Original Article
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Bowel preparation for small bowel capsule endoscopy: standard regimen with 2 L polyethylene glycol versus 1 L polyethylene glycol plus ascorbate
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Riccardo Caccia, Alessandro Rimondi, Luca Elli, Matilde Topa, Flaminia Cavallaro, Carmine Gentile, Lucia Scaramella, Nicoletta Nandi, Reena Sidhu, Pinhas Eidler, Maurizio Vecchi, Gian Eugenio Tontini
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Received April 22, 2024 Accepted August 3, 2024 Published online January 2, 2025
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.097
[Epub ahead of print]
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- Background
/Aims: Optimization of bowel preparation for small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) is debated. Guidelines recommend 2 L of iso-osmolar polyethylene glycol (PEG) to improve SBCE visibility. We compared the efficacy of the standard 2 L PEG solution with a 1 L PEG plus ascorbate (PEG-ASC) preparation, which has already been established for large-bowel preparation.
Methods
Between October 2020 and February 2022, patients undergoing SBCE were assigned to receive 2 L PEG or 1 L PEG-ASC bowel preparation on an even- or odd-day basis. Bowel cleanliness was evaluated using the small bowel mucosal visibility scoring system (SBMVSS).
Results
Following propensity score matching using a random forest method, two comparable populations of patients treated with 2 L PEG (n=74, male 41%, 53±17 years) and 1 L PEG-ASC (n=74, male 42%, 55±21 years) were obtained from the original cohort of 221 consecutive SBCE patients. Our results showed a trend towards more frequent adequate mucosal visibility with 1 L PEG-ASC compared to 2 L PEG (small bowel mucosal visibility ≥2 in all three small bowel tertiles, p=0.07), as per the SBMVSS score. No significant differences were observed in the diagnostic yield (p=1.00), visibility score=9 (p=0.85), SBCE completeness (p=0.33), or adequate mucosal visibility in each tertile (p=0.61, p=0.74, and p=0.70 for the first, second, and third tertiles, respectively).
Conclusions
Our study suggests the non-inferiority of the 1 L PEG-ASC solution over the standard 2 L PEG for SBCE preparation.
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
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One-day low-residue diet is equally effective as the multiple-day low-residue diet in achieving adequate bowel cleansing: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
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Raeni Dwi Putri, Fiki Amalia, Festy Aldina Utami, Yunisa Pamela, Mas Rizky A.A. Syamsunarno
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Clin Endosc 2025;58(1):63-76. Published online December 12, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.061
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- Background
/Aims: Colonoscopy is widely used as a diagnostic and preventive procedure for colorectal diseases. The most recent guidelines advocate the use of a low-residue diet (LRD) for bowel preparation before colonoscopy. LRD duration varies considerably, with recommended 1-day and multiple-day regimens in clinical practice.
Methods
We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched multiple databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and analyzed the outcomes using a fixed-effects model.
Results
Six RCTs with 2,469 subjects were included in this study. The rates of adequate bowel preparation for 1-day and >1-day were 87.2% and 87.1%, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed between the 1-day and >1-day LRD in adequate bowel preparation (odds ratio [OR], 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76–1.41; p=0.84; I2=0%), polyp detection rate (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.76–1.09; p=0.29; I2=16%), adenoma detection rate (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.71–1.08; p=0.21; I2=0%), and withdrawal time (mean difference, –0.01; 95% CI, –0.25 to 0.24; p=0.97; I2=63%).
Conclusions
The efficacy of 1-day and multiple-day LRD is comparable in achieving satisfactory bowel preparation, highlighting their similar impact on the detection of polyps and adenomas during colonoscopy.
Original Articles
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Comparison of Oral Sulfate Solution and Polyethylene Glycol Plus Ascorbic Acid on the Efficacy of Bowel Preparation
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Ji Hyung Nam, Seok Bo Hong, Yun Jeong Lim, Seongju Lee, Hyoun Woo Kang, Jae Hak Kim, Jin Ho Lee
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Clin Endosc 2020;53(5):568-574. Published online April 24, 2020
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2019.209
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- Background
/Aims: The quality of bowel preparation is one of the quality indicators for colonoscopy. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of oral sulfate solution (OSS) and polyethylene glycol plus ascorbic acid (PEG-AA) for bowel preparation.
Methods
The study involved 167 patients who underwent diagnostic colonoscopies. Inadequate bowel preparation was defined as any score of ≤1 in each colon section based on the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale. Multivariate logistic regression was used to compare the efficacy of OSS and PEG-AA. Subgroup analyses were performed based on patient characteristics.
Results
Overall, 106 (63.5%) patients received OSS, and 61 (36.5%) patients received PEG-AA. The rate of inadequate bowel preparation was 12.3% in patients receiving OSS and 32.8% in patients receiving PEG-AA (p=0.001). OSS (odds ratio [OR] = 0.26; p=0.003) and morning examination (OR=0.11; p=0.038) were significantly associated with efficient bowel preparation. The efficacy of OSS compared with PEG-AA was only significant in patients ≥50 years of age vs. <50 years of age (OR=0.13; p=0.001 vs. OR=0.96; p=0.959) and female vs. male patients (OR=0.06; p=0.002 vs. OR=0.58; p=0.339).
