Clinical Endoscopy

Management of esophageal neoplasms by endoscopic submucosal dissection: experience over 100 consecutive procedures: Josué Aliaga Ramos, Yoshinori Morita, Takashi Toyonaga, Danilo Carvalho, Moises Salgado Pedrosa, Vitor N. Arantes; Clin Endosc 2023;56(5):613-622. Published online May 17, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2022.245

Background
/Aims: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is currently considered the first-line treatment for the eradication of superficial neoplasms of the esophagus in Eastern countries. However, in the West, particularly in Latin America, the experience with esophageal ESD is still limited because of the high technical complexity required for its execution. This study aimed to present the results of the clinical application of ESD to manage superficial esophageal neoplasms in a Latin American center in over 100 consecutive cases.
Methods
This retrospective study included consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic ESD for superficial esophageal neoplasms between 2009 and 2022. The following clinical outcomes were assessed: en bloc, complete, and curative resection rates, local recurrence, adverse events, and procedure-related mortality.
Results
Esophageal ESD was performed mainly for squamous cell carcinoma (66.6%), high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (17.1%), and adenocarcinoma (11.4%). En bloc and complete resection rates were 96.2% and 81.0%, respectively. The curative resection rate was 64.8%. Adverse events occurred in six cases (5.7%). Endoscopic follow-up was performed for an average period of 29.7 months.
Conclusions
ESD performed by trained operators is feasible, safe, and clinically effective for managing superficial neoplastic lesions of the esophagus in Latin America.

Citations

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Endoscopic treatment of esophageal high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia
Caifa Hong, Yawen Zheng
Asian Journal of Surgery.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

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Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Followed by Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Patients with Early Esophageal Cancer with a High Risk of Lymph Node Metastasis: Hee Kyung Kim, Weon Jin Ko, Chang-Il Kwon, Ga Won Song, In Kyun Yoo, Ji Hyun Song, Hak Su Kim, Joo Young Cho; Clin Endosc 2019;52(5):502-505. Published online May 14, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2018.176

Abstract PDF

Endoscopic submucosal dissection is recommended as an alternative therapy for early esophageal cancer. However, achieving curative resection in this procedure remains controversial since precise prediction of lymph node metastasis can be difficult. Here, we present the preliminary results of endoscopic submucosal dissection followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy for early esophageal cancer with a high risk of lymph node metastasis. From May 2006 to January 2014, six patients underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy after endoscopic submucosal dissection with a median follow-up period of 63 months. No complications were encountered during concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Although local recurrence did not occur in all patients, two patients were diagnosed with metachronous cancer. Overall, the survival rate was 100%. Thus, endoscopic submucosal dissection followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy may be a feasible treatment for early esophageal cancer in patients with a high risk of lymph node metastasis. Future prospective large-scale studies are warranted to confirm our results.

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Unveiling Therapeutic Targets for Esophageal Cancer: A Comprehensive Review
Rakesh Acharya, Ananya Mahapatra, Henu Kumar Verma, L. V. K. S. Bhaskar
Current Oncology.2023; 30(11): 9542. CrossRef
Editorial “Discrepancy Between the Clinical and Final Pathological Findings of Lymph Node Metastasis in Superficial Esophageal Cancer”
Rian M. Hasson, Joseph D. Phillips
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2019; 26(9): 2662. CrossRef

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New Diagnostic Approach for Esophageal Squamous Cell Neoplasms Using Linked Color Imaging and Blue Laser Imaging Combined with Iodine Staining: Masato Tsunoda, Yoshimasa Miura, Hiroyuki Osawa, Tsevelnorov Khurelbaatar, Mio Sakaguchi, Hisashi Fukuda, Alan Kawarai Lefor, Hironori Yamamoto; Clin Endosc 2019;52(5):497-501. Published online April 16, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2018.195

