Clinical Endoscopy

Role of linked color imaging for upper gastrointestinal disease: present and future: Sang Pyo Lee; Clin Endosc 2023;56(5):546-552. Published online June 9, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.015

Techniques for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy are advancing to facilitate lesion detection and improve prognosis. However, most early tumors in the upper gastrointestinal tract exhibit subtle color changes or morphological features that are difficult to detect using white light imaging. Linked color imaging (LCI) has been developed to overcome these shortcomings; it expands or reduces color information to clarify color differences, thereby facilitating the detection and observation of lesions. This article summarizes the characteristics of LCI and advances in LCI-related research in the upper gastrointestinal tract field.

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Image-Enhanced Endoscopy in Lower Gastrointestinal Diseases: Present and Future: Han Hee Lee, Bo-In Lee; Clin Endosc 2018;51(6):534-540. Published online November 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2018.187

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From dye-assisted conventional chromoendoscopy to novel virtual chromoendoscopy, image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) is continuously evolving to meet clinical needs and improve the quality of colonoscopy. Dye-assisted chromoendoscopy using indigo carmine or crystal violet, although slightly old-fashioned, is still useful to emphasize the pit patterns of the colonic mucosa and predict the histological structures of relevant lesions. Equipment-based virtual chromoendoscopy has the advantage of being relatively easy to use. There are several types of virtual chromoendoscopy that vary depending on the manufacturer and operating principle. IEE plays distinctive roles with respect to histologic characterization of colorectal polyps and prediction of the invasion depth of colorectal cancers. In addition, the newest models of IEE have the potential to increase adenoma and polyp detection rates in screening colonoscopy.

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From Staining Techniques to Artificial Intelligence: A Review of Colorectal Polyps Characterization
Kareem Khalaf, Mary Raina Angeli Fujiyoshi, Marco Spadaccini, Tommy Rizkala, Daryl Ramai, Matteo Colombo, Alessandro Fugazza, Antonio Facciorusso, Silvia Carrara, Cesare Hassan, Alessandro Repici
Medicina.2024; 60(1): 89. CrossRef
Approaches and considerations in the endoscopic treatment of T1 colorectal cancer
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The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2024; 39(4): 563. CrossRef
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Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2023; 66(11): 633. CrossRef
Evaluation of the Serrated Lesions Detection Rate and Its Role as a Colonoscopy Quality Criteria
Conceição de Maria Aquino Vieira Clairet, José Luis Braga De Aquino, Laurent Martial Clairet
Journal of Coloproctology.2021; 41(03): 228. CrossRef
Impact of new techniques on adenoma detection rate based on meta-analysis data
Chih-Wei Tseng, FelixW Leung, Yu-Hsi Hsieha
Tzu Chi Medical Journal.2020; 32(2): 131. CrossRef

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Colon Cancer Screening with Image-Enhanced Endoscopy: Bong Min Ko; Clin Endosc 2014;47(6):504-508. Published online November 30, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2014.47.6.504

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer mortality worldwide, and this has led to an increased use of screening colonoscopy. This screening has resulted in long-term risk reduction in asymptomatic individuals. However, endoscopists may fail to detect advanced adenomas or colon cancer during screening. The reasons that adenomas or cancers are missed are thought to be associated with the location of the lesions or the skills of the endoscopist. To address the limitations of white light endoscopy (WLE) for adenoma detection, advanced endoscopic images have recently been used. Image-enhanced endoscopies (IEEs), including the use of topical dyes, optical filtering, and ultramagnification, allow for gastrointestinal lesion analysis. Many studies have compared the adenoma detection rate (ADR) obtained by using WLE and IEE, but with different results. IEE can be used to help the endoscopist to improve their ADR in screening colonoscopy. This review examines the possible roles of image-enhanced colonoscopy in CRC screening.

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World Journal of Gastroenterology.2015; 21(33): 9693. CrossRef

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Equipment-Based Image-Enhanced Endoscopy for Differentiating Colorectal Polyps: Ja Seol Koo; Clin Endosc 2014;47(4):330-333. Published online July 28, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2014.47.4.330

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The use of colonoscopy for the screening and surveillance of colorectal cancer has increased. However, the miss rate of advanced colorectal neoplasm is known to be 2% to 6%, which could be affected by the image intensity of colorectal lesions. Image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) is capable of highlighting lesions, which can improve the colorectal adenoma detection rate and diagnostic accuracy. Equipment-based IEE methods, such as narrow band imaging (NBI), Fujinon intelligent color enhancement (FICE), and i-Scan, are used to observe the mucosal epithelium of the microstructure and capillaries of the lesion, and are helpful in the detection and differential diagnosis of colorectal tumors. Although NBI is similar to chromoendoscopy in terms of adenoma detection rates, NBI can be used to differentiate colorectal polyps and to predict the submucosal invasion of malignant tumors. It is also known that FICE and i-Scan are similar to NBI in their detection rates of colorectal lesions. Through more effective and advanced endoscopic equipment, diagnostic accuracy could be improved and new treatment paradigms developed.

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