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Review
Undifferentiated-type early gastric cancer: from margin demarcation to complete resection
Satoru Mizutani, Seiichiro Abe, Yutaka Saito
Received February 17, 2026  Accepted May 8, 2026  Published online August 10, 2026  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2026.062    [Epub ahead of print]
AbstractAbstract PDF
Gastric cancer remains a major global health burden, particularly in Asia, where widespread implementation of endoscopic screening has increased the detection of early gastric cancer (EGC). With advances in endoscopic techniques, endoscopic resection (ER), especially endoscopic submucosal dissection, has become the standard treatment for EGC with a negligible risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM). Undifferentiated-type EGC (UD-EGC) is associated with a higher risk of LNM than differentiated-type EGC. However, favorable long-term outcomes can be achieved with curative resection. Despite this, accurate endoscopic detection, characterization, and delineation of UD-EGC remain a challenge because of their subtle morphology and unique growth pattern. Image-enhanced endoscopy, particularly magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging, plays an important role in diagnosis and assessment of the lateral extent of the lesion. In Japan, accumulating evidence, including prospective multicenter trials, has led to the classification of intramucosal UD-EGC ≤2 cm without ulceration, as an absolute indication for ER in the latest clinical guidelines. Short and long-term outcomes after curative ER for UD-EGC are comparable to those after surgical resection. This review summarizes the current literature on the diagnosis and endoscopic management of UD-EGC, providing a comparative overview of differences in endoscopic treatment recommendations among international guidelines.
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Original Articles
Treatment procedures for intractable gastroesophageal reflux disease after peroral endoscopic myotomy for achalasia: a retrospective study in South Korea
Ah Young Lee, Seong Hwan Kim, Joo Young Cho
Clin Endosc 2026;59(4):612-621.   Published online July 29, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2025.253
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
/Aims: No study has compared the safety and efficacy of anti-reflux mucosal ablation (ARMA), anti-reflux mucosectomy (ARMS), and Stretta radiofrequency (SRF) for intractable gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) after peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM).
Methods
Twenty-two patients with post-POEM GERD underwent either ARMA (n=12), ARMS (n=6), or SRF (n=4). GERD questionnaire (GERDQ) score, endoscopic Los Angeles classification, flap valve grade based on Hill’s type EndoFLIP distensibility index (DI), and rate of proton pump inhibitor withdrawal were analyzed and compared. The factors associated with the occurrence of post-POEM intractable GERD were also evaluated.
Results
The ARMS group demonstrated a significant improvement in GERDQ scores after 6 months of follow-up (p=0.04). No significant differences were observed in the endoscopic Los Angeles grade (p=0.68), flap valve grade (p=0.38), or EndoFLIP DI (p=0.15). Type III achalasia and posterior myotomy orientation during POEM were identified as risk factors for reintervention. Postprocedural adverse events (bleeding and stricture) occurred in the ARMA and ARMS groups.
Conclusions
Among the three procedures, ARMS produced the most notable improvement in symptoms, whereas endoscopic esophagitis and EndoFLIP DI did not show a similar improvement.
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  • 13 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
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Depth of noninjecting resection using bipolar soft coagulation mode for 6 to 9 mm colorectal polyps: a retrospective study in Japan
Yoshifumi Watanabe, Mitsuo Tokuhara, Hidetoshi Nakata, Hiroko Nakahira, Ikuko Torii, Yasumasa Sumitomo
Clin Endosc 2026;59(1):115-123.   Published online December 18, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2025.100
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
/Aims: Endoscopic resection of colorectal polyps reduces mortality from colorectal cancer. We report here a novel resection method, known as noninjecting resection using bipolar soft coagulation mode (NIRBS), and assess its feasibility. This study aimed to compare the resection depth achieved with NIRBS to those achieved with cold snare polypectomy (CSP) and conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (CEMR).
Methods
Patients with 6 to 9 mm colorectal polyps underwent endoscopic resection at Hoshigaoka Medical Center between October 2023 and January 2024. We analyzed the thickness of resected submucosal tissue following the use of NIRBS, CSP, and CEMR.
Results
We identified 95 polyps, including adenomas and serrated lesions. The proportions of specimens containing submucosal tissue were 21.4%, 100.0%, and 97.9% in CSP, CEMR, and NIRBS, respectively. The median submucosal tissue thickness for CEMR and NIRBS was 1,167 and 1,125 µm, respectively, which was significantly greater than 0 µm for CSP. For NIRBS, the median thickness was 1,140 and 1,017 µm for the expert and non-expert endoscopists, respectively.
Conclusions
The depth of submucosal resection with NIRBS exceeded 1,000 μm regardless of endoscopist experience. NIRBS can be a useful resection method for patients with colorectal polyps, including those with non-submucosally invasive carcinomas.
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The comparative study of Stretta radiofrequency and anti-reflux mucosectomy in the management of intractable gastroesophageal reflux disease: a single-center retrospective study from Korea
Ah Young Lee, Ji Woo Choi, Jeong Haeng Heo, Jun Young Chung, Seong Hwan Kim, Joo Young Cho
Clin Endosc 2025;58(3):409-417.   Published online May 7, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.163
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
/Aims: Chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) requires symptom relief and treatment of associated conditions. In this study, we aimed to compare anti-reflux mucosectomy (ARMS) and Stretta radiofrequency (SRF) for treating patients with chronic GERD who are unresponsive to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and to identify the indications for each procedure.
Methods
Data of patients who underwent ARMS or SRF between March 2021 and April 2023 were analyzed. Changes in GERD questionnaire (GERDQ) scores, endoscopic Los Angeles (LA) grade, flap valve grade (FVG) based on Hill’s type, EndoFLIP distensibility index (DI), endoscopic Barrett’s epithelium (BE) resolution rate, and PPI withdrawal rate were compared between the two groups.
Results
Improvements in the GERDQ scores and PPI withdrawal rates were similar between the groups. The ARMS group showed significantly better changes in endoscopic LA grade, FVG, and EndoFLIP DI than the SRF group. The complications were more prevalent in the ARMS group than in the SRF group.
Conclusions
The change in endoscopic LA grade before and after the procedure was significantly higher in the ARMS group than in the SRF group. Significant improvements in endoscopic FVG, BE resolution, and EndoFLIP DI were observed only with the ARMS group.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Anti-reflux mucosal ablation: A good method for proton pump inhibitor dependent gastroesophageal reflux disease
    Jing-yu Zhu, Yi-heng Yao, Ming Qi, Liang Liu
    Indian Journal of Gastroenterology.2026; 45(4): 788.     CrossRef
  • Bridging the Therapeutic Gap: Clinical Efficacy of Endoscopic Radiofrequency Stretta Therapy for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Korea
    Yang Won Min
    Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility.2026; 32(2): 148.     CrossRef
  • Restoring the barrier: endoscopic antireflux mucosal interventions for intractable post-peroral endoscopic myotomy reflux
    Do Hoon Kim
    Clinical Endoscopy.2026; 59(4): 590.     CrossRef
  • Redefining endoscopic management of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease: the role of Stretta radiofrequency therapy and antireflux mucosectomy
    Yuto Shimamura
    Clinical Endoscopy.2025; 58(3): 398.     CrossRef
  • Comment on ‘The comparative study of Stretta radiofrequency and anti-reflux mucosectomy in the management of intractable gastroesophageal reflux disease: a single-center retrospective study from Korea’
    Yiheng Yao, Guolei Shi, Liang Liu
    Clinical Endoscopy.2025; 58(5): 782.     CrossRef
  • Comments on ‘The comparative study of Stretta radiofrequency and anti-reflux mucosectomy in the management of intractable gastroesophageal reflux disease: a single-center retrospective study from Korea’
    Gwang Ha Kim
    Clinical Endoscopy.2025; 58(6): 948.     CrossRef
  • 4,717 View
  • 144 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • 6 Crossref
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Utility of underwater endoscopic mucosal resection combined with a protruding anchor by saline injection for superficial non-ampullary duodenal tumors: a retrospective study in Japan
Yoshie Nomoto, Satoshi Shinozaki, Yoshimasa Miura, Hiroyuki Osawa, Yuji Ino, Tomonori Yano, Nikolaos Lazaridis, Hironori Yamamoto
Clin Endosc 2025;58(4):561-568.   Published online March 12, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.181
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
/Aims: Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) is the standard resection method for superficial non-ampullary duodenal tumors (SNADETs). We developed a novel UEMR technique that creates an anchor by protruding the distal fold with a saline injection (UEMR-A). The aim of this study was to clarify the usefulness of UEMR-A compared to conventional UEMR (UEMR-C).
Methods
This retrospective observational study included patients who underwent UEMR for SNADETs.
Results
A total of 141 patients were included and divided into UEMR-A (n=54) and UEMR-C (n=87) groups. Lesion resection was performed significantly more frequently by an expert endoscopist in the UEMR-C group compared to the UEMR-A group (p<0.001). The procedure time for UEMR-A was significantly shorter than that for UEMR-C (p=0.018), despite the additional time required for submucosal injection. The R0 resection rate was significantly higher in the UEMR-A group than in the UEMR-C group (p=0.004). The horizontal margins were significantly clearer in the UEMR-A group than in the UEMR-C group (p=0.018). Multivariate analysis revealed that the use of UEMR-A was the only significant positive factor for R0 resection.
Conclusions
The UEMR-A technique for SNADETs appears to improve R0 resection rates and reduce procedure times compared to the UEMR-C technique.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Advancement of endoscopic treatment in GI tract
    Yoshimasa Miura
    Journal of Nihon University Medical Association.2025; 84(3): 119.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of a modified underwater endoscopic mucosal resection technique for duodenal neoplasms: clinical implications and future directions
    Ji Yong Ahn
    Clinical Endoscopy.2025; 58(4): 544.     CrossRef
  • Reply to the comments on ‘Utility of underwater endoscopic mucosal resection combined with a protruding anchor by saline injection for superficial non-ampullary duodenal tumors: a retrospective study in Japan'
    Hironori Yamamoto, Yoshie Nomoto, Satoshi Shinozaki, Yoshimasa Miura, Hiroyuki Osawa
    Clinical Endoscopy.2025; 58(6): 953.     CrossRef
  • A reformative underwater endoscopic mucosal resection technique for superficial non-ampullary duodenal tumors
    Yiheng Yao, Guolei Shi, Xingjie Shen, Liang Liu
    Clinical Endoscopy.2025; 58(6): 951.     CrossRef
  • 5,381 View
  • 283 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 4 Crossref
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Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Cold snare polypectomy versus cold endoscopic mucosal resection for small colorectal polyps: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Vishali Moond, Priyadarshini Loganathan, Sheza Malik, Dushyant Singh Dahiya, Babu P. Mohan, Daryl Ramai, Michele McGinnis, Deepak Madhu, Mohammad Bilal, Aasma Shaukat, Saurabh Chandan
Clin Endosc 2024;57(6):747-758.   Published online August 23, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.081
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
/Aims: Cold snare polypectomy (CSP) is routinely performed for small colorectal polyps (≤10 mm). However, challenges include insufficient resection depth and immediate bleeding, hindering precise pathological evaluation. We aimed to compare the outcomes of cold endoscopic mucosal resection (CEMR) with that of CSP for colorectal polyps ≤10 mm, using data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
Methods
Multiple databases were searched in December 2023 for RCTs reporting outcomes of CSP versus CEMR for colorectal polyps ≤10 mm in size. Our primary outcomes were rates of complete and en-bloc resections, while our secondary outcomes were total resection time (seconds) and adverse events, including immediate bleeding, delayed bleeding, and perforation.
Results
The complete resection rates did not significantly differ (CSP, 91.8% vs. CEMR 94.6%), nor did the rates of en-bloc resection (CSP, 98.9% vs. CEMR, 98.3%) or incomplete resection (CSP, 6.7% vs. CEMR, 4.8%). Adverse event rates were similarly insignificant in variance. However, CEMR had a notably longer mean resection time (133.51 vs. 91.30 seconds).
Conclusions
Our meta-analysis of seven RCTs showed that while both CSP and CEMR are equally safe and effective for resecting small (≤10 mm) colorectal polyps, the latter is associated with a longer resection time.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Recent advancement in size measurement during endoscopy
    Hye Kyung Jeon, Gwang Ha Kim
    Clinical Endoscopy.2026; 59(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Does the size of the cold snare affect the outcome of cold snare polypectomy in the colon? A KASID prospective multicenter study
    Seongwoo Choi, Jaeyoung Chun, Geunhyuk Choi, Yoojin Lee, Taegeun Gweon, Yunho Jung
    Intestinal Research.2026; 24(1): 76.     CrossRef
  • Iatrogenic colon perforation: endoscopic management or surgery
    Seung Bum Lee
    Clinical Endoscopy.2026; 59(1): 33.     CrossRef
  • Efficacy and safety ranking of endoscopic resection techniques for colorectal polyps: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
    Shirui Li, Yue Lei, Yunfan Deng, Sheng Dai, Dehai Xiong, Qi Fan, Xiuyang Li
    Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Histopathologic outcomes comparison between cold snare polypectomy and cold snare EMR for colorectal polyps: a full-thickness serial sectioning analysis
    Ran Chen, Shiya Hong, Jie Gao, Zhi Ni, Peichun Peng, Shuling Lai, Xiaoqing Huang, Yueping Zheng, Qingyong Zhang, Tingting Lin, Bo Hu, Rongchun Zhang
    Gastroenterology Report.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effective Polypectomy Practice
    Malique Delbrune, Thomas Enke, Mohammad Bilal
    Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 13,560 View
  • 388 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • 6 Crossref
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Case Report
A rare case of esophageal mucoepidermoid carcinoma successfully treated via endoscopic submucosal dissection
So Eun Jeun, Kyung Bin Kim, Bong Eun Lee, Gwang Ha Kim, Moon Won Lee, Dong Chan Joo
Clin Endosc 2024;57(5):683-687.   Published online June 18, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.051
AbstractAbstract PDF
Esophageal mucoepidermoid carcinoma (EMEC) is a special subtype of esophageal malignancy, accounting for less than 1% of all cases of primary esophageal carcinoma. Pathologically, it consists of a mixture of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma with mucin-secreting cells. Special staining for mucicarmine helps to diagnose EMEC. We present a rare case of EMEC successfully treated via endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). A 63-year-old man was referred to our tertiary hospital. On esophagogastroduodenoscopy, a 6-mm-sized subtle reddish depressed lesion was identified in the mid-esophagus. Diagnostic ESD was performed with a high suspicion of carcinoma. Histopathologic findings were consistent with EMEC which was confined to the lamina propria without lymphatic invasion. We plan to do a careful follow-up without administering adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Due to the small volume of the lesion, establishing a diagnosis was difficult through forceps biopsy alone. However, by using ESD, we could confirm and successfully treat a rare case of early-stage EMEC.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Ductal Differentiation
    Qianqian Li, Yabin Shi, Xu Han, Jialu Zhou, Lin Kang, Huanfen Zhao
    International Journal of Surgical Pathology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Insights from literature of esophageal mucoepidermoid carcinoma in a female: A rare case report
    Saltuk Bugra Yolburun, Ozlem Ceren Gunizi, Gulsum Ozlem Elpek
    World Journal of Clinical Cases.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 8,127 View
  • 238 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
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Review
The role of cap-assisted endoscopy and its future implications
Sol Kim, Bo-In Lee
Clin Endosc 2024;57(3):293-301.   Published online February 7, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.051
AbstractAbstract PDF
Cap-assisted endoscopy refers to a procedure in which a short tube made of a polymer (mostly transparent) is attached to the distal tip of the endoscope to enhance its diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities. It is reported to be particularly useful in: (1) minimizing blind spots during screening colonoscopy, (2) providing a constant distance from a lesion for clear visualization during magnifying endoscopy, (3) accurately assessing the size of various gastrointestinal lesions, (4) preventing mucosal injury during foreign body removal, (5) securing adequate workspace in the submucosal space during endoscopic submucosal dissection or third space endoscopy, (6) providing an optimal approach angle to a target, and (7) suctioning mucosal and submucosal tissue with negative pressure for resection or approximation. Here, we review various applications of attachable caps in diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy and their future implications.