Conclusions
OSS was significantly more efficient for bowel preparation than PEG-AA, especially in patients ≥50 years of age and female patients. Morning examination led to a good quality of bowel preparation, irrespective of the preparation regimen.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Efficacy of Oral Sulfate Tablet and 2 L-Polyethylene Glycol With Ascorbic Acid for Bowel Preparation: A Prospective Randomized KASID Multicenter Trial
Yunho Jung, Hyun Gun Kim, Dong-Hoon Yang, Hyoun Woo Kang, Jae Jun Park, Dong Hoon Baek, Jaeyoung Chun, Tae-Geun Gweon, Hyeon Jeong Goong, Min Seob Kwak, Hyun Jung Lee, Soo-Kyung Park, Jong Hoon Lee
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Observation of the application effect of low-volume polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution (PEG-ELS) combined with ascorbic acid tablets in bowel preparation for colonoscopy in hospitalized patients
Le-Can Wu, En-Dian Zheng, Hao-Yue Sun, Xi-Zhou Lin, Ju-Yi Pan, Xiao-Xiao Lin
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Comparison of the efficacy and safety of an oral sulfate solution and 3-L polyethylene glycol on bowel preparation before colonoscopy: a phase III multicenter randomized controlled trial
Peng Pan, Shengbing Zhao, Shuling Wang, Yihang Song, Lun Gu, Youxiang Chen, Jiangrong Zhao, Lungen Lu, Xiuling Li, Hongzhi Xu, Gaifang Liu, Yanqing Li, Le Xu, Jiangbin Wang, Zhaoshen Li, Yu Bai
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2023; 98(6): 977. CrossRef - Randomized trial of oral sulfate solution versus polyethylene glycol–ascorbic acid for bowel cleansing in elderly people
Seung‐Joo Nam, Sung Chul Park, Sung Joon Lee, Sang Hoon Lee, Ji Hyun Kim, Chang Seok Bang, Hyun Il Seo
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2022; 37(2): 319. CrossRef - Comparison of 2 L Polyethylene Glycol Plus Ascorbic Acid and 4 L Polyethylene Glycol in Elderly Patients Aged 60–79: A Prospective Randomized Study
Sung Hoon Jung, Chul-Hyun Lim, Tae-Geun Gweon, Jinsu Kim, Jung Hwan Oh, Kyu-Tae Yoon, Jee Young An, Jeong‑Seon Ji, Hwang Choi
Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2022; 67(10): 4841. CrossRef - Oral sulfate solution benefits polyp and adenoma detection during colonoscopy: Meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Cheng Chen, Mengyang Shi, Zhongli Liao, Weiqing Chen, Yongzhong Wu, Xu Tian
Digestive Endoscopy.2022; 34(6): 1121. CrossRef - Efficacy, safety and tolerability of oral sulphate tablet for bowel preparation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A multicentre randomized controlled study
Kyeong Ok Kim, Eun Young Kim, Yoo Jin Lee, Hyun Seok Lee, Eun Soo Kim, Yun Jin Chung, Byung Ik Jang, Sung Kook Kim, Chang Heon Yang
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis.2022; 16(11): 1706. CrossRef - How to Choose the Optimal Bowel Preparation Regimen for Colonoscopy
Ji Eun Na, Eun Ran Kim
The Ewha Medical Journal.2021; 44(4): 122. CrossRef - Oral Sulfate Solution is as Effective as 2 L Polyethylene Glycol Plus Ascorbic Acid
Sung Hyun Shin, Kwang An Kwon
Clinical Endoscopy.2020; 53(5): 503. CrossRef
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The Efficacy of 4 Liters of Clear Liquids for Small Bowel Preparation Prior to Video Capsule Endoscopy
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Nicholas Placone, Runalia Bahar, Surinder Mann
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Clin Endosc 2020;53(6):713-718. Published online March 31, 2020
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2019.213
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- Background
/Aims: Optimal small bowel (SB) preparation for video capsule endoscopy (VCE) is controversial. Our study aimed to support the use of a specified volume of 4 liters of clear liquids for bowel preparation for VCE.
Methods
A retrospective review of 284 patients who underwent SB preparation with 2 liters of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and 284 patients who had 4 liters of clear liquid preparation. We analyzed image quality, endoscopic findings, completion rate, and transit times.
Results
The 4-liter clear liquid group had significantly higher mean image quality scores when compared to the PEG group (2.908±0.77 to 2.669±0.64, p<0.0001), as well as more studies with adequate preparation (72% to 64%, p=0.0214). Although the PEG group had more endoscopic findings on VCE (40% to 23%, p<0.0001), there was a significant difference in the indications for the procedure between the groups. There was no difference in the capsule completion rate or SB transit time.
Conclusions
Our data demonstrate significantly higher mean image quality scores when using a specified volume of 4 liters of clear liquid compared to 2 liters of PEG. This study supports the growing evidence of the effectiveness of a 4-liter clear liquid SB preparation as opposed to PEG for VCE.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Small bowel cleansing for capsule endoscopy, systematic review and meta- analysis: Timing is the real issue
Clelia Marmo, Maria Elena Riccioni, Marco Pennazio, Giulio Antonelli, Cristiano Spada, Guido Costamagna
Digestive and Liver Disease.2023; 55(4): 454. CrossRef - Disease surveillance evaluation of primary small-bowel follicular lymphoma using capsule endoscopy images based on a deep convolutional neural network (with video)
Akihiko Sumioka, Akiyoshi Tsuboi, Shiro Oka, Yusuke Kato, Yuka Matsubara, Issei Hirata, Hidehiko Takigawa, Ryo Yuge, Fumio Shimamoto, Tomohiro Tada, Shinji Tanaka
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C. MacLeod, R. Oliphant, J. G. Docherty, A. J. M. Watson
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Xianhui Zeng, Liansong Ye, Jianrong Liu, Xianglei Yuan, Shan Jiang, Minghui Huang, Xiujiang Huang, Chengwei Tang, Bing Hu
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2021; 94(4): 795. CrossRef - Bowel Preparation for Small Bowel Capsule Endoscopy: Is There Still a Role for Polyethylene Glycol?
Paul Collins, Neil Haslam, Anthony Morris, Thomas Skouras, Ashley Bond
Journal of Digestive Endoscopy.2020; 11(03): 215. CrossRef - Capsule endoscopy – Recent developments and future directions.
