims: The real-world efficacy of computer-aided detection (CADe) systems, such as GI Genius (Medtronic), is unclear. We examined the colonoscopy metrics using CADe alone and with a mucosal exposure device (EndoCuff; Olympus) in a real-world setting.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed screening and surveillance colonoscopies before, during, and after CADe use in a large tertiary care center. Outcomes included the adenomas per colonoscopy (APC), sessile serrated lesions per colonoscopy, adenoma detection rate (ADR), sessile serrated lesion detection rate (SSLDR), advanced ADR, total polyp detection rate, and true histology rate. The ADR and SSLDR were further examined according to size, colon location, and EndoCuff use.
Results
A total of 798 colonoscopies were performed, including 386 pre-CADe, 178 CADe, and 234 post-CADe. In cases where CADe was used with the EndoCuff, the 1 to 5 mm ADR increased from 36.3% (pre-CADe) to 52.1% (CADe) (p=0.01). The 1 to 5 mm SSLDR increased from 9.6% (pre-CADe) to 17.1% (CADe) (p=0.02). The right-sided ADR increased from 30.8% (pre-CADe) to 42.7% (CADe) (p=0.03). The right-sided SSLDR increased from 12.3% (pre-CADe) to 24.8% (CADe) (p<0.001). No significant changes were observed when only CADe was used. No differences were found in other outcome measures. Post-CADe metrics returned to pre-CADe levels.
Conclusions
GI Genius is useful for identifying small and right-sided polyps only when used with the EndoCuff.

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Where technology meets technique: computer-aided detection and mucosal exposure device to improve adenoma detection
James Weiquan Li
Clinical Endoscopy.2025; 58(3): 404. CrossRef

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Efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy for biliary drainage in hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective study from Japan: Kenneth Tachi, Kazuo Hara, Nozomi Okuno, Shin Haba, Takamichi Kuwahara, Toshitaka Fukui, Ahmed Mohammed Sadek, Hossam El-Din Shaaban Mahmoud Ibrahim, Minako Urata, Takashi Kondo, Yoshitaro Yamamoto; Clin Endosc 2025;58(3):448-456. Published online November 11, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.079

Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Background
/Aims: Biliary obstruction drainage in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with symptom palliation, improved access to chemotherapy, and improved survival. Stent placement and exchange via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography biliary drainage risk traversing the HCC, a hypervascular tumor and causing bleeding. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) potentially prevents procedure-related bleeding. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of EUS-HGS as an alternative treatment for biliary obstruction in patients with HCC.
Methods
This was a retrospective study of all EUS-HGS procedures performed in patients with HCC at the Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Japan, from February 2017 to August 2023.
Results
A total of 14 EUS-HGS procedures (42.9% primary) were attempted in 10 HCC patients (mean age 71.5 years, 80.0% male). Clinical and technical success rates were 92.9% and 90.9%, respectively. The observed procedure details in the 13 successful procedures included B3 puncture (53.8%), 22-G needle (53.8%), fully covered self-expandable metal stent (100%), and mean procedure time (32.7 minutes). There was no bleeding. Mild complications occurred in 27.3%. All patients resumed oral intake within 24 hours.
Conclusions
EUS-HGS is a technically feasible and clinically effective initial or salvage drainage option for the treatment of biliary obstruction in patients with HCC.

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Predictive factors for the diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis using endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition: a retrospective study in Japan: Keisuke Yonamine, Shinsuke Koshita, Yoshihide Kanno, Takahisa Ogawa, Hiroaki Kusunose, Toshitaka Sakai, Kazuaki Miyamoto, Fumisato Kozakai, Haruka Okano, Yuto Matsuoka, Kento Hosokawa, Hidehito Sumiya, Yutaka Noda, Kei Ito; Clin Endosc 2025;58(3):457-464. Published online March 28, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.238

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Background
/Aims: The factors affecting the detection rate of lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis (LPSP) using endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA) in patients with type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) have not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective study to identify the predictive factors for histologically detecting level 1 or 2 LPSP using EUS-TA.
Methods
Fifty patients with AIP were included in this study, and the primary outcome measures were the predictive factors for histologically detecting level 1 or 2 LPSP using EUS-TA.
Results
Multivariate analysis identified the use of fine needle biopsy (FNB) needles as a significant predictive factor for LPSP detection (odds ratio, 15.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.62–141; ¬¬p=0.017). The rate of good-quality specimens (specimen adequacy score ≥4) was significantly higher for the FNB needle group than for the fine needle aspiration (FNA) needle group (97% vs. 56%; p<0.01), and the FNB needle group required significantly fewer needle passes than the FNA needle group (median, 2 vs. 3; p<0.01).
Conclusions
The use of FNB needles was the most important factor for the histological confirmation of LPSP using EUS-TA in patients with type 1 AIP.