Citations

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  • Endoscopic approaches to reduce the incidence of interval colon cancer
    Saurabh Chandan
    Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2026; 103(1): 26.     CrossRef
  • The Optimal Timing and Effectiveness of a Transparent Cap in the Endoscopic Removal of Bony Foreign Bodies From the Esophagus
    Sheng-Chun Lin, Ting-Han Wang, Er-Hsiang Yang, Chien-Ming Chiang, Wei-Lun Chang, Chiao-Hsiung Chuang, Chiung-Yu Chen, Xi-Zhang Lin, Hsueh-Chien Chiang
    Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology.2026; 17(1): e00955.     CrossRef
  • Endoscopic transparent cap assisted hemostasis: A multicenter retrospective cohort study
    Ömer Küçükdemirci, Talat Ayyildiz, Berk Bas, Hasan Eruzun, Nisa Efe, Ahmet Bektas
    World Journal of Gastroenterology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The use of botulinum toxin in the treatment of upper esophageal sphincter spasm: a diagnostic protocol and case series
    Barbara Jamróz, Mateusz Szurek, Dorota Wasko-Czopnik
    Polski Przegląd Otorynolaryngologiczny.2026; 15(2): 9.     CrossRef
  • Endoscopic Treatment of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
    Yu Jin Kim, Heung Up Kim
    The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research.2026; 26(2): 131.     CrossRef
  • Transparent cap scope tamponade: an inexpensive, efficient, and underappreciated maneuver for bleeding visualization and hemostasis
    Brandon Rodgers, Swapnil Patel, Matthew T. Moyer
    VideoGIE.2025; 10(6): 333.     CrossRef
  • Efficacy and safety of cap-assisted colonoscopy in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for patients after Billroth II gastrectomy
    Chun-Xiao Hu, Sheng-Yue Zhou, Xiao-Hua Ye
    World Chinese Journal of Digestology.2025; 33(9): 707.     CrossRef
  • Terminal ileum in screening colonoscopy: routine practice or risk-stratified approach?
    Seong-Jung Kim
    Clinical Endoscopy.2025; 58(5): 696.     CrossRef
  • Gastroscope-assisted oral cavity and nasopharynx examination
    Aman Yadav, Benjamin McKillen, Cheng Yu Chen, Robert Hackett, Lukas Witting, Alexander Huelsen
    VideoGIE.2025; 10(12): 615.     CrossRef
  • A retrospective single-center study of transnasal ileus tube insertion accompanied with cap-assisted endoscopic advancement for malignant adhesive bowel obstruction
    Su-Yu Chen, Rui Huang, Yu Zhang, Zhao-Fei Xie, He Huang, Hong Shi
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 10,830 View
  • 411 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • 10 Crossref
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Original Article
Significance of rescue hybrid endoscopic submucosal dissection in difficult colorectal cases
Hayato Yamaguchi, Masakatsu Fukuzawa, Takashi Kawai, Takahiro Muramatsu, Taisuke Matsumoto, Kumiko Uchida, Yohei Koyama, Akira Madarame, Takashi Morise, Shin Kono, Sakiko Naito, Naoyoshi Nagata, Mitsushige Sugimoto, Takao Itoi
Clin Endosc 2023;56(6):778-789.   Published online July 26, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2022.268
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
/Aims: Hybrid endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), in which an incision is made around a lesion and snaring is performed after submucosal dissection, has some advantages in colorectal surgery, including shorter procedure time and preventing perforation. However, its value for rescue resection in difficult colorectal ESD cases remains unclear. This study evaluated the utility of rescue hybrid ESD (RH-ESD).
Methods
We divided 364 colorectal ESD procedures into the conventional ESD group (C-ESD, n=260), scheduled hybrid ESD group (SH-ESD, n=69), and RH-ESD group (n=35) and compared their clinical outcomes.
Results
Resection time was significantly shorter in the following order: RH-ESD (149 [90–197] minutes) >C-ESD (90 [60–140] minutes) >SH-ESD (52 [29–80] minutes). The en bloc resection rate increased significantly in the following order: RH-ESD (48.6%), SH-ESD (78.3%), and C-ESD (97.7%). An analysis of factors related to piecemeal resection of RH-ESD revealed that the submucosal dissection rate was significantly lower in the piecemeal resection group (25% [20%–30%]) than in the en bloc resection group (40% [20%–60%]).
Conclusions
RH-ESD was ineffective in terms of curative resection because of the low en bloc resection rate, but was useful for avoiding surgery.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Management of Large Non-Pedunculated Polyps of the Colon: Practice-Oriented Answers to Clinical Questions
    Cecilia Capelli, Alberto Gattuso, Luigi Tuccillo, Marco Di Marco, Leonardo Frazzoni
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2026; 15(3): 929.     CrossRef
  • Optimal endoscopic treatment for rectal neuroendocrine tumors, confirmed after forceps biopsy: a Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases multicenter, randomized noninferiority trial
    Tae-Geun Gweon, Seong-Jung Kim, Dae Seong Myung, Yunho Jung, Jun Lee, Dong-Hoon Yang
    Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2026; 104(1): 86.     CrossRef
  • Letter to the Editor: Deep margin positivity in small rectal neuroendocrine tumors - pathological insights for post-endoscopic submucosal dissection management
    Ling-Feng Zou, Yan Luo, Cheng-Long Wang
    World Journal of Clinical Oncology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Exploring different techniques for endoscopic submucosal dissection of gastrointestinal lesions: a review of the literature
    Giulio Calabrese, Marcello Maida, Darshan Parekh, Yohei Minato, Alessandro Vitello, Alberto Murino, Rui Morais, Emanuele Sinagra, Daryl Ramai, Ken Ohata, Sandro Sferrazza
    Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy.2025; 25(7): 755.     CrossRef
  • Salvage Surgery After Non-Curative Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Early Colorectal Cancer: A Comprehensive Review
    Felix Aigner, Christoph Skias, David Duller, Sebastian Wisiak, Karin Strohmeyer, Zoltan Horvath, Nicole Koter
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(17): 6343.     CrossRef
  • Safety and efficacy of hybrid versus conventional endoscopic submucosal dissection for removal of gastrointestinal lesions: A meta-analysis
    Adnan Bhat, Allah Dad, Kinza Bakht, Muhammad Arham, Humza Saeed, Zahra Ali, Faseeh Haider, Saniya Ishtiaq, Anchit Chauhan, Danyal Bakht, Adil Ahmed, Ali Naseem, Imran Ali Reshi, Dennis Yang, Peter Vassilev Draganov
    International Journal of Gastrointestinal Intervention.2025; 14(4): 134.     CrossRef
  • Colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection defect closure: promising but still evolving
    Yunho Jung
    Clinical Endoscopy.2025; 58(6): 856.     CrossRef
  • Planned Hybrid Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection as Alternative for Colorectal Neoplasms: A Propensity Score-Matched Study
    Yu-xin Zhang, Xun Liu, Fang Gu, Shi-gang Ding
    Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2024; 69(3): 949.     CrossRef
  • Understanding hybrid endoscopic submucosal dissection subtleties
    João Paulo de Souza Pontual, Alexandre Moraes Bestetti, Diogo Turiani Hourneaux de Moura
    Clinical Endoscopy.2023; 56(6): 738.     CrossRef
  • 7,223 View
  • 164 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • 9 Crossref
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Review
Complications of endoscopic resection in the upper gastrointestinal tract
Takeshi Uozumi, Seiichiro Abe, Mai Ego Makiguchi, Satoru Nonaka, Haruhisa Suzuki, Shigetaka Yoshinaga, Yutaka Saito
Clin Endosc 2023;56(4):409-422.   Published online June 21, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.024
AbstractAbstract PDF
Endoscopic resection (ER) is widely utilized as a minimally invasive treatment for upper gastrointestinal tumors; however, complications could occur during and after the procedure. Post-ER mucosal defect leads to delayed perforation and bleeding; therefore, endoscopic closure methods (endoscopic hand-suturing, the endoloop and endoclip closure method, and over-the-scope clip method) and tissue shielding methods (polyglycolic acid sheets and fibrin glue) are developed to prevent these complications. During duodenal ER, complete closure of the mucosal defect significantly reduces delayed bleeding and should be performed. An extensive mucosal defect that comprises three-quarters of the circumference in the esophagus, gastric antrum, or cardia is a significant risk factor for post-ER stricture. Steroid therapy is considered the first-line option for the prevention of esophageal stricture, but its efficacy for gastric stricture remains unclear. Methods for the prevention and management of ER-related complications in the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum differ according to the organ; therefore, endoscopists should be familiar with ways of preventing and managing organ-specific complications.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation Reduces Postoperative Abdominal Pain after Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A Single-Center, Prospective, and Randomized Controlled Trial
