Review
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Intraductal ultrasonography for biliary strictures
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Young Koog Cheon
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Clin Endosc 2023;56(2):164-168. Published online February 17, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2022.184
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Abstract
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- When diagnosing the nature of biliary strictures, it is sometimes difficult to perform non-invasive methods such as ultrasound, spiral computed imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, or endoscopic ultrasonography. Thus, treatment decisions are usually based on biopsy results. However, brush cytology or biopsy, which is widely used for biliary stenosis, has limitations owing to its low sensitivity and negative predictive value for malignancy. Currently, the most accurate method is bile duct tissue biopsy under direct cholangioscopy. On the other hand, intraductal ultrasonography administered under the guidance of a guidewire has the advantages of easy administration and being less invasive, allowing for adequate examination of the biliary tract and surrounding organs. This review discusses the usefulness and drawbacks of intraductal ultrasonography for biliary strictures.
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Commentary
Focused Review Series: Photodynamic Therapy
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Current Status of Photodynamic Therapy for Bile Duct Cancer
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Tae Yoon Lee, Young Koog Cheon, Chan Sup Shim
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Clin Endosc 2013;46(1):38-44. Published online January 31, 2013
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2013.46.1.38
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Abstract
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The most common form in bile duct cancers is a highly desmoplastic cancer with a growth pattern characterized by periductal extension and infiltration. The prognosis of bile duct cancers, especially hilar cholangiocarcinoma, is limited by tumor spread along the biliary tree leading to refractory obstructive cholestasis, cholangitis, and liver failure. Although biliary endoprosthesis improves occlusion rates and reduces the number of therapeutic interventions, median survival time is not ameliorated. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a local photochemical tumor treatment that consists of a photosensitizing agent in combination with laser irradiation of a distinct wavelength. Tumor ablation with PDT combined with biliary stenting reduces cholestasis and significantly improves median survival time in selected patients with bile duct cancers.
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