Abstract PDF

A 62-year-old man with a flat early esophageal cancer was referred for endoscopic treatment. White light imaging revealed a pale red lesion, whereas linked color imaging (LCI) and blue laser imaging (BLI) yielded purple and brown images, respectively. Iodine staining demonstrated a large unstained area with a homogenous but very weak pink-color sign. This area appeared more clearly as purple and green on LCI and BLI, respectively; however, a different colored portion was observed at the 4 o’clock position inside the iodineunstained area. Histopathology findings of the resected specimen revealed squamous intraepithelial neoplasia at the 4 o’clock position and an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the remaining iodine-unstained area. LCI and BLI combined with iodine staining produce characteristic images that overcomes the pink-color sign, reflecting the histological features of a flat esophageal neoplasm. This new method is useful for detailed evaluation of early flat squamous cell neoplasms.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Position statement of the World Endoscopy Organization: Role of endoscopy in screening, diagnosis, and treatment of esophageal superficial squamous neoplasiaia
Cesare Hassan, Giulio Antonelli, Philip Wai‐yan Chiu, Fabian Emura, Kenichi Goda, Prasad G. Iyer, Sameer Al Awadhi, Abed Al Lehibi, Vitor Arantes, Herbert Burgos, Cecilio L. Cerisoli, Sanford Dawsey, Peter Draganov, David Fleischer, Fernando Fluxá, Nicola
Digestive Endoscopy.2025; 37(5): 470. CrossRef
Linked color imaging vs Lugol chromoendoscopy for esophageal squamous cell cancer and precancerous lesion screening: A noninferiority study
Zi-Xin Wang, Long-Song Li, Song Su, Jin-Ping Li, Bo Zhang, Nan-Jun Wang, Sheng-Zhen Liu, Sha-Sha Wang, Shuai Zhang, Ya-Wei Bi, Fei Gao, Qun Shao, Ning Xu, Bo-Zong Shao, Yi Yao, Fang Liu, En-Qiang Linghu, Ning-Li Chai
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 29(12): 1899. CrossRef
Usefulness of linked color imaging in the early detection of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinomas
Koki Nakamura, Yuji Urabe, Shiro Oka, Naoko Nagasaki, Naoki Yorita, Kosaku Hata, Kazuhiko Masuda, Mio Kurihara, Takahiro Kotachi, Tomoyuki Boda, Shinji Tanaka, Kazuaki Chayama
Esophagus.2021; 18(1): 118. CrossRef
Inter‐observer variability of experts and trainees for the diagnosis of reflux esophagitis: Comparison of linked color imaging, blue laser imaging, and white light imaging
Sang Pyo Lee, Sea Hyub Kae, Hyun Joo Jang, Dong Hee Koh, Eun Suk Jung
Journal of Digestive Diseases.2021; 22(7): 425. CrossRef

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A Case of Photodynamic Therapy as a Curative Treatment of Early Esophageal Cancer: Chang Nyol Paik, M.D., Myung Gyu Choi, M.D., Kye Weol Kim, M.D., In Seok Lee, M.D., Jung Hwan Oh, M.D., Jae Myung Park, M.D., Joon Wook Lee, M.D., Yu Kyung Cho, M.D., Sang Woo Kim, M.D. and In Sik Chung, M.D.; Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2006;33(1):37-41. Published online July 30, 2006

Abstract PDF: Although the surgical treatment of early esophageal cancer is a well-known curative modality, less invasive endoscopic methods have attracted significant attention recently on account of the fewer postoperative complications, better quality of life and preservation of the integrity of the esophagus. Among the various endoscopic techniques employed, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used to allow the selective destruction of malignant tissue through a photochemical effect after the administration of a photosensitizer for curative and palliative treatment purposes. This report describes a case of a 73-year-old man with early esophageal cancer, which had been diagnosed by fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and endoscopy and a long history of chronic pulmonary diseases such as emphysema and radiation fibrosis. The patient was cured successfully with photodynamic therapy using porfimer sodium as the photosensitizer. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2006;33: 37⁣41)

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증례 : 침윤성 흉선종에 속발한 조기식도암 1예 ( Case Reports : A Case of Early Esophageal Cancer Associated with Invasive Thymoma ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1995;15(2):212-217. Published online November 30, 1994

Abstract PDF: Metachronous double cancer of primary early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and invasive thymoma is a very rare condition. The invasive thymoma had been detected during the myathenia gravis evaluation and treated by radiation therapy 5 years ago. The esophageal lesion had a nodular-surfaced flat elevation at the mid-esophagus that was found by esophagoscopy. Radical resection for the lesions was undertaken after histologic confirmation. Postoperative pathologic examination documented that the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was in the "early" stage involving the mucosal and submucosal layer only. We report a case of early esophageal cancer associated with invasive thyrnoma with literatures review.

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증례 : 식도 위장관 ; EEMR 튜브를 이용한 조기식도암의 근치적 절제 1예 ( Case Reports : Esophagus , Stomach & Intestine ; A Case of Early Esophageal Cancer Treated by Endoscopic Mucosal Resection Using a EEMR Tube ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1995;15(4):713-719. Published online November 30, 1994

Abstract PDF: Although esophageal cancer has been recognized as difficult to treat, its long-term survival statistics are significant lower than those of other gastrointestinal cancers, Postoperative 5-year survival of the early esophageal cancer which invasion is limited to the mucosa is close to 100%. So, early detection of esophageal cancer has been extremely significant. Progress in the endoscopic technique has enabled to make not only early detection but also curative endoscopic resection of the early esophageal cancers. The indication for curative endoscopic resection of esophageal cancer are as follows: mucosal cancer apart from gross invasion to the muscularis mucosae without nodal involvement and less than 2 cm * 2 cm in size of lesion. EEMR tube(endoscopic esophageal mucoaal resection tube), which was designed by Makuuchi in 1991, is widely used for resection of early esophageal cancers. We report a case of patient with early esophageal cancer, who was admitted due to complation of postprandial epigastric pain, diageosed by endoscopy, endoscopic ultra sonography and chest computerized tomography, and successfully resected by using EEMR tube. (Kar J Gastrointest Endosc 15: 713~ 718, 1995)

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