    Xu-ming Liu, Yu-xuan Qi, Jian-yong Zheng, Si-qi Hao, Wen-wen Hao, Yi Du, Wen-jing Li, Li-xin An
    Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine.2026; 32(8): 720.     CrossRef
  • Nationwide Survey on Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Early Gastric Cancer in Korea: Results From the Korean College of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research (KCHUGR) 2023 Survey
    Jae Yong Park, Jeong Hoon Lee, Tae-Se Kim, Da Hyun Jung, Bong Eun Lee, Yonghoon Choi, Wan-Sik Lee, Young-Il Kim, Sun Hyung Kang, Hyunsoo Chung, Su Jin Kim, Joon Sung Kim, Donghoon Kang, Su Youn Nam, Seung Han Kim, Hyo-Joon Yang, Hyun Lim, Jin Lee, Seon-Yo
    The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research.2026; 26(1): 50.     CrossRef
  • Nationwide Survey on Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Early Gastric Cancer in Korea: Results From the Korean College of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research (KCHUGR) 2023 Survey
    Jae Yong Park, Jeong Hoon Lee, Tae-Se Kim, Da Hyun Jung, Bong Eun Lee, Yonghoon Choi, Wan-Sik Lee, Young-Il Kim, Sun Hyung Kang, Hyunsoo Chung, Su Jin Kim, Joon Sung Kim, Donghoon Kang, Su Youn Nam, Seung Han Kim, Hyo-Joon Yang, Hyun Lim, Jin Lee, Seon-Yo
    Journal of Gastric Cancer.2026; 26(2): 169.     CrossRef
  • Metformin for preventing esophageal stricture after circumferential endoscopic submucosal dissection in a canine model
    Ling Yang, Binbin Xu, Chunwei Fan, Yuju Huang, Li Yu
    Gastroenterology Report.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Feasibility of Zeosuture M for gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection defect closure during anticoagulation: a preclinical porcine study from Japan
    Yohei Minato, Tadateru Maehata, Yoshinori Sato, Fumio Itoh, Ken Ohata, Keisuke Tateishi
    Clinical Endoscopy.2026; 59(4): 593.     CrossRef
  • Mitigating risk following upper gastrointestinal Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: preventing bleeding, perforation and stricture formation
    Giulio Calabrese, Rossella Maresca, Livio Bonacci, Tommaso Rozera, Giuseppe Spinosa, Federico Barbaro, Sandro Sferrazza
    Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology.2026; : 102126.     CrossRef
  • The Current Landscape of Endoscopic Submucosal Training in the United States
    Mike T. Wei, Shai Friedland, Joo Ha Hwang
    Current Gastroenterology Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Gastric polyps are not created equal: Know your enemy
    Fady Daniel
    World Journal of Gastroenterology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Original Article
Evaluation of a new method, “non-injection resection using bipolar soft coagulation mode (NIRBS)”, for colonic adenomatous lesions
Mitsuo Tokuhara, Masaaki Shimatani, Kazunari Tominaga, Hiroko Nakahira, Takuya Ohtsu, Katsuyasu Kouda, Makoto Naganuma
Clin Endosc 2023;56(5):623-632.   Published online May 18, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2022.200
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
/Aims: Endoscopic resection of all colorectal adenomatous lesions with a low complication rate, simplicity, and negative residuals is challenging. Hence, we developed a new method called “non-injection resection using bipolar soft coagulation mode (NIRBS)” method, adapted for colorectal lesions. In addition, we evaluated the effectiveness of this method.
Methods
We performed NIRBS throughout a 12-month period for all colorectal lesions which snare resection was acceptable without cancerous lesions infiltrating deeper than the submucosal layer.
Results
A total of 746 resected lesions were included in the study, with a 4.5 mm mean size (range, 1–35 mm). The major pathological breakdowns were as follows: 64.3% (480/746) were adenomas, and 5.0% (37/746) were intraepithelial adenocarcinomas (Tis lesions). No residuals were observed in any of the 37 Tis lesions (mean size, 15.3 mm). Adverse events included bleeding (0.4%) but no perforation.
Conclusions
NIRBS allowed the resection of multiple lesions with simplicity because of the non-injection and without perforating due to the minimal burn effect of the bipolar snare set in the soft coagulation mode. Therefore, NIRBS can be used to resect adenomatous lesions easily, including Tis lesions, from small to large lesions without leaving residuals.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
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    Yoshifumi Watanabe, Mitsuo Tokuhara, Hidetoshi Nakata, Hiroko Nakahira, Ikuko Torii, Yasumasa Sumitomo
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    Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(2): 141.     CrossRef
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    Seung Joo Kang, Chung Hyun Tae, Chang Seok Bang, Cheol Min Shin, Young-Hoon Jeong, Miyoung Choi, Joo Ha Hwang, Yutaka Saito, Philip Wai Yan Chiu, Rungsun Rerknimitr, Christopher Khor, Vu Van Khien, Kee Don Choi, Ki-Nam Shim, Geun Am Song, Oh Young Lee
    The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2024; 83(6): 217.     CrossRef
  • International Digestive Endoscopy Network Consensus on the Management of Antithrombotic Agents in Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
    Seung Joo Kang, Chung Hyun Tae, Chang Seok Bang, Cheol Min Shin, Young-Hoon Jeong, Miyoung Choi, Joo Ha Hwang, Yutaka Saito, Philip Wai Yan Chiu, Rungsun Rerknimitr, Christopher Khor, Vu Van Khien, Kee Don Choi, Ki-Nam Shim, Geun Am Song, Oh Young Lee
    Gut and Liver.2024; 18(5): 764.     CrossRef
  • A method of “Noninjecting Resection using Bipolar Soft coagulation mode; NIRBS” for superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumor: a pilot study
    Mitsuo Tokuhara, Yasushi Sano, Yoshifumi Watanabe, Hidetoshi Nakata, Hiroko Nakahira, Shingo Furukawa, Takuya Ohtsu, Naohiro Nakamura, Takashi Ito, Ikuko Torii, Takeshi Yamashina, Masaaki Shimatani, Makoto Naganuma
    BMC Gastroenterology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 7,537 View
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Reviews
Endoscopic treatment for rectal neuroendocrine tumor: which method is better?
Seung Min Hong, Dong Hoon Baek
Clin Endosc 2022;55(4):496-506.   Published online July 11, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2022.115
AbstractAbstract PDF
Recently, research on rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) has increased during the last few decades. Rectal NETs measuring <10 mm without atypical features and confined to the submucosal layer have only 1% risk of metastasis, and the long-term survival probability of patients without metastasis at the time of diagnosis is approximately 100%. Therefore, the current guidelines suggest endoscopic resection of rectal NETs of <10 mm is regarded as a safe therapeutic option. However, there are currently no clear recommendations for technique selection for endoscopic resection. The choice of treatment modality for rectal NETs should be based on the lesion size, endoscopic characteristics, grade of differentiation, depth of vertical involvement, lymphovascular invasion, and risk of metastasis. Moreover, the complete resection rate, complications, and experience at the center should be considered. Modified endoscopic mucosal resection is the most suitable resection method for rectal NETs of <10 mm, because it is an effective and safe technique that is relatively simple and less time-consuming compared with endoscopic submucosal dissection. Endoscopic submucosal dissection should be considered when the tumor size is >10 mm, suctioning is not possible due to fibrosis in the lesion, or when the snaring for modified endoscopic mucosal resection does not work well.

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Current Treatment Strategy for Superficial Nonampullary Duodenal Epithelial Tumors
Tetsuya Suwa, Kohei Takizawa, Noboru Kawata, Masao Yoshida, Yohei Yabuuchi, Yoichi Yamamoto, Hiroyuki Ono
Clin Endosc 2022;55(1):15-21.   Published online September 29, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2021.141
AbstractAbstract PDF
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is the standard treatment method for esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers. However, it has not been standardized for duodenal lesions because of its high complication rates. Recently, minimally invasive and simple methods such as cold snare polypectomy and underwater endoscopic mucosal resection have been utilized more for superficial nonampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (SNADETs). Although the rate of complications associated with duodenal ESD has been gradually decreasing because of technical advancements, performing ESD for all SNADETs is unnecessary. As such, the appropriate treatment plan for SNADETs should be chosen according to the lesion type, patient condition, and endoscopist’s skill.