Stefania Zammit Chetcuti, Reena Sidhu
Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef - Ideal Method for Small Bowel Preparation before Video Capsule Endoscopy
Jun Lee, Shai Friedland
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Effect of Sending Educational Video Clips via Smartphone Mobile Messenger on Bowel Preparation before Colonoscopy
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Sung Chan Jeon, Jae Hyun Kim, Sun Jung Kim, Hye Jung Kwon, Youn Jung Choi, Kyoungwon Jung, Sung Eun Kim, Won Moon, Moo In Park, Seun Ja Park
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Clin Endosc 2019;52(1):53-58. Published online August 29, 2018
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2018.072
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- Background
/Aim: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of sending educational video clips via smartphone mobile messenger (SMM) on enhancing bowel preparation before colonoscopy.
Methods
This was a prospective, endoscopist-blinded, randomized controlled study. Patients in the SMM group received two video clips sent via SMM that explained the diet and regimen for bowel preparation, whereas those in the control group did not receive any video clips. We compared the quality of bowel preparation between the two groups, which was assessed by an endoscopist using the Ottawa scale.
Results
Between August and November 2014, 140 patients in the SMM group and 141 patients in the control group underwent colonoscopic examination. The total Ottawa score of the SMM group was significantly lower than that of the control group (5.47±1.74 vs. 5.97±1.78, p=0.018). These results were particularly prominent in the younger age group; the total Ottawa score of patents in the SMM group aged <40 years was significantly lower than that of patients in the control group aged <40 years (5.10±1.55 vs. 6.22±2.33, p=0.034).
Conclusions
We demonstrated that sending educational video clips via SMM could result in better bowel preparation, especially in the younger age group.
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Citations
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Review
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Predictors of Inadequate Bowel Preparation and Salvage Options on Colonoscopy
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Ju Sung Sim, Ja Seol Koo
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Clin Endosc 2016;49(4):346-349. Published online July 29, 2016
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2016.094
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- Inadequate bowel preparation is observed in more than 25% of all colonoscopies. Identification of predictive factors for inadequate colon cleaning is helpful and more detailed preparation methods should be used for patients at high risk. Age, male sex, inpatient status, and comorbidities were identified as independent risk factors in several previous studies. In patients with insufficient colon preparation, colon irrigation with endoscopic pumps or next-day colonoscopy following further bowel cleaning should be performed. In order to improve the efficacy and safety of both bowel preparation and colonoscopy, the endoscopic team should identify the patient’s medical conditions and choose the optimal bowel preparation agent and regimen.
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Original Article
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A Single-Center Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating Timing of Preparation for Capsule Enteroscopy
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Katherine R. Black, Wiley Truss, Cynthia I. Joiner, Shajan Peter, Frederick H. Weber
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Clin Endosc 2015;48(3):234-238. Published online May 29, 2015
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2015.48.3.234
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Abstract
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- Background/Aims
Intestinal lavage (IL) administration immediately before capsule enteroscopy (CE) is superior to lavage the day before the procedure. We aimed to determine the effect of IL timing on CE diagnostic yield.
MethodsPatients referred for CE were randomized prospectively into two equal groups according to the timing of IL with 2 L of polyethylene glycol solution. Group A and B underwent IL over 2 hours beginning 14 and 4 hours, respectively, before the scheduled CE. The primary outcome measure was preparation quality, measured with a predetermined validated grading scale.
ResultsA total of 34 patients were randomized. The frequency of mucosal abnormalities (77% vs. 82%, p=not significant [NS]) and diagnostic yield (47% vs. 53%, p=NS) were similar between the two groups. Moreover, no significant association between the quality of small bowel preparation and the timing at which the purgative for IL was administered was observed (overall fluid transparency, p=0.936; overall mucosal invisibility, p=0.091).
ConclusionsDay-before IL is equivalent to same-day IL in terms of overall preparation quality, proportion of complete studies to cecum, small bowel transit time, frequency of identified mucosal abnormalities, and overall diagnostic yield.
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Citations
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- Preparation Regimens to Improve Capsule Endoscopy Visualization and Diagnostic Yield (PrepRICE): a multicenter randomized trial
Maria Manuela Estevinho, Mara Sarmento Costa, Rita Franco, Inês Pestana, Pedro Marílio Cardoso, Sara Archer, Maria Inês Canha, João Correia, Pedro Mesquita, Lídia Roque Ramos, Adélia Rodrigues, Catarina Gomes, Sandra Lopes, Rolando Pinho
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Review
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Guidelines for Bowel Preparation before Video Capsule Endoscopy
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Hyun Joo Song, Jeong Seop Moon, Jae Hyuk Do, In Hye Cha, Chang Hun Yang, Myung-Gyu Choi, Yoon Tae Jeen, Hyun Jung Kim
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Clin Endosc 2013;46(2):147-154. Published online March 31, 2013
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2013.46.2.147
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Abstract
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The preparation for video capsule endoscopy (VCE) of the bowel suggested by manufacturers of capsule endoscopy systems consists only of a clear liquid diet and an 8-hour fast. While there is evidence for a benefit from bowel preparation for VCE, so far there is no domestic consensus on the preparation regimen in Korea. Therefore, we performed this study to recommend guidelines for bowel preparation before VCE. The guidelines on VCE were developed by the Korean Gut Image Study Group, part of the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Four key questions were selected. According to our guidelines, bowel preparation with polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution enhances small bowel visualization quality (SBVQ) and diagnostic yield (DY), but it has no effect on cecal completion rate (CR). Bowel preparation with 2 L of PEG solution is similar to that with 4 L of PEG in terms of the SBVQ, DY, and CR of VCE. Bowel preparation with fasting or PEG solution combined with simethicone enhances the SBVQ, but it does not affect the CR of VCE. Bowel preparation with prokinetics does not enhance the SBVQ, DY, or CR of VCE.
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Original Article
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The Effect of the Bowel Preparation Status on the Risk of Missing Polyp and Adenoma during Screening Colonoscopy: A Tandem Colonoscopic Study
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Sung Noh Hong, In Kyung Sung, Jeong Hwan Kim, Won Hyeok Choe, Byung Kook Kim, Soon Young Ko, Jung Hyun Lee, Dong Choon Seol, Su Young Ahn, Sun-Young Lee, Hyung Seok Park, Chan Sup Shim
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Clin Endosc 2012;45(4):404-411. Published online November 30, 2012
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2012.45.4.404
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Abstract
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- Background/Aims
Although a small amount of fecal material can obscure significant colorectal lesions, it has not been well documented whether bowel preparation status affects the missing risk of colorectal polyps and adenomas during a colonoscopy.
