Reviews
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Advances in self-expandable metal stents for endoscopic ultrasound-guided interventions
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Dong Kee Jang, Dong Wook Lee, Seong-Hun Kim, Kwang Bum Cho, Sundeep Lakhtakia
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Clin Endosc 2024;57(5):588-594. Published online July 9, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.169
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- Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided interventions have evolved rapidly in recent years, with dedicated metal stents playing a crucial role in this process. Specifically, the invention of biflanged short metal-covered stents, including lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS), and modifications in a variety of tubular self-expandable metal stents (SEMS), have led to innovations in EUS-guided interventions. LAMS or non-LAMS stents are commonly used in the EUS-guided drainage of pancreatic fluid collections, especially in cases of walled-off necrosis. Additionally, LAMS is commonly considered for drainage of the EUS-guided gallbladder or dilated common bile duct and EUS-guided gastroenterostomy. Fully or partially covered tubular SEMS with several new designs are being considered for EUS-guided biliary drainage. This review focuses on advances in SEMS for EUS-guided interventions and discusses related research results.
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Citations
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- Stent-Over-Sponge (SOS) as a Rescue Technique for Leak Post-Bariatric Surgery: Experience From Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur, Canada
Majed Alanazi, Bandar Ali, Ibrahim Alonazi, Pierre Y Garneau , Denis Ronald, Radu Pescarus
Cureus.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy, with focus on technique and practical tips
Chi-Ying Yang, Wen-Hsin Huang, Hsing-Hung Cheng
Clinical Endoscopy.2025; 58(2): 201. CrossRef - Endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy without tract dilation using a novel ultra-tapered slim-delivery metallic stent
Ritsuko Oishi, Haruo Miwa, Kazuki Endo, Hiromi Tsuchiya, Yuichi Suzuki, Kazushi Numata, Shin Maeda
Endoscopy.2025; 57(S 01): E244. CrossRef
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Endoscopic ultrasound-guided intervention for inaccessible papilla in advanced malignant hilar biliary obstruction
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Partha Pal, Sundeep Lakhtakia
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Clin Endosc 2023;56(2):143-154. Published online February 17, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2022.198
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- Advanced malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO) with inaccessible papilla poses a significant challenge to endoscopists, as drainage of multiple liver segments may be warranted. Transpapillary drainage may not be feasible in patients with surgically altered anatomy, duodenal stenosis, prior duodenal self-expanding metal stent, and after initial transpapillary drainage, but require re-intervention for draining separated liver segments. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) and percutaneous trans-hepatic biliary drainage are the feasible options in this scenario. The major advantages of EUS-BD over percutaneous trans-hepatic biliary drainage include a reduction in patient discomfort and internal drainage away from the tumor, thus reducing the possibility of tissue or tumor ingrowth. With innovations, EUS-BD is helpful not only for bilateral communicating MHBO but also for non-communicating systems with bridging hilar stents or isolated right intra-hepatic duct drainage by hepatico-duodenostomy. EUS-guided multi-stent drainage with specially designed cannulas and guidewires has become a reality. A combined approach with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for re-intervention, interventional radiology, and intraductal tumor ablative therapies has been reported. Stent migration and bile leakage can be minimized with proper stent selection and technique, and stent blocks can be managed with EUS-guided interventions in a majority of cases. Future comparative studies are required to establish the role of EUS-guided interventions in MHBO as rescue or primary therapy.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Feasibility of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy for Malignant Hilar Biliary Obstruction
Akihisa Ohno, Nao Fujimori, Toyoma Kaku, Yuzo Shimokawa, Tsukasa Miyagahara, Yuta Suehiro, Anthony Gerodias, Shotaro Kakehashi, Kazuhide Matsumoto, Masatoshi Murakami, Keijiro Ueda, Yoshihiro Ogawa
Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2025; 70(1): 419. CrossRef - Percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy with cholangiography-guided choledochojejunostomy: a bridge drainage technique for distal common bile duct stenosis after Begerʼs operation
Rui Chen, Jingyi Zhang, Tianhao Chen, Jie Zhang, Rongxing Zhou