Citations

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    Seung Joo Kang, Chung Hyun Tae, Chang Seok Bang, Cheol Min Shin, Young-Hoon Jeong, Miyoung Choi, Joo Ha Hwang, Yutaka Saito, Philip Wai Yan Chiu, Rungsun Rerknimitr, Christopher Khor, Vu Van Khien, Kee Don Choi, Ki-Nam Shim, Geun Am Song, Oh Young Lee
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Original Articles
Endoscopic Suturing for the Prevention and Treatment of Complications Associated with Endoscopic Mucosal Resection of Large Duodenal Adenomas
Jaeil Chung, Kelly Wang, Alexander Podboy, Srinivas Gaddam, Simon K. Lo
Clin Endosc 2022;55(1):95-100.   Published online March 3, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2020.281
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
/Aims: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is the primary treatment for duodenal adenomas; however, it is associated with a high risk of perforation and bleeding, especially with larger lesions. The goal of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility and safety of endoscopic suturing (ES) for the closure of mucosal defects after duodenal EMR.
Methods
Consecutive adult patients who underwent ES of large mucosal defects after EMR of large (>2 cm) duodenal adenomas were retrospectively enrolled. The OverStitch ES system was employed for closing mucosal defects after EMR. Clinical outcomes and complications, including delayed bleeding and perforation, were documented.
Results
During the study period, ES of mucosal defects was performed in seven patients in eight sessions (six for prophylaxis and two for the treatment of perforation). All ES sessions were technically successful. No early or delayed post-EMR bleeding was recorded. In addition, no clinically obvious duodenal stricture or recurrence was encountered on endoscopic follow-up evaluation, and no patients required subsequent surgical intervention.
Conclusions
ES for the prevention and treatment of duodenal perforation after EMR is technically feasible, safe, and effective. ES should be considered an option for preventing or treating perforations associated with EMR of large duodenal adenomas.

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Efficacy of Underwater Endoscopic Mucosal Resection for Superficial Non-Ampullary Duodenal Epithelial Tumor
Masanori Furukawa, Akira Mitoro, Takahiro Ozutumi, Yukihisa Fujinaga, Keisuke Nakanishi, Koh Kitagawa, Soichiro Saikawa, Sinya Sato, Yasuhiko Sawada, Hiroaki Takaya, Kosuke Kaji, Hideto Kawaratani, Tadashi Namisaki, Kei Moriya, Takemi Akahane, Junichi Yamao, Hitoshi Yoshiji
Clin Endosc 2021;54(3):371-378.   Published online February 18, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2020.147
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
/Aims: Endoscopic resection (ER) for superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (SNADETs) is challenging. Conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (CEMR) is also problematic due to the anatomical features of the duodenum. We compared the safety and efficacy of underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) with those of CEMR through a retrospective analysis.
Methods
Altogether, 44 consecutive patients with 46 SNADETs underwent ER (18 CEMR cases and 28 UEMR cases) between January 2016 and October 2019. We investigated the proportions of en bloc resection, R0 resection, complications, resection time, and total procedure time and compared the outcomes of patients from the CEMR group with those of patients from the UEMR group.
Results
The median tumor size was 8.0 mm (range, 2.0–20.0 mm). The UEMR group showed a higher proportion of en bloc resection (96.4% vs. 72.2%, p<0.05) and significantly lower median resection time and total procedure time (4 min vs. 9.5 min, p<0.05 and 13 min vs. 19 min, p<0.05; respectively) than the CEMR group. No complications were observed. However, two patients treated with piecemeal resection in the CEMR group had residual tumors.
Conclusions
UEMR is a feasible therapeutic option for SNADETs. It can be recommended as a standard treatment.

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Diode Laser—Can It Replace the Electrical Current Used in Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection?
Yunho Jung, Gwang Ho Baik, Weon Jin Ko, Bong Min Ko, Seong Hwan Kim, Jin Seok Jang, Jae-Young Jang, Wan-Sik Lee, Young Kwan Cho, Sun Gyo Lim, Hee Seok Moon, In Kyung Yoo, Joo Young Cho
Clin Endosc 2021;54(4):555-562.   Published online January 13, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2020.229
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
/Aims: A new medical fiber-guided diode laser system (FDLS) is expected to offer high-precision cutting with simultaneous hemostasis. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using the 1,940-nm FDLS to perform endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in the gastrointestinal tract of an animal model.
Methods
In this prospective animal pilot study, gastric and colorectal ESD using the FDLS was performed in ex vivo and in vivo porcine models. The completeness of en bloc resection, the procedure time, intraprocedural bleeding, histological injuries to the muscularis propria (MP) layer, and perforation were assessed.
Results
The en bloc resection and perforation rates in the ex vivo study were 100% (10/10) and 10% (1/10), respectively; those in the in vivo study were 100% (4/4) and 0% for gastric ESD and 100% (4/4) and 25% (1/4) for rectal ESD, respectively. Deep MP layer injuries tended to occur more frequently in the rectal than in the gastric ESD cases, and no intraprocedural bleeding occurred in either group.
Conclusions
The 1,940-nm FDLS was capable of yielding high en bloc resection rates without intraprocedural bleeding during gastric and colorectal ESD in animal models.

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Case Reports
Successful Endoscopic Resection of Residual Colonic Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma after Polypectomy
Jeongmin Choi
Clin Endosc 2021;54(5):759-762.   Published online November 6, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2020.233
AbstractAbstract PDF
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas are typically found in the stomach, while colonic MALT lymphoma is rarely found. Considering its rarity, definitive treatment of colonic MALT lymphoma has not been established. Different from that in the stomach, Helicobacter pylori infection might play a minor role while determining the treatment of colonic MALT lymphoma. If colonic MALT lymphoma is localized, treatment options are surgical resection, radiation, endoscopic resection, or combination therapy. Here, we report a case of residual colonic MALT lymphoma after endoscopic mucosal resection, which was a 1.5-cm-sized tumor confined to the superficial wall of the rectum. The lesion was successfully treated using the endoscopic submucosal dissection technique. The patient remained disease-free for 4 years. This case provides rationale for endoscopic submucosal dissection treatment as a salvage therapy for residual tumors in properly selected patients with colonic MALT lymphoma.

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    Kyoung Wan Kim, Minjee Kim, Sung Noh Hong, Dong Kyung Chang, Young Ho Kim, Eun Ran Kim, Ji Eun Kim
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    Jian Han, Zhe Zhu, Chao Zhang, Hua-ping Xie
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Underwater Endoscopic Mucosal Resection without Submucosal Injection Facilitates En bloc Resection of Colon Adenomas Extending into a Diverticulum
Yoshikazu Hayashi, Masahiro Okada, Takaaki Morikawa, Tatsuma Nomura, Hisashi Fukuda, Takahito Takezawa, Alan Kawarai Lefor, Hironori Yamamoto
Clin Endosc 2021;54(3):436-440.   Published online November 6, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2020.168
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Superficial colonic neoplasms sometimes extend into a diverticulum. Conventional endoscopic mucosal resection of these lesions is considered challenging because colonic diverticula do not have a muscularis propria and are deeply inverted. Even if the solution is carefully injected below the mucosa at the bottom of the diverticulum, the mucosa is rarely elevated from the diverticular orifice, and it is usually just narrowed. Although endoscopic submucosal dissection or full-thickness resection with an over-the-scope clip device enables the complete resection of these lesions, it is still challenging, time consuming and expensive. Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection without submucosal injection (UEMR) is an innovative technique enabling en bloc resection of superficial colon lesions. We report three patients with colon adenomas extending into a diverticulum treated with successful UEMR. UEMR enabled rapid and safe en bloc resection of colon lesions extending into a diverticulum.

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  • Efficacy and safety of underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) for non-pedunculated colorectal polyps: a prospective study IN Vietnam
    Tran Kinh Thanh, Nguyen Trong Man Dat, Huynh Dao Nhat Huy, Tran Vy Thao, Phi Duong Nguyen
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Review
Photodynamic Therapy for Esophageal Cancer
Takahiro Inoue, Ryu Ishihara
Clin Endosc 2021;54(4):494-498.   Published online May 19, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2020.073
AbstractAbstract PDF
Photodynamic therapy, a curative local treatment for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, involves a photosensitizing drug (photosensitizer) with affinity for tumors and a photodynamic reaction triggered by laser light. Previously, photodynamic therapy was used to treat superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma judged to be difficult to undergo endoscopic resection. Recently, photodynamic therapy has mainly been performed for local failure after chemoradiotherapy. Although surgery is the most promising treatment for local failure after chemoradiotherapy, its morbidity and mortality rates are high. Endoscopic resection is feasible for local failure after chemoradiotherapy but requires advanced skills, and its indication is limited to within the submucosal layer by depth. Photodynamic therapy is less invasive than surgery and has a wider indication than endoscopic resection. Porfimer sodium (a first-generation photosensitizer) causes a high frequency of side effects related to photosensitivity and requires the long-term sunshade period. Talaporfin (a second-generation photosensitizer) requires a much shorter sun-shade period than porfimer sodium. Photodynamic therapy will profoundly change treatment strategies for local failure after chemoradiotherapy.

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Original Article
Efficacy and Safety of Complete Endoscopic Resection of Colorectal Neoplasia Using a Stepwise Endoscopic Protocol with SOUTEN, a Novel Multifunctional Snare
Shinji Yoshii, Marina Kubo, Mio Matsumoto, Takefumi Kikuchi, Yasunari Takakuwa
Clin Endosc 2020;53(2):206-212.   Published online February 27, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2019.117
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
/Aims: A multifunctional snare SOUTEN has a sharp tip at the top of the snare loop that enables incision of the mucosa, dissection of the submucosal layer, and snaring of lesion. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of complete endoscopic resection of colorectal neoplasia using SOUTEN.
Methods
We analyzed the rates of gross en bloc resection and complete resections of 108 consecutive tumors from 69 patients resected by precutting endoscopic mucosal resection (precutting), hybrid endoscopic submucosal dissection (hybrid), or conventional endoscopic submucosal dissection (conventional) using SOUTEN.
Results
Out of the 108 tumors, 50 were resected by precutting, 27 were resected by hybrid after attempting precutting, and the remaining 31 were resected by conventional after attempting precutting and hybrid resections. The median tumor sizes were 14.5 mm for precutting, 16.4 mm for hybrid, and 21.1 mm for conventional. The success rate of gross en bloc resection and histological complete resection were 100% and 94.0% for precutting, 96.4% and 96.4% for hybrid, and 100% and 100% for conventional method, respectively. No procedure-related complication occurred.
Conclusions
By using SOUTEN, precutting and hybrid were successfully performed on 10–30 mm tumors with a shorter procedure time than conventional without major complications.