MethodsWe prospectively enrolled patients with one to nine colorectal polyps and at least one adenoma of >5 mm in size at the screening colonoscopy. Tandem colonoscopy with polypectomy was carried out within 3 months.
ResultsA total of 277 patients with 942 polyps and 714 adenomas completed index and tandem examinations. At the index colonoscopy, 187 polyps (19.9%) and 127 adenomas (17.8%) were missed. The per-patient miss rate of polyps and adenomas increased significantly as the bowel cleansing rate declined from excellent to poor/inadequate on the Aronchick scale (polyps, p=0.024; adenomas, p=0.040). The patients with poor/inadequate bowel preparation were independently associated with an increased risk of having missed polyps (odds ratio [OR], 3.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13 to 9.15) or missed adenomas (OR, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.04 to 8.88) compared to the patients with excellent bowel preparation.
ConclusionsThe risk of missing polyps and adenomas during screening colonoscopy is significantly affected by bowel preparation status. It seems appropriate to shorten the colonoscopy follow-up interval for patients with suboptimal bowel preparation.
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Clinical Endoscopy.2020; 53(5): 568. CrossRef - Relationship between serrated polyps and synchronous and metachronous advanced neoplasia: A retrospective study
En‐Wei Tao, Yong Feng Wang, Tian Hui Zou, Yun Cui, Ying Xuan Chen, Qin Yan Gao
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Journal of Clinical Medicine.2020; 9(10): 3286. CrossRef - Bowel preparation for colonoscopy
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Ji Young Chang, Chang Mo Moon, Hyun Jung Lee, Hyo-Joon Yang, Yunho Jung, Sang Wook Kim, Sung-Ae Jung, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Frank T. Kolligs
PLOS ONE.2018; 13(4): e0195709. CrossRef - A novel summary report of colonoscopy: timeline visualization providing meaningful colonoscopy video information
Minwoo Cho, Jee Hyun Kim, Hyoun Joong Kong, Kyoung Sup Hong, Sungwan Kim
International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2018; 33(5): 549. CrossRef - The use of chromoendoscopy for surveillance of inflammatory bowel disease
Gary R. Lichtenstein, Michael F. Picco, Sanjeev Solomon, Stephen J. Bickston
VideoGIE.2018; 3(2): 35. CrossRef - Readability of information on colonoscopy preparation on the internet
Sarah A. MacLean, Corey H Basch, Ashley Clark, Charles E Basch
Health Promotion Perspectives.2018; 8(2): 167. CrossRef - Adenoma miss rate determined by very shortly repeated colonoscopy
Cheng-Long Wang, Zhi-Ping Huang, Kai Chen, Fei-Hu Yan, Liang-Liang Zhu, Yong-Qi Shan, Yong-Jun-Yi Gao, Bai-Rong Li, Hao Wang, En-Da Yu, Zi-Ye Zhao
Medicine.2018; 97(38): e12297. CrossRef - Impact of Video Aid on Quality of Bowel Preparation Among Patients Undergoing Outpatient Screening Colonoscopy
Sanna Fatima, Deepanshu Jain, Christopher Hibbard
Clinical Medicine Insights: Gastroenterology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef - Frequency and Characteristics of Interval Colorectal Cancer in Actual Clinical Practice: A KASID Multicenter Study
Kyeong Ok Kim, Kyu Chan Huh, Sung Pil Hong, Won Hee Kim, Hyuk Yoon, Sang Wook Kim, Yeon Soo Kim, Jong Ha Park, Jun Lee, Bum Jae Lee, Young Sook Park
Gut and Liver.2018; 12(5): 537. CrossRef - Risk factors of missed colorectal lesions after colonoscopy
Jeonghun Lee, Sung Won Park, You Sun Kim, Kyung Jin Lee, Hyun Sung, Pil Hun Song, Won Jae Yoon, Jeong Seop Moon
Medicine.2017; 96(27): e7468. CrossRef - Enhanced education for bowel preparation before colonoscopy: A state‐of‐the‐art review
Zhu Liu, Ming Ming Zhang, Yue Yue Li, Li Xiang Li, Yan Qing Li
Journal of Digestive Diseases.2017; 18(2): 84. CrossRef - Polyp missing rate and its associated risk factors of referring hospitals for endoscopic resection of advanced colorectal neoplasia
Jae Gyu Shin, Hyung Wook Kim, Su Bum Park, Cheol Woong Choi, Dae Hwan Kang, Su Jin Kim, Hyeong Seok Nam, Dae Gon Ryu
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Alaa Alghamry, Sureshkumar K Ponnuswamy, Aditya Agarwal, Hadi Moattar, Stephanie T Yerkovich, Ann E Vandeleur, James Thomas, John Croese, Tony Rahman, Ruth Hodgson
Journal of Digestive Diseases.2017; 18(3): 160. CrossRef - Miss rate of colorectal neoplastic polyps and risk factors for missed polyps in consecutive colonoscopies
Nam Hee Kim, Yoon Suk Jung, Woo Shin Jeong, Hyo-Joon Yang, Soo-Kyung Park, Kyuyong Choi, Dong Il Park
Intestinal Research.2017; 15(3): 411. CrossRef - Training in Endoscopy: Colonoscopy
Hyun Joo Jang
Clinical Endoscopy.2017; 50(4): 322. CrossRef - Effect of Low-Volume Split-Dose Purgative on the Quality of Bowel Prep for Colonoscopy on the Hospitalized Patient
Judy A. Corliss
Gastroenterology Nursing.2017; 40(6): 448. CrossRef - Quantification of Adequate Bowel Preparation for Screening or Surveillance Colonoscopy in Men
Brian T. Clark, Petr Protiva, Anil Nagar, Avlin Imaeda, Maria M. Ciarleglio, Yanhong Deng, Loren Laine
Gastroenterology.2016; 150(2): 396. CrossRef - A novel quality scoring system for the evaluation of individual colonoscopy: A multicenter retrospective study
Qiang Zhan, Li Xiang, Xinhua Zhao, Shengli An, Yadong Wang, Yangzhi Xu, Aimin Li, Wei Gong, Yang Bai, Yali Zhang, Side Liu
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2016; 31(1): 172. CrossRef - Providing Hospitalized Patients With an Educational Booklet Increases the Quality of Colonoscopy Bowel Preparation
William F. Ergen, Trisha Pasricha, Francie J. Hubbard, Tina Higginbotham, Tonya Givens, James C. Slaughter, Keith L. Obstein
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2016; 14(6): 858. CrossRef - Izinova®, nouvelle préparation orale à diluer pour lavage colique
Acta Endoscopica.2016; 46(1-2): 74. CrossRef - Factors associated with colorectal cancer occurrence after colonoscopy that did not diagnose colorectal cancer
Danny Cheung, Felicity Evison, Prashant Patel, Nigel Trudgill
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2016; 84(2): 287. CrossRef - Impact of bowel preparation type on the quality of colonoscopy: a multicenter community-based study
Daniel Martin, Saqib Walayat, Zohair Ahmed, Sonu Dhillon, Carl V. Asche, Srinivas Puli, Jinma Ren
Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Pe.2016; 6(2): 31074. CrossRef - Comparative Study on Bowel Preparation Efficacy of Ascorbic Acid Containing Polyethylene Glycol by Adding Either Simethicone or 1 L of Water in Health Medical Examination Patients: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study
Se Hwan Yeo, Jae Hoon Kwak, Yeo Un Kim, Tae Ho Kwon, Jeong Bae Park, Jun Hyung Park, Yong Kook Lee, Yun Jeong Lim, Chang Heon Yang
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2016; 67(4): 189. CrossRef - Advanced colonic neoplasia in the first degree relatives of colon cancer patients: A colonoscopy‐based study
Hamideh Salimzadeh, Faraz Bishehsari, Mohammad Amani, Reza Ansari, Masoud Sotoudeh, Alireza Delavari, Reza Malekzadeh
International Journal of Cancer.2016; 139(10): 2243. CrossRef - Video on Diet Before Outpatient Colonoscopy Does Not Improve Quality of Bowel Preparation: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Sean C Rice, Tina Higginbotham, Melanie J Dean, James C Slaughter, Patrick S Yachimski, Keith L Obstein
American Journal of Gastroenterology.2016; 111(11): 1564. CrossRef - Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Bowel Preparation on Adenoma Detection: Early Adenomas Affected Stronger than Advanced Adenomas
Michael C. Sulz, Arne Kröger, Meher Prakash, Christine N. Manser, Henriette Heinrich, Benjamin Misselwitz, Irving Coy Allen
PLOS ONE.2016; 11(6): e0154149. CrossRef - Seeing better - Evidence based recommendations on optimizing colonoscopy adenoma detection rate
Javier Aranda-Hernández
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2016; 22(5): 1767. CrossRef - Predictors of Inadequate Inpatient Colonoscopy Preparation and Its Association with Hospital Length of Stay and Costs
Rena Yadlapati, Elyse R. Johnston, Dyanna L. Gregory, Jody D. Ciolino, Andrew Cooper, Rajesh N. Keswani
Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2015; 60(11): 3482. CrossRef - Endoscopists with low adenoma detection rates benefit from high-definition endoscopy
Elisabeth Waldmann, Martha Britto-Arias, Irina Gessl, Georg Heinze, Petra Salzl, Daniela Sallinger, Michael Trauner, Werner Weiss, Arnulf Ferlitsch, Monika Ferlitsch
Surgical Endoscopy.2015; 29(2): 466. CrossRef - Preparación para colonoscopia. ¿Algún avance significativo en el horizonte?
Liseth Rivero-Sánchez, María Pellisé
Gastroenterología y Hepatología.2015; 38(4): 287. CrossRef - Risk factors for polyp retrieval failure in colonoscopy
Carlos Fernandes, Rolando Pinho, Iolanda Ribeiro, Joana Silva, Ana Ponte, João Carvalho
United European Gastroenterology Journal.2015; 3(4): 387. CrossRef - Impact of the Quality of Bowel Cleansing on the Efficacy of Colonic Cancer Screening: A Prospective, Randomized, Blinded Study
Jürgen Pohl, Marc Halphen, Hans Rudolf Kloess, Wolfgang Fischbach, John Green
PLOS ONE.2015; 10(5): e0126067. CrossRef - Electrolyte changes after bowel preparation for colonoscopy: A randomized controlled multicenter trial
Kyong Joo Lee
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2015; 21(10): 3041. CrossRef - Improved bowel preparation increases polyp detection and unmasks significant polyp miss rate
Ioannis S Papanikolaou
World Journal of Clinical Cases.2015; 3(10): 880. CrossRef - Factors Influencing the Miss Rate of Polyps in a Tandem Colonoscopy Study
Han Na Choi, Hyun Hee Kim, Jang Seok Oh, Hee Sang Jang, Hyun Sik Hwang, Eun Young Kim, Joong Goo Kwon, Jin Tae Jung
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2014; 64(1): 24. CrossRef - Optimizing adequacy of bowel cleansing for colonoscopy: recommendations from the U.S. Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer
David A. Johnson, Alan N. Barkun, Larry B. Cohen, Jason A. Dominitz, Tonya Kaltenbach, Myriam Martel, Douglas J. Robertson, C. Richard Boland, Frances M. Giardello, David A. Lieberman, Theodore R. Levin, Douglas K. Rex
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2014; 80(4): 543. CrossRef - Optimizing Adequacy of Bowel Cleansing for Colonoscopy: Recommendations From the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer
David A Johnson, Alan N Barkun, Larry B Cohen, Jason A Dominitz, Tonya Kaltenbach, Myriam Martel, Douglas J Robertson, Richard C Boland, Frances M Giardello, David A Lieberman, Theodore R Levin, Douglas K Rex
American Journal of Gastroenterology.2014; 109(10): 1528. CrossRef - Optimizing Adequacy of Bowel Cleansing for Colonoscopy: Recommendations From the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer
David A. Johnson, Alan N. Barkun, Larry B. Cohen, Jason A. Dominitz, Tonya Kaltenbach, Myriam Martel, Douglas J. Robertson, C. Richard Boland, Frances M. Giardello, David A. Lieberman, Theodore R. Levin, Douglas K. Rex
Gastroenterology.2014; 147(4): 903. CrossRef - Importance of the Time Interval between Bowel Preparation and Colonoscopy in Determining the Quality of Bowel Preparation for Full-Dose Polyethylene Glycol Preparation
Tae Kyung Kim, Hyung Wook Kim, Su Jin Kim, Jong Kun Ha, Hyung Ha Jang, Young Mi Hong, Su Bum Park, Cheol Woong Choi, Dae Hwan Kang
Gut and Liver.2014; 8(6): 625. CrossRef - The effect of different patient education methods on quality of bowel cleanliness in outpatients receiving colonoscopy examination
Feng-Chi Hsueh, Han-Chih Wang, Chien-An Sun, Chia-Chen Tseng, Tung-Chen Han, Szu-Mei Hsiao, Cheng-Yu Wei, Chien-Hua Chen, Tsan Yang
Applied Nursing Research.2014; 27(2): e1. CrossRef - Rural–urban differences in the long-term risk of colorectal cancer after adenoma removal: A population-based study
Isabelle Fournel, Vanessa Cottet, Christine Binquet, Valérie Jooste, Jean Faivre, Anne-Marie Bouvier, Claire Bonithon-Kopp
Digestive and Liver Disease.2014; 46(4): 376. CrossRef - What Are the Factors Influencing the Miss Rate of Polyps in a Tandem Colonoscopic Study?
Young-Eun Joo
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2014; 64(1): 1. CrossRef - Prerequisites of Colonoscopy
Kyong Hee Hong, Yun Jeong Lim
Clinical Endoscopy.2014; 47(4): 324. CrossRef - Colonoscopy quality improvement: practice to public health
James M. Richter
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2013; 78(6): 919. CrossRef - Recommended Intervals Between Screening and Surveillance Colonoscopies
Todd H. Baron, Thomas C. Smyrk, Douglas K. Rex
