Focused Review Series: Current Status of Image-Enhanced Endoscopy (IEE)
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Role of Image-Enhanced Endoscopy in Pancreatobiliary Diseases
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Yun Nah Lee, Jong Ho Moon, Hyun Jong Choi
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Clin Endosc 2018;51(6):541-546. Published online November 30, 2018
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2018.203
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Abstract
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- Recent advances in cholangiopancreatoscopy technology permit image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) for pancreatobiliary diseases. There are limitations in endoscopy performance and in the study of the clinical role of IEE in bile duct or pancreatic duct diseases. However, currently available IEEs during cholangiopancreatoscopy including traditional dye-aided chromoendoscopy, autofluorescence imaging, narrow-band imaging, and i-Scan have been evaluated and reported previously. Although the clinical role of IEE in pancreatobiliary diseases should be verified in future studies, IEE is a useful promising tool in the evaluation of bile duct or pancreatic duct mucosal lesions.
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Review
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An Update on Endoscopic Management of Post-Liver Transplant Biliary Complications
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Hyun Woo Lee, Najmul Hassan Shah, Sung Koo Lee
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Clin Endosc 2017;50(5):451-463. Published online April 17, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2016.139
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Abstract
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- Biliary complications are the most common post-liver transplant (LT) complications with an incidence of 15%–45%. Furthermore, such complications are reported more frequently in patients who undergo a living-donor LT (LDLT) compared to a deceased-donor LT (DDLT). Most post-LT biliary complications involve biliary strictures, bile leakage, and biliary stones, although many rarer events, such as hemobilia and foreign bodies, contribute to a long list of related conditions. Endoscopic treatment of post-LT biliary complications has evolved rapidly, with new and effective tools improving both outcomes and success rates; in fact, the latter now consistently reach up to 80%. In this regard, conventional endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) remains the preferred initial treatment. However, percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy (PTCS) is now central to the management of endoscopy-resistant cases involving complex hilar or multiple strictures with associated stones. Many additional endoscopic tools and techniques—such as the rendezvous method, magnetic compression anastomosis (MCA), and peroral cholangioscopy (POCS)—combined with modified biliary stents have significantly improved the success rate of endoscopic management. Here, we review the current status of endoscopic treatment of post-LT biliary complications and discuss conventional as well as the aforementioned new tools and techniques.
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