Citations

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Focused Review Series: Cutting Edge of Advanced Therapeutic Endoscopy
Present Status of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Non-Ampullary Duodenal Epithelial Tumors
Naomi Kakushima, Masao Yoshida, Yohei Yabuuchi, Noboru Kawata, Kohei Takizawa, Yoshihiro Kishida, Sayo Ito, Kenichiro Imai, Kinichi Hotta, Hirotoshi Ishiwatari, Hiroyuki Matsubayashi, Hiroyuki Ono
Clin Endosc 2020;53(6):652-658.   Published online January 15, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2019.184
AbstractAbstract PDF
Prediction of histology by endoscopic examination is important in the clinical management of non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (NADETs), including adenoma and adenocarcinoma. The use of a simple scoring system based on the findings of white-light endoscopy or magnified endoscopy with narrow-band imaging is useful to differentiate between Vienna category 3 (C3) and C4/5 lesions. Less invasive endoscopic resection procedures, such as cold snare polypectomy, are quick to perform and convenient for small (<10 mm) C3 lesions. Neoplasms with higher grade histology, such as C4/5 lesions, should be treated by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), or surgery. Although EMR often requires piecemeal resection, the complication rate is acceptable. Excellent complete resection rates could be achieved by ESD; however, it remains a challenging method considering the high risk of complications. Shielding or closure of the ulcer after ESD is effective at decreasing the risk of delayed bleeding and perforation. Laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery is an ideal treatment with a high rate of en bloc resection and a low rate of complications, although it is limited to high-volume centers. Patients with NADETs could benefit from a multidisciplinary approach to stratify the optimal treatment based on endoscopic diagnoses.

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Case Report
A Case of Concurrent Ampullary Adenoma and Gangliocytic Paraganglioma at the Minor Papilla Treated with Endoscopic Resection
Jun Kwon Ko, Do Hyun Park, Hee Sang Hwang
Clin Endosc 2019;52(4):382-386.   Published online April 12, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2018.198
AbstractAbstract PDF
A gangliocytic paraganglioma is a benign tumor of the digestive system with a very low incidence. The tumor is histopathologically characterized by a triphasic pattern consisting of epithelioid, ganglion, and spindle-shaped Schwann cells. In most cases, it occurs in the second portion of the duodenum near the ampulla of Vater. We report a case of a gangliocytic paraganglioma occurring at the minor duodenal papilla (a rare location) with a concurrent adenoma of the ampulla of Vater. Both lesions were treated simultaneously using endoscopic resection. Additionally, we have presented a literature review.

Citations

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Focused Review Series: Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Undifferentiated-Type Early Gastric Cancers
Risk Factors for Lymph Node Metastasis in Undifferentiated-Type Gastric Carcinoma
Myeong-Cherl Kook
Clin Endosc 2019;52(1):15-20.   Published online January 25, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2018.193
AbstractAbstract PDF
Undifferentiated-type carcinoma has a high incidence of lymph node metastasis. The independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in undifferentiated-type carcinoma are invasion depth, tumor size, lymphovascular invasion, and presence of ulcer. In the cases that meet the curative resection criteria, no lymph node metastasis was observed in the Japanese studies, but some metastases were observed in Korean studies. After performing curative endoscopic submucosal dissection, the survival rate is similar to that of gastrectomy. The discrepancy between endoscopy and pathology is high in undifferentiated-type carcinoma. The tumor size in endoscopy is a significant risk factor for non-curative resection, and when the tumor size is small, the non-curative resection rate is significantly reduced. Lymphovascular invasion can be assessed in pathologic examination and D2-40 stain is helpful. The presence of ulcer should be determined by pathology, but ulcer’s omission in pathology report makes the analysis difficult. Undifferentiatedtype carcinomas with differentiated-type components show higher lymph node metastasis rate than that of pure undifferentiatedtype carcinomas. The lymph node metastasis rate of signet ring cell type is lower than that of other undifferentiated-type carcinomas and is similar to differentiated-type carcinomas. The application of these additional histologic findings may improve the indication of endoscopic submucosal dissection.

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Strategy for Curative Endoscopic Resection of Undifferentiated-Type Early Gastric Cancer
Jie-Hyun Kim
Clin Endosc 2019;52(1):9-14.   Published online January 24, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2018.199
AbstractAbstract PDF
Endoscopic resection (ER) of undifferentiated-type early gastric cancer (UD-EGC) has a lower curative resection (CR) rate than differentiated-type EGC. However, if UD-EGC is curatively resected using ER, long-term outcomes can be favorable. Thus, the strategy for CR by ER is important in UD-EGC. To achieve CR in UD-EGC, biological behaviors including tumor growth patterns must be considered. This review aims to describe what is important for curative ER of UD-EGC.

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  • Long-term outcomes of endoscopic resection followed by additional surgery after non-curative resection in undifferentiated-type early gastric cancer: a nationwide multi-center study
    Jie-Hyun Kim, Young-Il Kim, Ji Yong Ahn, Woon Geon Shin, Hyo-Joon Yang, Su Youn Nam, Byung-Hoon Min, Jae-Young Jang, Joo Hyun Lim, Wan Sik Lee, Bong Eun Lee, Moon Kyung Joo, Jae Myung Park, Hang Lak Lee, Tae-Geun Gweon, Moo In Park, Jeongmin Choi, Chung H
    Surgical Endoscopy.2022; 36(3): 1847.     CrossRef
  • Diffuse-type Gastric Cancer
    Jie-Hyun Kim
    The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research.2022; 22(1): 11.     CrossRef
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    Raquel Ortigão, Diogo Libânio, Mário Dinis‐Ribeiro
    Journal of Surgical Oncology.2022; 125(7): 1110.     CrossRef
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    Eun Jeong Gong, Chang Seok Bang
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(5): 284.     CrossRef
  • Establishing Machine Learning Models to Predict Curative Resection in Early Gastric Cancer with Undifferentiated Histology: Development and Usability Study
    Chang Seok Bang, Ji Yong Ahn, Jie-Hyun Kim, Young-Il Kim, Il Ju Choi, Woon Geon Shin
    Journal of Medical Internet Research.2021; 23(4): e25053.     CrossRef
  • Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes of Non-Curative Resection in Patients with Early Gastric Cancer Treated with Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A Retrospective Multicenter Study in Korea
    Si Hyung Lee, Min Cheol Kim, Seong Woo Jeon, Kang Nyeong Lee, Jong Jae Park, Su Jin Hong
    Clinical Endoscopy.2020; 53(2): 196.     CrossRef
  • 9,708 View
  • 194 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • 6 Crossref
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Case Report
Strongyloidiasis Presenting as Yellowish Nodules in Colonoscopy of an Immunocompetent Patient
Hannah Ra, Jun-Won Chung, Dong Hae Chung, Jung Ho Kim, Yoon Jae Kim, Kyoung Oh Kim, Kwang An Kwon, Dong Kyun Park
Clin Endosc 2019;52(1):80-82.   Published online August 30, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2018.078
AbstractAbstract PDF
Strongyloides stercoralis is endemic to tropical and subtropical regions, and infections are usually asymptomatic. However, immunocompromised patients, such as those receiving immunosuppressive therapy, high-dose steroids, or chemotherapy, can develop fatal hyperinfections. An 84-year-old man without any symptoms was diagnosed with strongyloidiasis during a regular screening colonoscopy. His medical history only involved a gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer 6 months previously. Few cases have been published about asymptomatic strongyloidiasis diagnosed in an immunocompetent host via endoscopic mucosal resection with characteristic colonoscopic findings. We report a case of colon-involved asymptomatic strongyloidiasis with specific colonic findings of yellowish-white nodules. This finding may be an important marker of S. stercoralis infection, which could prevent hyperinfections.

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    Olga C Rojas, Alexandra M Montoya, Hiram Villanueva-Lozano, Diego Carrion-Alvarez
    Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2023; 117(10): 682.     CrossRef
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    Taehwa Kim, Seungjin Lim
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2022; 60(3): 181.     CrossRef
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    Omer Yousaf, Arisha Carreon, Ibrahim Mohsin
    European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Jaeho Bae, Mi Jin Jeong, Dong hoon Shin, Hyun Woo Kim, Sung Ho Ahn, Jun Ho Choi, Hak Sun Yu
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(6): 689.     CrossRef
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  • 127 Download
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Original Article
Factors Affecting Endoscopic Curative Resection of Gastric Cancer in the Population-Based Screening Era
Yoon Gwon Mun, Myung-Gyu Choi, Chul-Hyun Lim, Han Hee Lee, Dong Hoon Kang, Jae Myung Park, Kyo Young Song
Clin Endosc 2018;51(5):478-484.   Published online June 1, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2018.006
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
/Aims: Since population-based screening for gastric cancer in Korea was implemented, endoscopic treatment of early gastric cancer has become increasingly popular. This study investigates factors affecting endoscopic curative resection of early gastric cancer in population-based screening for gastric cancer.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed data of patients with newly diagnosed gastric cancer who underwent treatment at Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital. All patients completed questionnaires about clinical information, including interval between surveillance tests for gastric cancer.
Results
Of 469 gastric cancer patients, 147 (31.3%) had undergone curative endoscopic resection, 260 (55.4%) had undergone curative surgical resection, and 62 (13.3%) underwent non-curative resection or were in an inoperable state. Patients with curative endoscopic resection had fewer alarm symptoms/signs than other groups. In multivariate analysis, regular surveillance endoscopy was the only factor predicting curative endoscopic resection (odds ratio [OR], 6.099; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.532–14.933). In addition, patients undergoing gastric cancer screening had a significantly higher rate of endoscopic curative resection compared with subjects who had never been screened. (1-year interval: OR, 49.969; 95% CI, 6.340–393.827, 2-year interval: OR, 15.283; 95% CI, 1.833–127.406, over 2-year interval: OR, 10.651; 95% CI, 1.248–90.871). Shorter screening test intervals were associated with higher rates of endoscopic curative resection.
Conclusions
Regular surveillance testing was the independent factor predicting curative endoscopic resection of gastric cancer.

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    Lixiang Zhang, Baichuan Zhou, Panquan Luo, Aman Xu, Wenxiu Han, Zhijian Wei
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    Seong Woo Jeon
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Review
Closing the Gaps: Endoscopic Suturing for Large Submucosal and Full-Thickness Defects
Keshav Kukreja, Suma Chennubhotla, Bharat Bhandari, Ankit Arora, Shashideep Singhal
Clin Endosc 2018;51(4):352-356.   Published online March 5, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2017.117
AbstractAbstract PDF
This article is a systematic review of relevant literature on endoscopic suturing as a primary closure technique for large submucosal and full-thickness defects after endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), and endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR). A comprehensive literature search was conducted through 2016 by using PubMed, to find peer-reviewed original articles. The specific factors considered were the procedural indications and details, success rates, clinical outcomes including complications, and study limitations. Six original articles were included in the final review: two with non-human subjects and four with human subjects. The mean success rate of endoscopic suturing was 97.4% (100% for human subjects and 95.4% for non-human subjects). The procedural time ranged from 7 to 89 min. The average size and depth of lesions were 2.71 cm (3.74 cm [human] and 1.96 cm [non-human]) and 1.52 cm, respectively. The technique itself had no reported impact on mortality. In conclusion, endoscopic suturing is a minimally invasive technique for the primary closure of defects caused by EMR, ESD, and EFTR, with a high success and low complication rate.

