Clinical Endoscopy

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Endoscopic Band Ligation Versus Argon Plasma Coagulation in the Treatment of Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials: Bruno Salomão Hirsch, Igor Braga Ribeiro, Mateus Pereira Funari, Diogo Turiani Hourneaux de Moura, Sergio Eiji Matuguma, Sergio A. Sánchez-Luna, Fabio Catache Mancini, Guilherme Henrique Peixoto de Oliveira, Wanderley Marques Bernardo, Eduardo Guimarães Hourneaux de Moura; Clin Endosc 2021;54(5):669-677. Published online May 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2021.063

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Background
/Aims: Argon plasma coagulation (APC) is the most commonly used endoscopic treatment for gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE). Endoscopic band ligation (EBL) has emerged as an alternative therapy. Our goal was to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of APC and EBL for the treatment of GAVE. This is the first systematic review that included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on this topic.
Methods
A comprehensive search was performed using electronic databases to identify RCTs comparing APC and EBL for the treatment of GAVE following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines.
Results
Four RCTs were included, with a total of 204 patients. EBL was related to higher endoscopic eradication rates risk difference [RD], 0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.14, 0.44]; I²=0%) and less bleeding recurrence than APC (RD, 0.29; 95% CI [0.15, 0.44]; I²=0%). Patients treated with EBL required fewer blood transfusions (mean difference [MD], 1.49; 95% CI [0.28, 2.71]; I²=96%) and hospitalizations (MD, 0.29; 95% CI [0.19, 0.39]; I²=0%). The number of sessions required for the obliteration of lesions was higher with APC. There was no difference in the incidence of adverse events.
Conclusions
EBL is superior to APC in the treatment of GAVE in terms of endoscopic eradication rates, recurrence of bleeding, and transfusion requirements.

Citations

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Original Article

Is Endoscopic Band Ligation a Superior Treatment Modality for Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia Compared to Argon Plasma Coagulation?: Neil Robert O’Morain, Helen O’Donovan, Caroline Conlon, Eileen Shannon, Diarmuid Manning, Eoin Slattery; Clin Endosc 2021;54(4):548-554. Published online January 13, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2020.236

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background
/Aims: Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is a rare acquired vascular lesion of the gastric antrum. The most frequent presentation of GAVE is iron deficiency anemia. Endoscopic therapy is the mainstay of treatment. However, there is no consensus regarding the optimal treatment modality.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study was performed on patients with GAVE, including patients receiving endoscopic therapy. Treatment was with either argon plasma coagulation (APC) or endoscopic band ligation (EBL). Basic demographic data, indication for index procedure, number of sessions, and pre- and post-hemoglobin levels were collected. The aim of the study was to compare outcomes across the two treatment modalities.
Results
One hundred and seventeen diagnoses of GAVE were made. Sixty-two patients (53%) required endoscopic treatment for symptomatic GAVE (female, n=38, 61%; mean age of 74.4 years). Two hundred and eighteen procedures were performed during the study period. APC was performed (n=161, 74%) more frequently than EBL (n=57, 26%). Patients treated with APC at index required a median 5 subsequent therapeutic interventions (APC or EBL), while those treated with EBL at index required a further 2.9 treatments (EBL only) (p<0.05).
Conclusions
APC was the most common treatment modality employed. We demonstrate an increasing incidence of EBL. Patients treated with EBL at index treatment required fewer subsequent treatment sessions and had a greater mean rise in hemoglobin. This suggests a more effective endoscopic response with EBL.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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Two Cases of Rectal Vascular Ectasia in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis and Who Were Treated by Argon Plasma Coagulation: Woong Park, M.D., Chang Il Kwon, M.D., Young Jun Song, M.D., Han Ul Song, M.D., Ju Hee Oh, M.D., Kwang Hyun Ko, M.D. and Kyu Sung Rim, M.D.; Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2009;38(3):171-175. Published online March 30, 2009

Abstract PDF: The term "vascular ectasia" is defined to include angiodysplasia, gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) and telangiectasis, and these are the leading causes of acute or chronic gastrointestinal bleeding. We describe here the first 2 Korean cases of GAVE with rectal vascular ectasia in patients with liver cirrhosis. A 70-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with hematochezia. The finding on endoscopy showed diffuse nonconfluent spots with oozing bleeding on the antrum and several vascular spots with oozing bleeding on the rectum. The lesions were successfully treated by argon plasma coagulation (APC). We report on another case of rectal vascular ectasia in a patient with liver cirrhosis. A 77-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with hematochezia. The findings on colonoscopy showed diffuse vascular spots with oozing bleeding on the rectum. The lesions were successfully treated by APC. These two patients have had no bleeding since their treatment, and they are currently being evaluated by follow-up studies at the outpatient department. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2009;38:171-175)

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증례 : 식도 위장관 ; 위전정부 혈관확장증 ( Gastric antral vascular ectasia ) 1예 ( Case Reports : Esophagus , Stomach & Intestine ; A Case of Watermelon Stomach ( Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia ) ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1998;18(1):81-85. Published online November 30, 1997

Abstract PDF: Watermelon stomach or gastric antral vascular ectasia is a rare disorder causing gastric blood loss and iron deficicncy anemia. Endoscopically, it has characteristic thickened red vascular folds radiating from the pylorus to the antrum. This condition is often mis- diagnosed as antral hemorrhagic gastritis. Diagnosis is made primarily by endoscopy. Histologic examination of the endoscopic mucosal biopsies may confirm the endoscopic diagnosis. Treatment for watermelon stomach includes steroids, estrogen-progesterone combinations, somatostatin antagonists, tranexamic acid, heater probe, and laser therapy. Herein we report a case of watermelon stomach presenting with general weakness and persistent iron deficiency anemia for about 2 years in a 70-year-old woman. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 18: 81-84, 1998)

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