Mayo Clinic Proceedings.2013; 88(8): 854. CrossRef - Clinical Practice of Surveillance Colonoscopy according to the Classification of Colorectal Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Korea: High-grade Dysplasia/CarcinomaIn SituVersus Intramucosal Carcinoma
Sung Pil Hong, Tae Il Kim, Hyun Gun Kim, Hyun-Soo Kim, Seong-Eun Kim, Kyu Chan Huh, Jeong Eun Shin, Jae Myung Cha, Suck-Ho Lee
Intestinal Research.2013; 11(4): 276. CrossRef - Inadequate Bowel Preparation Increases Missed Polyps
Hyung Wook Kim
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Hyponatremic Encephalopathy Following a Sulfate Free Polyethylene Glycol-based Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopy
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Kyung Sun Ok, M.D., You Sun Kim, M.D., Won Cheol Jang, M.D., Tae Yeob Jeong, M.D., Jin Gook Huh, M.D., Soo Hyung Ryu, M.D., Jung Hwan Lee, M.D. and Jeong Seop Moon, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;37(4):303-307. Published online October 30, 2008
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- Hyponatremia associated with the use of both a sodium phosphate (NaP) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution for colonoscopy preparation has been reported in patients with impaired renal handling of water. A PEG solution is believed to affect serum electrolytes less than NaP, but the use of a PEG solution can lead to nausea, vomiting, intestinal hyperactivity and dehydration, often resulting in a raised plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) concentration. Non-osmolar stimuli such as pain, stress, nausea, and vomiting can stimulate ADH release. We report a case of severe hyponatremic encephalopathy after sulfate-free PEG ingestion for a colonoscopy in a healthy middle-aged woman. We think that physicians should be familiar with the medical history and current medication schedule of patients prior to bowel preparation. The levels of serum electrolytes should be checked in patients with impaired ability to excrete free water and any mental aberrations before undertaking colonoscopy procedures. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;37:303-307)
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A Prospective Trial Comparing 4 L-Polyethylene Glycol with 2 L-Polyethylene Glycol Plus Bisacodyl Tablets for Colon Preparation
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Min-Jung Kang, M.D., Sung-Ae Jung, M.D., Ji Min Jung, M.D., Hyun Joo Song, M.D., Seong-Eun Kim, M.D., Hye-Kyung Jung, M.D., Ki-Nam Shim, M.D., Kwon Yoo, M.D. and Il-Hwan Moon, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;37(3):167-173. Published online September 30, 2008
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/Aims: The aim of the study was to prospectively compare low-volume PEG plus 20 mg bisacodyl with the standard 4 L PEG with regards to the adequacy of bowel preparation, patient compliance and the side effects. Methods: From September 2007 to January 2008, 59 patients who had previously undergone screening colonoscopy with 4 L PEG and had been diagnosed with colonic polyps were admitted for polypectomy. The colonoscopists, who were unaware of the preparation that was administered, evaluated the adequacy of the bowel cleansing. Detailed questionnaires were also used to assess patient compliance, the difficulty of bowel preparation, side effects and patient preference. Results: The physician's evaluation of the colon cleansing showed better adequacy with 4 L PEG than with 2 L PEG plus bisacodyl (p<0.05). There was no difference in patient compliance between the 2 bowel preps. The patients in the 2 L PEG plus bisacodyl group tolerated the bowel preparation more easily than the patients in the 4 L PEG (81.4% vs. 15.3%, respectively). Moreover, the scores of the visual analog scale for the difficulty of bowel preparation were 5.8±2.3 in the 4 L PEG group and 3.2±1.9 in the 2 L PEG plus bisacodyl (p<0.01). The majority (89.8%) of the patients preferred 2 L PEG plus bisacodyl (p<0.001). The 2 L PEG plus bisacodyl group revealed less nausea, vomiting and sleep discomfort (p<0.05), but they had more abdominal pain (p<0.01). Conclusions: 2 L PEG plus bisacodyl is not as effective as the standard 4 L PEG for colon cleansing. However, 2 L PEG plus bisacodyl can be used for patients who have difficulty drinking a large amount of PEG. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;37:167-173)
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Endoscope-guide Infusion of Sodium Phosphate: A Novel Bowel Cleansing Method, Efficacy and Safety Comparisons with Polyethylene Glycol
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Kyu-Jong Kim, M.D., Seun Ja Park, M.D., Eun Kyung Shin, M.D., Jun Young Song, M.D., Do Hyun Kim, M.D., Sung Eun Kim, M.D., Won Moon, M.D. and Moo In Park, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;36(3):138-144. Published online March 30, 2008
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/Aims: Single full-dose oral sodium phosphate (NaP) on the examination day instead of a conventional divided-dose has been used in some patients to reduce burdens and sleep disturbance caused by bowel movement. However, this treatment may be inconvenient to some patients who are adversely affected by the full dose or its-related symptoms. This study compared the quality of bowel preparation, side effects, and patient's acceptance after a full-dose of NaP into the duodenum under an endoscopic examination and with those from conventional polyethylene glycol (PEG). Methods: A total of 60 admitted patients receiving both endoscopy and colonoscopy each day were divided randomly into two groups and given either PEG 4 L (n=33) or an endoscopic infusion of NaP 90 mL (n=27). Before and after the bowel preparation and 1 day later, the blood pressure, body weight, and serum biochemical parameters were measured. In addition, a detailed questionnaire was used to assess the patient's side effects. The quality of bowel cleansing was assessed by a single endoscopist who was blinded to the type of preparation used. Results: Although changes in the serum biochemical parameters (phosphate: increase, potassium: decrease) were observed in the NaP group, all were normalized after 1 day without side effects. There were significant difference in symptoms after the preparation, such as vomiting, but this was not serious. The suction volume was significantly lower in the NaP group. Conclusions: A duodenal infusion of NaP might be used as a new bowel cleansing method in patients having trouble with other procedures. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;36:138-144)