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Focused Review Series: Endoscopic approaches to Neuroendocrine Tumors
Diagnosis and Management of Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumors
Shreya Chablaney, Zachary A. Zator, Nikhil A. Kumta
Clin Endosc 2017;50(6):530-536.   Published online November 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2017.134
AbstractAbstract PDF
The incidence of rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) has increased by almost ten-fold over the past 30 years. There has been a heightened awareness of the malignant potential of rectal NETs. Fortunately, many rectal NETs are discovered at earlier stages due to colon cancer screening programs. Endoscopic ultrasound is useful in assessing both residual tumor burden after retrospective diagnosis and tumor characteristics to help guide subsequent management. Current guidelines suggest endoscopic resection of rectal NETs ≤10 mm as a safe therapeutic option given their low risk of metastasis. Although a number of endoscopic interventions exist, the best technique for resection has not been identified. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has high complete and en-bloc resection rates, but also an increased risk of complications including perforation. In addition, ESD is only performed at tertiary centers by experienced advanced endoscopists. Endoscopic mucosal resection has been shown to have variable complete resection rates, but modifications to the technique such as the addition of band ligation have improved outcomes. Prospective studies are needed to further compare the available endoscopic interventions, and to elucidate the most appropriate course of management of rectal NETs.

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Case Report
Endoscopic Treatment of Jejunal Heterotopic Gastric Mucosa that Caused Recurrent Intussusception
Ke Ryun Ahn, Ja Seol Koo, Hwan Il Kim, Ji Hye Kim, Jee Hyun Lee, Seung Young Kim, Sung Woo Jung, Sang Woo Lee
Clin Endosc 2017;50(6):605-608.   Published online October 18, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2017.026
AbstractAbstract PDF
Heterotopic gastric mucosa (HGM) is a rare anomaly in the small bowel and may be the cause of intussusception when it gets a lead point in the jejunum. All cases of intussusception due to intestinal HGM have been treated with surgical resection. A 5-year-old girl presented with chief complaints of vomiting and abdominal pain for 2 weeks. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen showed intussusception at the proximal jejunal loops. Three air reductions and one saline reduction were attempted without success. She continued to be symptomatic, and endoscopic evaluation was performed. Enteroscopy revealed some variable-sized polypoid mucosal lesions with erosions on the proximal jejunum. Endoscopic mucosal resection was performed using a snare. The resected tissues histologically showed a hyperplastic polyp arising from the HGM. Her symptoms did not recur within 1 year after the treatment. Our case showed that enteroscopy could be useful for the diagnosis and management of jejunal intussusception caused by HGM.

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Original Article
Efficacy of Precut Endoscopic Mucosal Resection for Treatment of Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumors
Hoonsub So, Su Hyun Yoo, Seungbong Han, Gwang-un Kim, Myeongsook Seo, Sung Wook Hwang, Dong-Hoon Yang, Jeong-Sik Byeon
Clin Endosc 2017;50(6):585-591.   Published online October 12, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2017.039
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
/Aims: Endoscopic resection is the first-line treatment for rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) measuring <1 cm and those between 1 and 2 cm in size. However, conventional endoscopic resection cannot achieve complete resection in all cases. We aimed to analyze clinical outcomes of precut endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR-P) used for the management of rectal NET.
Methods
EMR-P was used to treat rectal NET in 72 patients at a single tertiary center between 2011 and 2015. Both, circumferential precutting and EMR were performed with the same snare device in all patients. Demographics, procedural details, and histopathological features were reviewed for all cases.
Results
Mean size of the tumor measured endoscopically was 6.8±2.8 mm. En bloc and complete resection was achieved in 71 (98.6%) and 67 patients (93.1%), respectively. The mean time required for resection was 9.0±5.6 min. Immediate and delayed bleeding developed in six (8.3%) and 4 patients (5.6%), respectively. Immediate bleeding observed during EMR-P was associated with the risk of delayed bleeding.
Conclusions
Both, the en bloc and complete resection rates of EMR-P in the treatment of rectal NETs using the same snare for precutting and EMR were noted to be high. The procedure was short and safe. EMR-P may be a good treatment choice for the management of rectal NETs.

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Review
Metachronous Gastric Cancer Following Curative Endoscopic Resection of Early Gastric Cancer
Seiichiro Abe, Ichiro Oda, Takeyoshi Minagawa, Masau Sekiguchi, Satoru Nonaka, Haruhisa Suzuki, Shigetaka Yoshinaga, Amit Bhatt, Yutaka Saito
Clin Endosc 2018;51(3):253-259.   Published online September 18, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2017.104
AbstractAbstract PDF
This review article summarizes knowledge about metachronous gastric cancer (MGC) occurring after curative endoscopic resection (ER) of early gastric cancer (EGC), treatment outcomes of patients who developed MGC, and efficacy of Helicobacter pylori eradication to prevent MGC. The incidence of MGC following curative ER increases over time and is higher than in patients undergoing gastrectomy. Increasing age and multifocal EGC are independent risk factors for developing MGC. An MGC following curative ER is usually a small (<20 mm) and differentiated intramucosal cancer. Most MGC lesions are found at an early stage on semiannual or annual surveillance endoscopy and are successfully treated by further ER, with excellent long-term outcomes. Eradication of H. pylori may reduce the risk of MGC following ER of EGC, but further prospective studies with long-term outcomes are required. Surveillance endoscopy following gastric ER should be continued indefinitely, due to the risk of MGC even after successful H. pylori eradication. Risk stratification and tailored endoscopic surveillance schedules need to be developed.

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Original Article
Therapeutic Outcomes of Endoscopic Resection of Early Gastric Cancer with Undifferentiated-Type Histology: A Korean ESD Registry Database Analysis
Chang Seok Bang, Jae Myung Park, Gwang Ho Baik, Jong Jae Park, Moon Kyung Joo, Jae Young Jang, Seong Woo Jeon, Suck Chei Choi, Jae Kyu Sung, Kwang Bum Cho
Clin Endosc 2017;50(6):569-577.   Published online July 25, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2017.017
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
/Aims: To assess the therapeutic outcomes of endoscopic resection (ER) of early gastric cancer (EGC) with undifferentiated-type histology.
Methods
Cases of ER of EGC with undifferentiated-type histology in the Korean endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) registry database were identified and reviewed. The immediate outcomes, including en bloc resection, complete resection, and curative resection rates, and long-term outcomes, including recurrence and survival rates, were extracted and analyzed.
Results
From 2006 to 2015, 275 EGCs with undifferentiated-type histology from 275 patients were identified. The immediate outcomes were as follows: en bloc resection rate: 92.4%; complete resection rate: 80%; and curative resection rate: 36.4%. Compared to patients with lesions that were beyond the expanded indication, those with expanded indication lesions showed better therapeutic outcomes. There was no difference in immediate outcomes between patients with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (PDC) and signet ring cell carcinoma (SRC). However, compared to ER of SRC, ER of PDC had a stronger association with submucosal invasion (41.9% vs. 23.6%, p=0.003). With regard to long-term outcomes, there was no difference between lesions with curative and non-curative resections in the recurrence and mortality rates. These rates also did not differ between PDC and SRC (median follow up: 3.96 years).
Conclusions
ER confined to expanded indication lesions can be considered for treatment of EGC with undifferentiated-type histology.

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Focused Review Series: Endoscopic Accessories Used for ESDs
History and Development of Accessories for Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
Bong Min Ko
Clin Endosc 2017;50(3):219-223.   Published online May 31, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2017.078
AbstractAbstract PDF
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) procedure is composed of circumferential mucosal incision and submucosal dissection. A variety of endoscopic accessories are required to perform mucosal incision and submucosal dissection safely. As a result of the improvements in ESD devices and peripheral equipment and development of the ESD technique, ESD procedures have been performed extensively worldwide. Here I review the history of the development of accessories used in performing ESD procedures.

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Accessory Devices Frequently Used for Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
Hyuk Soon Choi, Hoon Jai Chun
Clin Endosc 2017;50(3):224-233.   Published online May 31, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2017.070
AbstractAbstract PDF
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is increasingly being considered an essential component of treatment for early gastrointestinal cancers and subepithelial tumors. The ESD technique owes its popularity to the development of sophisticated instruments used for ESD. With an increase in the number of ESD procedures performed, there is rapid development in the number and types of endoscopic accessory devices used for such procedures. Despite the large numbers of new devices developed and marketed, the use of ESD instruments and accessory devices is largely determined by individual preferences and experiences. Accessory devices frequently used during ESD are important tools for ESD techniques. Each instrument possesses characteristic advantages and disadvantages associated with its use, and no one instrument is superior in all respects to others. In this article, we review the characteristics of endoscopic electrical knives, cap and hood, and hemostatic devices commonly used in ESD.

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Original Articles
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection with Circumferential Mucosal Incision for Colorectal Neoplasms: Comparison with Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection and between Two Endoscopists with Different Experiences
Dong-Hoon Yang, Min-Seob Kwak, Sang Hyoung Park, Byong Duk Ye, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Seung-Jae Myung, Suk-Kyun Yang, Hyun Gun Kim, Shai Friedland
Clin Endosc 2017;50(4):379-387.   Published online March 7, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2016.058
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
/Aims: Endoscopic mucosal resection with circumferential mucosal incision (CMI-EMR) may offer benefits comparable to those of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), while requiring less technical proficiency than ESD.
Methods
We retrospectively compared the outcomes of CMI-EMR (n=34) and size-matched ESD (n=102), which were performed by a Korean endoscopist for colorectal epithelial lesions of 20–35 mm. Procedural parameters of CMI-EMRs performed by an American ESD novice ((n=30) were compared with those performed by the Korean endoscopist.
Results
The lesion size was 22.3±3.9 mm and 22.9±2.4 mm in the CMI-EMR and size-matched ESD groups, respectively (p=0.730). The resection time was 12.7±7.0 minutes in the CMI-EMR group and 45.6±30.1 minutes in the ESD group (p<0.001). The en bloc resection rate was 94.1% in the CMI-EMR group and 100% in the ESD group (p=0.061). There were no differences in the en bloc resection and complication rates of CMI-EMRs between a Korean and an American endoscopist.
Conclusions
For the treatment of moderate-size colorectal lesions, CMI-EMR showed a trend toward lower en bloc resection rate, but required shorter procedure time than ESD. CMI-EMR outcomes were similar when performed by a Korean ESD expert and an American ESD novice.