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A new era for autoimmune pancreatitis diagnosis: fine-needle biopsy outperforms fine-needle aspiration in endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition
Gunn Huh, Tae Jun Song
Clinical Endoscopy.2025; 58(3): 406. CrossRef

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In-room cytologic evaluation by trained endosonographer for determination of procedure end in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy of solid pancreatic lesions: a prospective study in Taiwan: Weng-Fai Wong, Yu-Ting Kuo, Wern-Cherng Cheng, Chia-Tung Shun, Ming-Lun Han, Chieh-Chang Chen, Hsiu-Po Wang; Clin Endosc 2025;58(3):465-473. Published online December 12, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.143

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Background
/Aims: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) is an essential tool for tissue acquisition in solid pancreatic tumors. Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) by cytologists ensures diagnostic accuracy. However, the universal application of the ROSE is limited by its availability. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the feasibility of determining the end of the procedure based on the results of in-room cytological evaluation by trained endosonographers (IRCETE).
Methods
A training course focusing on the cytological interpretation of common pancreatic tumors was provided to the three endosonographers. After training, the decision to terminate EUS-FNB was made based on IRCETE results. The diagnostic accuracy, concordance rate of diagnostic categories, and sample adequacy were compared with those determined by board-certified cytologists and macroscopic on-site evaluation (MOSE).
Results
We enrolled 65 patients with solid pancreatic tumors, most of whom were malignant (86.2%). The diagnostic accuracy was 90.8% when the end of the procedure was determined based on IRCETE, compared to 87.7% and 98.5% when determined by MOSE and cytologists, respectively (p=0.060). Based on the cytologists’ results, the accuracy of IRCETE in diagnostic category interpretation was 97.3%.
Conclusions
In the absence of ROSE, IRCETE can serve as a supplementary alternative to MOSE in determining the end of tissue sampling with a high accuracy rate.

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Diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity of the rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) versus macroscopic on-site evaluation (MOSE) in endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided sampling: a systematic review
Eyad Gadour, Bogdan Miutescu, Sarah Al Ghamdi, Calin Burciu, Hossam Shaaban, Deiana Vuletici, Aymen Almuhaidb, Iulia Ratiu, Emad Aljahdli, Hussein Okasha
Frontline Gastroenterology.2025; : flgastro-2024-102918. CrossRef

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Pancreatic heterotopia mimicking a common bile duct tumor: Hsu-Huan Tseng, Hsueh-Chien Chiang, Ping-Jui Su; Clin Endosc 2025;58(3):474-475. Published online May 7, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.196

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Successful removal of a buried lumen-apposing metal stent without complications using pancreatic drainage and a hemostatic agent: Yuki Fujii, Kazuyuki Matsumoto, Motoyuki Otsuka; Clin Endosc 2025;58(3):476-477. Published online February 27, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.233

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Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty combined with anti-obesity medication for better control of weight and diabetes: Chen-Shuan Chung, Hua-Fen Chen, Jiann-Ming Wu; Clin Endosc 2025;58(3):478-481. Published online March 25, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.274

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Mesenteric arteriovenous malformation with associated inferior mesenteric vein occlusion: a rare cause of ischemic colitis: Priyata Dutta, Aciel Shaheen, Michael Zijlstra, Wael Al-Yaman, Neil Shah, Kevin Wenzke; Clin Endosc 2025;58(3):482-484. Published online March 20, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.254

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A 12 mm-sized rectal subepithelial tumor: uncommon, but one you must know: Seong-Jung Kim, Jun Lee; Clin Endosc 2025;58(3):485-487. Published online April 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2025.068

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Comments on 'Flexible endoscopic treatment of Zenker’s diverticulum: a retrospective study in a single center from Turkey': Hye Kyung Jeon, Gwang Ha Kim; Clin Endosc 2025;58(3):488-489. Published online April 7, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2025.003

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Peroral endoscopic myotomy for achalasia combined with esophageal varices: Ah Young Lee, Joo Young Cho; Clin Endosc 2025;58(3):490-492. Published online March 28, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.245

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