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Comparision of Single Versus Split-dose of Polyethylene Glycol-electrolyte Solution for Colonoscopy Preparation
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Sang Hoon Kim, M.D., Dong Il Park, M.D., Seung Ha Park, M.D., Hong Joo Kim, M.D., Yong Kyun Cho, M.D., In Kyung Sung, M.D., Chong Il Sohn, M.D., Woo Kyu Jeon, M.D. and Byung Ik Kim, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2005;30(4):194-198. Published online April 30, 2005
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/Aims: Although polyethethylene glycol (PEG) solution is widely used for bowel preparation, it is difficult to drink a large amount of fluid in a short period of time. We compared the quality of bowel preparation and compliance between the single-dose group and split-dose group. Methods: Two hundred seventeen patients undergoing outpatient colonoscopy were randomly assigned to receive either 4 litre (L) of PEG solution (n=104, single- dose group) on the day of colonoscopy or 2 L of PEG solution on the day before colonoscopy and then 2 L of same solution on the day of colonoscopy (n=113, split- dose group). The quality of bowel preparation was assessed using Ottawa scale. Cecal intubation time, compliance and side effects were assessed. Results: Split-dose group showed the better quality of bowel preparation than single-dose group (4.75⁑2.45 vs 5.52⁑2.24, p<0.05) because of lower residual volume scale. Patients who experienced very difficulty during ingestion (0.95% vs 5.8%) and left out more than 25% of PEG solution (3.5% vs 8.7%) were greater in single-dose group. There was no difference of side effects between two groups. Conclusions: Split-dose PEG preparation could be the useful method in than single-dose in colonoscopy preparation. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2005;30:194198)
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Effectiveness of Single-dose Sodium Phosphate on Bowel Preparation
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Kang-Wook Chung, M.D., Jin-Il Park, M.D., Jong-Hyuk Park, M.D., Do-Yeon Hwang, M.D., Hyung-Hwa Lee, M.D., Dong-Soo Lee, M.D., Dong-Hoon Kwack, M.D., Ji-Young Seo, M.D., Jae-Jin Jung, M.D., Young-Hak Lee, M.D., Young-Sung Kim, M.D. and Dong-Hyup Kwak, M.D
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2003;27(6):515-520. Published online December 30, 2003
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/Aims: Oral sodium phosphate has been shown to be effective and safe but causes intravascular volume contraction, changes in serum calcium and phopshate level, and sleep disturbance when given two doses every 12 hours. Because the evening dose is inconvenient for many patients, we gave single morning dose, and compared it with conventional 12-hour-split dose. Methods: Sixty one patients drank 90 mL of sodium phosphate at 7:00 AM and 58 patients drank 45 mL of sodium phosphate at 7:00 PM and 7:00 AM respectively. Results: There was no statistical difference in bowel cleansing between two groups (p=0.871). There was no significant difference in patient's tolerance and symptoms between two groups except sleep deprivation which was more frequent in the split dose group. None of the patients complained of postural dizziness or presyncope in both groups. Serum phosphate levels were increased and serum calcium levels were decreased after preparation in both groups, but patients showed no significant clinical symptoms such as tetany. Conclusion: This study suggests that giving a single morning dose of sodium phosphate is effective, well tolerated and safe in most patients for precolonoscopic cleansing, compared to conventional split dose of 12-hour interval. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2003;27:515520)
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대장내시경의 전처치에서 걷기 운동이 대장 청결도에 미치는 영향
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2001;23(5):349-349. Published online November 30, 2000
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대장 내시경 검사를 위한 전처치제로서의 Balanced Lavage Solution (Fortran )의 임상 성적 ( A Randomized Prospective Trial Comparing a New Polyethylene Glycol Based Lavage Solution with the Standard Polyethylene Glycol Solution in the Preparation of Patients Undergoing Colonoscopy (Clinical trial of new PEG solution in bowel preparation) )
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2000;20(3):171-176. Published online November 30, 1999
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/Aims: Adequate preparation of the bowel is essential for accurate colonoscopic examination. Standard polyethylene glycol solution had been used as a bowel cleansing premedication. But many patients dislike the taste and saltiness of the polyethylene glycol solution. Comparison has made between colonic preparation with a new polyethylene glycol based solution that reduced the salt content and added flavoring in attempt to improve the palatability and to encourage patient compliance with the standard polyethylene glycol solution. Methods: One hundred patients were randomized to receive either the new polyethylene glycol solution or the standard polyethylene glycol solution for their bowel cleansing preparation. Two gastroenterologists performing the colonoscopies were made unaware of the type of the preparation. The cleansing score and amount of residual fluids in each colonic segment was then evaluated. Results: There was no significant difference in the colonic cleansing score and amount of residual fluids between two groups. Patients' compliance was higher for the new polyethylene glycol solution group than for the standard polyethylene glycol group. There was no difference in side effects of bowel cleansing solutions. Conclusion: The new polyethylene glycol solution as a bowel cleansing method has a higher patient compliance rate and is as effective as the standard polyethylene glycol solution.