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  • Comparison of precut endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection in the management of colorectal polyps: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Aamir Saeed, Saira Yousuf, Ahmad Zain, Muhammad Kashif, Sultan Mahmood, Umar Hayat, Azizullah Beran, Nasir Saleem, Yasi Xiao, Anand Kumar, Alexander Schlachterman, Thomas Kowalski, Mark Radlinski, Thiruvengadam Muniraj, Faisal Kamal
    European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2026; 38(6): 699.     CrossRef
  • Pre-snaring endoscopic mucosal resection: a simplified alternative to precutting technique for large sessile serrated lesions
    Pan Xu, LiYun Fu, Wan Zhou
    Endoscopy.2026; 58(S 02): E631.     CrossRef
  • Endoscopic mucosal resection with a circumferential incision in the removal of colon neoplasms. Results of a randomized trial.
    E. U. Abdulzhalieva, A. A. Likutov, V. V. Veselov, D. A. Mtvralashvili, O. M. Yugai, E. A. Khomyakov, S. V. Chernyshov, O. I. Sushkov
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    Yunho Jung
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  • Hybrid Endoscopic Resection With Endo-knife and Snare for Colorectal Lesions: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
    Shinji Yoshii, Takefumi Kikuchi, Yuki Hayashi, Masahiro Nojima, Hiro-o Yamano, Hiroshi Nakase
    Techniques and Innovations in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2023; 25(2): 135.     CrossRef
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    Mike T Wei, Margaret J Zhou, Andrew A Li, Andrew Ofosu, Joo Ha Hwang, Shai Friedland
    World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2023; 15(6): 458.     CrossRef
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    Chang Kyo Oh, Young Wook Cho, In Hyoung Choi, Han Hee Lee, Chul‐Hyun Lim, Jin Su Kim, Bo‐In Lee, Young‐Seok Cho
    Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2022; 37(3): 568.     CrossRef
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    Endrit Shahini, Roberto Passera, Giacomo Lo Secco, Alberto Arezzo
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Use of a Double-Channel Gastroscope Reduces Procedural Time in Large Left-Sided Colonic Endoscopic Mucosal Resections
Evangelos Voudoukis, Georgios Tribonias, Aikaterini Tavernaraki, Angeliki Theodoropoulou, Emmanouil Vardas, Konstantina Paraskeva, Gregorios Chlouverakis, Gregorios A. Paspatis
Clin Endosc 2015;48(2):136-141.   Published online March 27, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2015.48.2.136
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background/Aims

Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of large colorectal lesions is associated with increased procedural time. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of double-channel gastroscope (DCG) use on the procedural time of EMRs in the rectosigmoid area.

Methods

All EMRs for sessile or flat rectosigmoid lesions ≥2 cm performed between July 2011 and September 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

There were 55 lesions ≥2 cm in the rectosigmoid area in 55 patients, of which 26 were removed by EMR using a DCG (DC group) and 29 by using an ordinary colonoscope or gastroscope (OS group). The mean size of the removed polyps, morphology, adverse effects, and other parameters were similar between the two groups. The mean procedural time was significantly lower in the DC group than in the OS group (24.4±18.3 minutes vs. 36.3±24.4 minutes, p=0.015). Moreover, in a subgroup of patients with polyps >40 mm, the statistical difference in the mean procedural time between the DC and OS groups was even more pronounced (33±21 minutes vs. 58.7±20.6 minutes, p=0.004).

Conclusions

Our data suggest that the use of a DCG in the resection of large nonpedunculated rectosigmoid lesions significantly reduces the procedural time.

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    Edgar Castillo-Regalado, Hugo Uchima
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    Bilal Khan, Bilquis Nawabi, Daniya Sivakumar, Said Maisam Shuoa, Ruihua Shi
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    Benjamin Meier, Andreas Wannhoff, Christoph Klinger, Karel Caca
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    Antonella De Ceglie, Cesare Hassan, Benedetto Mangiavillano, Takahisa Matsuda, Yutaka Saito, Lorenzo Ridola, Pradeep Bhandari, Federica Boeri, Massimo Conio
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    Kwang An Kwon
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Endoscopic Mucosal Resection with Circumferential Incision for the Treatment of Large Sessile Polyps and Laterally Spreading Tumors of the Colorectum
Young Mi Hong, Hyung Wook Kim, Su Bum Park, Cheol Woong Choi, Dae Hwan Kang
Clin Endosc 2015;48(1):52-58.   Published online January 31, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2015.48.1.52
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background/Aims

Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is the standard treatment for colorectal polyps such as adenomas and early cancers with no risk of lymph node metastasis. However, endoscopic resection of large colorectal polyps (≥20 mm diameter) is difficult to perform. We evaluated the clinical outcomes of EMR with circumferential incision (EMR-CI) for the resection of large sessile polyps (Is) and laterally spreading tumors (LSTs) in the colorectum.

Methods

Between February 2009 and March 2011, we resected 80 large colorectal polyps by EMR-CI. We retrospectively investigated the en bloc resection rate, histologic complete resection rate, recurrence rate, and complications.

Results

The median polyp size was approximately 25 mm (range, 20 to 50), and the morphologic types included Is (13 cases), LST-granular (37 cases), and LST-nongranular (30 cases). The en bloc and complete histologic resection rates were 66.3% and 45.0%, respectively. The recurrence rate was 0% (median follow-up duration, 23 months), and perforation occurred in five cases (6.3%).

Conclusions

EMR-CI is an effective treatment modality for 20 to 30 mm-sized colorectal polyps, and may be considered as a second line therapeutic option if ESD is difficult.

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    Shin Morimoto, Hidenori Tanaka, Yudai Takehara, Noriko Yamamoto, Fumiaki Tanino, Yuki Kamigaichi, Ken Yamashita, Hidehiko Takigawa, Ryo Yuge, Yuji Urabe, Shiro Oka
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Focused Review Series: Endoscopic and Molecular Imaging of Premalignant GI Lesions, Part II
Histopathology in Barrett Esophagus and Barrett Esophagus-Related Dysplasia
Andrea Grin, Catherine J. Streutker
Clin Endosc 2014;47(1):31-39.   Published online January 24, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2014.47.1.31
AbstractAbstract PDF

Pathologic specimens, both biopsies and endoscopic mucosal resections, for Barrett esophagus and Barrett-associated dysplasia and malignancy are common for pathologists in North America, and the incidence in South Asian countries seems to be increasing. Dysplasia and malignancy arising in intestinalized gastric-type mucosa raises issues in the interpretation of dysplasia and the evaluation of the depth of invasion of malignancies that are not seen in squamous dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. We review the North American approach to these lesions.

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    Douglas Motomura, Robert Bechara
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    Hanan M. Garalla, Nantaporn Lertkowit, Laszlo Tiszlavicz, Zita Reisz, Chris Holmberg, Rob Beynon, Deborah Simpson, Akos Varga, Jothi Dinesh Kumar, Steven Dodd, David Mark Pritchard, Andrew R. Moore, András I. Rosztóczy, Tibor Wittman, Alec Simpson, Graham
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Case Reports
Endoscopic Treatment of Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumors
Sang Ho Kim, Chang Hwan Park, Ho Seok Ki, Chung Hwan Jun, Seon Young Park, Hyun Soo Kim, Sung Kyu Choi, Jong Sun Rew
Clin Endosc 2013;46(6):656-661.   Published online November 19, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2013.46.6.656
AbstractAbstract PDF

Duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare neoplasms. In this study, the medical records of 14 patients with duodenal NETs diagnosed at Chonnam National University Hospital from July 2001 to August 2011 were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively. Four patients were diagnosed in the first 5 years, and 10 patients were diagnosed in the latter 5 years of the study. Ten of 12 patients (83.3%) who underwent endoscopic biopsy were confirmed to have NET before resection. Endoscopic resection was performed in 12 patients, surgical resection in one patient, and regular follow-up in one patient who refused resection. None of the patients showed recurrence or distant metastasis. Duodenal NETs are increasingly observed and are mostly detected during screening upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Careful endoscopic examination and biopsy can improve the diagnostic yield of NETs. Most well-differentiated, nonfunctional duodenal NETs that are limited to the mucosa/submucosa can be treated effectively with endoscopic resection.

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    Palki Dewan, Shubha P. Bhat, H. L. Kishan Prasad, Rajesh Ballal, K. Sajitha
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    Chad Bisambar, Andrew Collier, Fraser Duthie, Carron Meney
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Successful Endoscopic Mucosal Resection of a Low Esophageal Carcinoid Tumor
Chang Sup Lim, Seun Ja Park, Moo In Park, Won Moon, Hyung Hun Kim, Jun Sik Lee, Bong Jin Kim, Dong Young Ku
Clin Endosc 2013;46(5):576-578.   Published online September 30, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2013.46.5.576
AbstractAbstract PDF

Esophageal carcinoid tumors remain some of the rarest of all carcinoid tumors, with only several cases previously reported in the literature. The endoscopic mucosal resection of selected carcinoid tumors has been shown to be a valid, safe, and effective method of treatment. Endoscopic ultrasonography is the technique of choice to select patients eligible for endoscopic resection. Here, we report successful endoscopic mucosal resection of a low esophageal carcinoid tumor and review the relevant literature. The present case is the first reported case of esophageal carcinoid tumor in Korea.

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    Sarah K. Findeis, Atin Agarwal
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    Konstantinos Triantafyllou, Paraskevas Gkolfakis, Nikos Viazis, Panagiotis Tsibouris, Athanasios Tsigaridas, Periklis Apostolopoulos, John Anastasiou, Eleni Hounda, Ioannis Skianis, Konstantina Katopodi, Xhoela Ndini, George Alexandrakis, Demetrios G. Kar
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    J.G. Albert, O. Humbla, M.E. McAlindon, C. Davison, U. Seitz, C. Fraser, F. Hagenmüller, E. Noetzel, C. Spada, M.E. Riccioni, J. Barnert, N. Filmann, M. Keuchel
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    Cary G. Sauer, Steven H. Erdman
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  • Endoscopic resection using band ligation for esophageal SMT in less than 10 mm
    Joung Boom Hong
    World Journal of Gastroenterology.2015; 21(10): 2982.     CrossRef
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Special Issue Article of IDEN 2013
Tips and Tricks for Better Endoscopic Treatment of Colorectal Tumors: Usefulness of Cap and Band in Colorectal Endoscopic Mucosal Resection
Seun Ja Park
Clin Endosc 2013;46(5):492-494.   Published online September 30, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2013.46.5.492
AbstractAbstract PDF

Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is an endoscopic alternative to surgical resection of mucosal and submucosal neoplastic lesions. Prior to the development of knives, EMR could be performed with accessories to elevate the lesion. After the development of various knives, en bloc resection was possible without other accessories. So, recently, simple snaring without suction or endoscopic submucosal dissection using knife in the epithelial lesions such as adenoma or early mucosal cancer has been performed. However, for easy and complete resection of subepithelial lesions such as carcinoid tumor, a few accessories are needed. Complete resection of rectal carcinoid tumors is difficult to achieve with conventional endoscopic resection techniques because these tumors often extend into the submucosa. The rate of positive resection margin for tumor is lower in the group of EMR using a cap (EMR-C) or EMR with a ligation device (EMR-L) than conventional EMR group. EMR-C and EMR-L (or endoscopic submucosal resection with a ligation device) may be a superior method to conventional EMR for removing small rectal carcinoid tumors.