Endoscopy.2025; 57(S 01): E304. CrossRef - Novel approach to bilateral biliary drainage: EUS-guided hepaticoduodenodenostomy plus hepaticogastrostomy in malignant hilar biliary obstruction
Susumu Hijioka, Yoshikuni Nagashio, Yuta Maruki, Shota Harai, Daiki Agarie, Daiki Yamashige, Kohei Okamoto, Shin Yagi, Soma Fukuda, Yasuhiro Komori, Masaru Kuwada, Yutaka Saito, Takuji Okusaka
Endoscopy International Open.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Endoscopic Management of Malignant Biliary Obstruction
Woo Hyun Paik, Do Hyun Park
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America.2024; 34(1): 127. CrossRef - The Lambda stenting technique: a new approach to address EUS-guided biliary drainage–associated adverse events
Hiroki Sato, Hidemasa Kawabata, Mikihiro Fujiya
VideoGIE.2024; 9(2): 107. CrossRef - Comparison of stent patency between EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy with bridging and endoscopic transpapillary biliary drainage for hilar obstruction
Kotaro Takeshita, Susumu Hijioka, Yoshikuni Nagashio, Yuta Maruki, Akihiro Ohba, Yuki Kawasaki, Tetsuro Takasaki, Shin Yagi, Daiki Agarie, Hidenobu Hara, Yuya Hagiwara, Daiki Yamashige, Kohei Okamoto, Soma Fukuda, Masaru Kuwada, Mark Chatto, Shunsuke Kond
Endoscopy International Open.2024; 12(07): E875. CrossRef - Percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy combined with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for bilateral biliary bridge drainage for malignant biliary obstruction
Gang Tang, Jingyi Zhang, Rui Chen, Jie Zhang, Rongxing Zhou
Endoscopy.2024; 56(S 01): E724. CrossRef - Cholangiocarcinoma – A Detailed Review on Indian Literature
Sanoop Kumar Sherin Sabu, Vinoth Kumar Ramachandran, U. S. Umashankar, Harriprasad Baskkaran, Swetha Sattanathan, Rajendra Prasad Bollupalle, Yalamanchi Sri Ram Srujan, V. Aravinda Narasimhan, Nair Parvati Ramachandran
Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy Practice.2024; 4(4): 151. CrossRef - Novel specialized guidewire for bridging deployment into the right hepatic duct via endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy for malignant hilar biliary obstruction
Tadahisa Inoue, Rena Kitano, Tomoya Kitada, Kazumasa Sakamoto, Satoshi Kimoto, Jun Arai, Kiyoaki Ito
Endoscopy.2024; 56(S 01): E943. CrossRef
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Focused Review Series: Endoscopic approaches to Neuroendocrine Tumors
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Therapy of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Fine Needle Intervention including Ethanol and Radiofrequency Ablation
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Sundeep Lakhtakia
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Clin Endosc 2017;50(6):546-551. Published online November 30, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2017.167
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- Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are increasingly being detected, though usually as incidental findings. Majority of the PNETs are non-functional and surgical resection is the standard of care for most of them. However, in patients with small PNETs localized within the pancreas, who are unfit or unwilling for surgery, alternate methods of treatment are needed. Direct methods of ablation of PNETs, using either ethanol injection or radiofrequency ablation (RFA), are emerging as effective methods. The limited literature available as case reports or case series on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided local ablation using either ethanol or RFA has demonstrated safety and efficacy along with short- to medium-term sustained relief. Long-term benefits with these local ablative therapies are awaited. Comparative studies are needed to show which of these two competing technologies is superior. Finally, comparative trials of EUS-guided ablation with surgical resection in terms of efficacy and safety will ensure their place in the management algorithm.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasonography-guided ethanol injections of small pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: a prospective multicenter study
Kazuyuki Matsumoto, Hironari Kato, Takao Itoi, Masayuki Kitano, Kazuo Hara, Masaki Kuwatani, Mamoru Takenaka, Reiko Ashida, Shuntaro Mukai, Nozomi Okuno, Kazumichi Kawakubo, Tatsuhiro Yamazaki, Jun Sakurai, Yuki Nakatsuka, Michihiro Yoshida, Motoyuki Otsu
Endoscopy.2025; 57(04): 321. CrossRef - Role of endoscopic ultrasound in the diagnosis and local ablative therapy of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Yun Je Song, Jun Kyeong Lim, Jun-Ho Choi
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2025; 40(2): 170. CrossRef - Safety and efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided radiofrequency ablation for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Tawfik Khoury, Wisam Sbeit, Pietro Fusaroli, Davide Campana, Nicole Brighi, Bertrand Napoleon, Andrea Lisotti
Digestive Endoscopy.2024; 36(4): 395. CrossRef - Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation in Pancreatic Lesions: Where Are We Now and What Does the Future Hold?