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대장내시경 전처치제로서 Sodium Phosphate 와 Polyethylene Glycol 용액의 전향적 비교 분석 ( A Prospective Endoscopic Blind Trial Comparing Precolonoscopy Bowel Cleansing Methods )
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1999;19(3):347-353. Published online November 30, 1998
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/Aims: Although some authors have suggested that sodium phosphate (NaP) is more effective than polyethylene glycol (PEG) in bowel cleansing, there has been no crossover study proving the superiority of NaP over PEG in bowel cleansing and patients' compliance. The aim of this study was to compare the two solutions for colonoscopy, PEG and NaP, through crossover design with regard to patients' compliance, cleansing ability and side effects. Methods: Thirty patients underwent two separate colonoscopies for colonic polyp(s) with PEG and NaP, respectively. Before and after bowel preparation, blood pressure, body weight, and serum biochemical parameters were measured in all patients. In addition, a detailed questionnaire was used to assess side effects and the patients' preference. The presence of bubbles, types of residual stool, and overall quality of colon cleansing were assessed by one endoscopist blinded to the type of preparation used. In each colonoscopy, two biopsy specimens were taken at rectum. Results: In the NaP group, but not in the PEG group, there were significant changes in several biochemical parameters including sodium ( +3.0 +- 3.0 mEq/L), potassium ( -0.3 +- 0.3mEq/L), calcium ( -0.5 +- 0.5 mg/dL), phosphorus ( +3.9 +- 2.2 mg/dL) and osmolarity ( +10.1 +- 9.3 mOsm/kg) after bowel preparation. In addition, the degree of body weight change was greater with NaP ( -2.2 +- 2.3 kg) than with PEG ( -1.2 +- 2.0 kg) (p=0.06) and the formation of bubbles that disturb luminal observation was more frequently found in the NaP group (p<0.01). There was no difference, however, in the type of residual stool and the overall quality of bowel preparation between the two groups and no significant mucosal change was noted after bowel preparation in both groups. Moreover, PEG was found to be more difficult to take than NaP (p<0.05) and among the 30 patients, 26 (87%) preferred NaP, while only two favored PEG (p<0.01). Conclusions: We conclude that NaP can replace PEG at least in patients with good general condition. Further studies to decrease the incidence of bubbles and to establish subgroups suitable for NaP are needed. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 19: 347∼353, 1999)
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원저 : 식도 위장관 ; 대장경 전처치제로서 Fleetⓡ 와 Colonlyteⓡ 의 비교 ( Original Articles : Esophagus , Stomach & Intestine ; A Comparison of Fleet with Colonlyteⓡ for Precolonoscopic Preparation )
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1997;17(4):494-500. Published online November 30, 1996
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Abstract
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- Backgronnd/Aims: Recent reports have suggested that precolonoscopy bowel preparation is easier to tolerate if a small volume solution is used. The aim of this study was to compare oral sodium phosphate with polyethylene glycol solution in terms of the quality of colon cleansing, ease of preparation, and gastrointestinal intolerance. Methods: Sixty one patients were prospectively randomized to receive either a standard 4-liter polyethylene glycol solution or a 90 ml oral sodium phosphate preparation. Before and after bowel preparation all patients were weighted, and serum electrolytes were measured. Patients were asked to record the effects of the preparation and to give it a "discomfort rating" on a scale from 1 to 5. Surgeons were blinded to the preparation used and rated the quality of bowel cleansing on a scale of 1 to 5. Results: The smaller volume of oral sodium phosphate was not associated with any clinically significant problem,caused no increase in the incidence of side effects, was preferred by patients, and was effective in colonic cleansing. The incidence of sleep disturbance, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, anal discomfort, chest pain, chilling and dizziness associated with oral sodium phosphate was similar to that with polyethylene glycol lavage. Abdominal distension was more common with polyethylene glycol lavage and statistical difference was seen(P<0.01). There were no clinically significant changes in any biochemical parameters and vital signs caused by precolonoscopic preparation except asymptomatic hyperphosphatemia in the sodium phosphate group that was not statistically different. The decreased body weight was seen with Colonlyte that was statistically different(P <0.01). Conclusion: The overall quality of bowel preparation with oral sodium phosphate was similar to that with polyethylene glycol lavage. Patients tolerated preparation with oral sodium phosphate to be somewhat easier than polyethylene glycol lavage. Therefore, we conclude that the use of oral sodium phosphate as a precolonoscopy bowel preparation is clinically useful. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 17: 494-500, 1997)