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Case Report
Endoscopic Resection of Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Gene Hyun Bok, Won Young Cho, Joo Young Cho, So Young Jin, Ji Ho Ahn, Chang Gyun Chun, Tae Hee Lee, Hyun Gun Kim
Clin Endosc 2013;46(2):189-192.   Published online March 31, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2013.46.2.189
AbstractAbstract PDF

Hypopharyngeal cancers are often diagnosed at an advanced stage and have a poor prognosis. Even when they are diagnosed at an operable stage, surgery often results in substantial morbidity and decreased patients' quality of life. Although the endoscopic diagnosis of early hypopharyngeal cancer is difficult, recent developments in advanced imaging endoscopy have enabled easier diagnosis of these lesions. Endoscopic resection of early hypopharyngeal cancer is a potential minimally invasive treatment that can preserve the function and quality of life of patients. Reports of this procedure are limited, however. We report a case of hypopharygeal cancer treated with endoscopic resection.

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    Wei‐Chen Huang, Li‐Hsiang Cheng, Tien‐Yu Huang, Yu‐Lueng Shih, Wei‐Kuo Chang, Tsai‐Yuan Hsieh, Peng‐Jen Chen
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Is Endoscopic Resection Currently Available in Non-tertiary or Non-academic Hospitals?
Seong Woo Jeon, M.D., Min Kyu Jung, M.D., Sung Kook Kim, M.D., Tae Nyeun Kim, M.D.*, Byung Ik Jang, M.D.*, Si Hyung Lee, M.D.*, Kyeong Ok Kim, M.D.*, Eun Soo Kim, M.D., Kwang Bum Cho, M.D., Kyung Sik Park, M.D.
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;41(6):338-343.   Published online December 30, 2010
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
/Aims: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) has been gaining popularity with the advances in the technique and the accumulating experience. The objectives of this study are to assess the current situation of endoscopic resection (ER) in primary clinics and community-based hospitals and to suggest an affordable training program.
Methods
A questionnaire about the indications to perform ER for gastric or colonic lesions was sent to the doctors working in the non-tertiary hospitals by mail. Results: The responders who were performing EMR or polypectomy for gastric lesions accounted for 43% (31/72) and 44.8% (47/101), respectively, of the total responders. The percentage of responders who had experience with performing EMR or polypectomy for colonic lesions accounted for 56.6% (30/53) and 87.3% (62/71), respectively, of the total responders. The indication for ER for treating gastric and colonic lesions was restricted to the size of 1∼2 cm irrespective of the type or location of lesion. Most of the responders assumed that ER should be performed in their clinics and they wanted to have a chance to improve these techniques.
Conclusions
The infrastructure for therapeutic endoscopy, such as ER, should be progressively expanded. Therefore, well designed schematic training programs are currently needed to advance using ER more commonly in clinical practice. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;41:338-343)
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Three Cases of Endoscopic Mucosal Resection of Rectal Carcinoid Tumor by Band Ligation and the Snare Resection Technique
Young Hwa Jo, M.D., Ji Hun Roh, M.D., Dong Young Goo, M.D., Jae Hoon Yoo, M.D., Ki Soo Kim, M.D., Young Min Shin, M.D., Sung Hoon Kim, M.D. and Ji Eun Park, M.D.
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;41(1):45-51.   Published online July 31, 2010
AbstractAbstract PDF
Many reports have shown that endoscopic polypectomy or endoscopic mucosal resection can successfully remove tumor less than 1.0 cm in size. However, most carcinoid tumors in the rectum occur in the submucosal layer so that the entire tumor cannot be completely removed via endoscopic polypectomy or endoscopic mucosal resection. Endoscopic mucosal resection can also cause perforation of the intestinal wall and bleeding. Due to these reasons, instead of these two conventional methods, endoscopic mucosal resection using a ligation device is currently being used for the treatment of rectal carcinoid tumor. Recent studies that used this method have reported that endoscopic mucosal resection of rectal carcinoid tumor by band ligation and the snare resection technique is safe with minimal complications and this is quite useful to completely remove rectal carcinoid tumor. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;41:45-51)
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A Case of Early-stage Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anal Canal Diagnosed by Endoscopic Mucosal Resection
Soo Woong Kim, M.D., Jae Myung Cha, M.D., Joung Il Lee, M.D., Kwang Ro Joo, M.D., Sung Won Jung, M.D., Hyun Phil Shin, M.D., Yu Jin Suh, M.D. and Jun Uk Lim, M.D.
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;40(5):329-333.   Published online May 30, 2010
AbstractAbstract PDF
In the past, abdominoperineal resection was routinely performed for anal canal cancer, yet it is now known that squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal has a favorable prognosis and it rarely requires radical surgery. Furthermore, T1 anal cancer, which represents about 10% of all anal canal cancers, has an excellent prognosis. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), which has been used for removal of early-stage adenocarcinoma of the rectum, has not been reported as a treatment option for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal because making the endoscopic diagnosis of early-stage anal canal cancer is very difficult. We have experienced a case of early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal that was identified without symptoms during routine screening colonoscopy and it was removed by EMR. As far as we know, it is the first case of early-stage anal canal cancer that was diagnosed and treated by endoscopic mucosal resection. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;40:329-333)
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A Case of Primary Duodenal Adenocarcinoma Treated by Endoscopic Mucosal Resection
Kun Hyung Cho, M.D., Jae Young Jang, M.D., Ji-Yun Kim, M.D., HyunJin Park, M.D., Nam Sook Park, M.D., Jeung Eun Park, M.D., Seong Dong Sohn, M.D. and Yun Hwa Kim, M.D.*
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;40(3):186-189.   Published online March 30, 2010
AbstractAbstract PDF
Primary nonampullary duodenal adenocarcinoma is an extremely rare disease. In the past, almost all duodenal adenocarcinomas were detected at an advanced stage. Yet recently, an increased number of case reports of early duodenal adenocarcinoma has coincided with the advances in the field of endoscopy, and there has also been an increased number of case reports of duodenal adenocarcinoma treated by endoscopic mucosal resection. We report here on a case of primary nonampullary duodenal adenocarcinoma that was treated by endoscopic mucosal resection, and there has been no recurrence for over 3 years, as assessed by endoscopic examination. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;40:186-189)
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Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Colorectal Tumors
Sang Un Park, M.D. and Dong Kyung Chang, M.D.
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;40(3):145-156.   Published online March 30, 2010
AbstractAbstract PDF
Because screening gastrointestinal endoscopies have been widely performed recently, diagnosis rates of early stage cancer have been increasing rapidly. This trend has also led to advances in therapeutic endoscopy, which is less invasive than surgery. The state-of-the-art technique, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), allows more favorable outcomes than conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) regarding en-bloc resection of the lesion, irrespective of the size of the lesion. ESD has already been established as the standard therapeutic option for neoplastic lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract. However, the use of ESD for colorectal lesions is not yet established because of the unique pathological, organ specific characteristics of colonic lesions. Moreover, endoscopists are required to have higher qualifications to perform ESD and tend to cause complications more frequently. Nevertheless, it is obvious that ESD has a therapeutic advantage for certain colonic lesions and enables endoscopists to achieve a higher en-bloc resection rate, resulting in enhanced curability and more accurate histopathological assessment. Recent development of a special colonoscope for ESD and refinement of devices such as surgical knives and traction systems are expected to overcome some limitations of ESD and a standard protocol will be available in the near future. In this review, we will discuss the current status and future prospects of colorectal ESD. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;40:145-156)
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Duodenal Carcinoid Tumor Treated by Endoscopic Mucosal Resection
Jong Hak Choi, M.D., In Do Song, M.D., In Soo Oh, M.D., Beom Jin Kim, M.D., Hyoung Chul Oh, M.D., Jeong Wook Kim, M.D. and Jae Gyu Kim, M.D.
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;40(1):36-40.   Published online January 30, 2010
AbstractAbstract PDF
Duodenal carcinoid tumors are rare, and they represent only 2.0∼8.9% of all gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors in the western countries. Duodenal carcinoid tumors have previously been treated by surgical resection. The recently recommended treatment for a carcinoid tumor smaller than 1 cm in diameter is endoscopic resection. We experienced a case of a duodenal carcinoid tumor in a 56 year-old man who presented with upper abdominal pain. On the endoscopic examination, a 6 mm sized polypoid lesion with a central depression was noticed on the duodenal bulb. The biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of carcinoid tumor. The endoscopic ultrasound probe showed a hypoechoic tumor that was confined to the submocosal layer. The tumor was completely resected by an endoscopic mucosal resection technique and using a transparent cap. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;40:36-40)
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Successful Treatment of Gastric Hamartomatous Polyp with Hemorrhage by Endoscopic Mucosal Resection
Jung Min Lee, M.D., Ji Hoon Baek, M.D., Hye Mi Kang, M.D., Byeng Do Min, M.D., Sang Hoon Park, M.D., Ji Woong Kim, M.D., Jin Woong Cho, M.D. and Myoung Jin Ju, M.D.*
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2009;39(5):300-303.   Published online November 30, 2009
AbstractAbstract PDF
Hamartomatous polyp is an uncommon lesion. Most of the gastric hamartomatous polyps occur in patients in their 40s because of polyposis coli. Gastric hamartomaotus polyps are usually asymptomatic, but they occasionally manifest with hematemesis or anemia. If they are congenital, then sessile polyps in children should be observed with some measurable frequency. However, many reports have revealed that if the polyp size is big and the risk of rebleeding is high, then ESD or surgical resection can be used to completely remove them. An inverted gastric hamartomatous polyp may have an early gastric cancer component. We report here on an unusual polyp in a 14-years male who presented with hematemesis. Those were about two 3 cm sized large polyps at the proximal antrum and mid body of the stomach, respectively. The polyps were successfully removed by an endoscopic mucosal resection and the lesions were diagnosed as gastric harmatomas. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2009;39:300-303)
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Periampullary Gangliocytic Paraganglioma Successfully Treated by Endoscopic Mucosal Resection
Seon Young Park, M.D., Young A Song, M.D., Nam Chul Jin, M.D., Jun Ho Cho, M.D., Young Eun Joo, M.D., Hyun Soo Kim, M.D., Sung Kyu Choi, M.D. and Jong Sun Rew, M.D.
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2009;39(2):97-102.   Published online August 30, 2009
AbstractAbstract PDF
Gangliocytic paraganglioma is a rare tumor that occurs nearly exclusively in the second portion of the duodenum. This tumor is usually considered to be benign. So, endoscopic resection may be the best procedure to facilitate the diagnosis and for treatment to avoid an unnecessary, invasive operation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a periampullary gangliocytic paraganglioma that was successfully treated by endoscopic mucosal resection in Korea. We report here a case of a 45-year-old man who was found to have a periampullary gangliocytic paraganglioma. This tumor was adequately treated by endoscopic mucosal resection. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2009;39:97-102)
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