Radhika Chavan, Nirav Thosani, Shivangi Kothari
Cancers.2024; 16(21): 3662. CrossRef - Efficacy and Safety of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Systematic Review and Metanalysis
Elia Armellini, Antonio Facciorusso, Stefano Francesco Crinò
Medicina.2023; 59(2): 359. CrossRef - Chinese expert consensus on multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine liver metastases
Yihebali Chi, Liming Jiang, Susheng Shi, Shun He, Chunmei Bai, Dan Cao, Jianqiang Cai, Qichen Chen, Xiao Chen, Yiqiao Deng, Shunda Du, Zhen Huang, Li Huo, Yuan Ji, Jie Li, Wenhui Lou, Jie Luo, Xueying Shi, Lijie Song, Bei Sun, Huangying Tan, Feng Wang, Xu
Journal of Pancreatology.2023; 6(4): 139. CrossRef - Diagnostic and Interventional Role of Endoscopic Ultrasonography for the Management of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Giuseppinella Melita, Socrate Pallio, Andrea Tortora, Stefano Francesco Crinò, Antonio Macrì, Gianlorenzo Dionigi
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2021; 10(12): 2638. CrossRef - Sunitinib-Loaded Chondroitin Sulfate Hydrogels as a Novel Drug-Delivery Mechanism for the Treatment of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Xavier M. Keutgen, Kimberly J. Ornell, Alyx Vogle, Olga Lakiza, Jelani Williams, Paul Miller, Katelyn S. Mistretta, Namrata Setia, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, Jeannine M. Coburn
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2021; 28(13): 8532. CrossRef - Study protocol for endoscopic ultrasonography-guided ethanol injection therapy for patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm: a multicentre prospective study
Kazuyuki Matsumoto, Hironari Kato, Masayuki Kitano, Kazuo Hara, Masaki Kuwatani, Reiko Ashida, Mamoru Takenaka, Tatsuhiro Yamazaki, Jun Sakurai, Michihiro Yoshida, Hiroyuki Okada
BMJ Open.2021; 11(7): e046505. CrossRef - Long-term outcome after EUS-guided radiofrequency ablation: Prospective results in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and pancreatic cystic neoplasms
Marc Barthet, Marc Giovannini, Mohamed Gasmi, Nathalie Lesavre, Christian Boustière, Bertrand Napoleon, Arthur LaQuiere, Stephane Koch, Geoffroy Vanbiervliet, Jean-Michel Gonzalez
Endoscopy International Open.2021; 09(08): E1178. CrossRef - Endoscopic ultrasound-guided ethanol and radiofrequency ablation of pancreatic insulinomas: a systematic literature review
Ghassan El Sayed, Levente Frim, Jamie Franklin, Raymond McCrudden, Charles Gordon, Safa Al-Shamma, Szabolcs Kiss, Péter Hegyi, Bálint Erőss, Péter Jenő Hegyi
Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Efficacy and safety of scheduled early endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided ethanol reinjection for patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: Prospective pilot study
Kazuyuki Matsumoto, Hironari Kato, Seiji Kawano, Hiroyasu Fujiwara, Kenji Nishida, Ryo Harada, Masakuni Fujii, Ryuichi Yoshida, Yuzo Umeda, Shiro Hinotsu, Takahito Yagi, Hiroyuki Okada
Digestive Endoscopy.2020; 32(3): 425. CrossRef - Endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided ethanol ablation of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 disease following complicated total pancreatectomy
Hsiang‐Hung Lin, Chen‐Wang Chang, Ming‐Jen Chen
Advances in Digestive Medicine.2020; 7(2): 97. CrossRef - Interventional endoscopic ultrasound for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms
Mihai Rimbaş, Mihaela Horumbă, Gianenrico Rizzatti, Stefano Francesco Crinò, Antonio Gasbarrini, Guido Costamagna, Alberto Larghi
Digestive Endoscopy.2020; 32(7): 1031. CrossRef - Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor
Marc Barthet
Annales d'Endocrinologie.2019; 80(3): 182. CrossRef - Current Status of Endoscopic Ultrasound Techniques for Pancreatic Neoplasms
Yousuke Nakai, Naminatsu Takahara, Suguru Mizuno, Hirofumi Kogure, Kazuhiko Koike
Clinical Endoscopy.2019; 52(6): 527. CrossRef
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