Clinical Endoscopy

Endoscopic diagnosis of gastric metastases from malignant melanoma: systematic review: Helena Campoli Reggiani, Ana Clara Aguiar Pongeluppi, Vitória Froes Miraglia Martins Ferreira, Isadora Pinheiro Felix, Paulo Moacir de Oliveira Campoli; Clin Endosc 2022;55(4):507-515. Published online June 28, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2022.035

Background
/Aims: Metastases of malignant melanoma (MM) are rare and associated with poor prognosis. The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical and endoscopic characteristics of gastric metastases of MM by systematically reviewing cases and case series involving patients diagnosed using upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Methods
The PubMed and LILACS databases were searched. Reports containing individual patient data were included. Outcomes such as clinical data, endoscopic findings, treatments, and survival were analyzed.
Results
A total of 88 studies with individual data from 113 patients with gastric metastases of MM were included. The primary sites of MM were the skin (62%), eyes (10%), and mucous membranes (6%). Most patients (56%) had multiple metastases in the stomach, located predominantly in the gastric body (approximately 80%). The overall survival rate at 2 years was 4%. There was a significant reduction in the survival of patients with multiple gastric metastases compared to that of patients with single metastasis (hazard ratio, 0.459; 95% confidence interval, 0.235−0.895; p=0.022).
Conclusions
Gastric metastases of MM have a poor prognosis, especially in patients with multiple implants in the stomach. Additional studies are needed to verify whether ocular and mucosal melanomas are associated with a higher risk of gastric metastases than that of cutaneous melanomas.

Citations

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Case Report: Can You See the Elephant in the Room? Skin Melanoma Revealed by Gastric Metastasis
Ramzi Tababi, Amal Khsiba, Moufida Mahmoudi, Asma Ben Mohamed, Manel Yakoubi, Ghada Gharbi, Abir Chaabane, Emna Chelbi, Mouna Medhioub, Mohamed Lamine Hamzaoui
F1000Research.2025; 13: 1019. CrossRef
A Rare Case of Gastric Metastasis from a Rare Case of Mucosal Malignant Melanoma
Zaim Gashi, Astrit Hamza, Blerina Ukimeri, Valon Hamza, Marigona Zubaku-Rakovic
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences.2024; 12(2): 362. CrossRef
Case Report: Gastric Metastasis revealing a Disseminated Skin Melanoma: A Case Report and Literature Review
Ramzi Tababi, Amal Khsiba, Moufida Mahmoudi, Asma Ben Mohamed, Manel Yakoubi, Ghada Gharbi, Abir Chaabane, Emna Chelbi, Mouna Medhioub, Mohamed Lamine Hamzaoui
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Sliced Tomato Appearance of Malignant Melanoma: Diffuse Involvement of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Presenting With Melena
Nathanial Bartosek, Inayat Gill, Atulkumar Patel
ACG Case Reports Journal.2024; 11(10): e01459. CrossRef
Case Report: The Elephant in the Room: Skin Melanoma Unveiled by Gastric Metastasis
Ramzi Tababi, Amal Khsiba, Moufida Mahmoudi, Asma Ben Mohamed, Manel Yakoubi, Ghada Gharbi, Abir Chaabane, Emna Chelbi, Mouna Medhioub, Mohamed Lamine Hamzaoui
F1000Research.2024; 13: 1019. CrossRef
Case report: Malignant melanoma of the lower limb with gastric metastasis
Qiang Hu, Fengru Zhou, Yuanshui Sun
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Acute Liver Failure Secondary to Hepatic Infiltration of Malignant Melanoma: Yujin Lee, Jaekwang Lee, Hyunsoo Kim, Changkeun Park, Jaekwon Jung, Daejin Kim, Yun Jin Chung, Hanjun Ryu; Clin Endosc 2022;55(2):287-291. Published online April 1, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2020.272

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Acute liver failure due to malignant melanoma is uncommon. We presents a case of acute liver failure secondary to hepatic infiltration of a malignant melanoma. An 86-year-old man was admitted with elevated liver enzymes and an increased lactate dehydrogenase level. His condition progressed to acute liver failure, but the etiology of liver failure was unclear. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed to evaluate dyspepsia, which showed signs indicative of malignant melanoma. Based on the endoscopy findings and elevated liver enzyme levels, liver biopsy was performed to confirm the presence of malignant melanoma. Hepatic infiltration of malignant melanoma was observed histologically. However, massive and diffuse liver metastasis is very rare and difficult to identify on imaging studies. If the etiology of liver failure is unclear, diffuse metastatic melanoma infiltration should be considered as differential diagnosis. Early liver biopsy can help to clarify the diagnosis.

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HEPATOPATHY SECONDARY TO INFILTRATION BY MALIGNANT MELANOMA: DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF LIVER BIOPSY
Alejandro García Martínez, Álvaro Morales Prado, Jorge Martínez-Echevarría Gil-Delgado, Daniel Mateos Millán
Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Metastatic melanoma: an unexpected cause of acute liver failure
Robert S. O’Neill, Phillip Leaver, Connor Ryan, Sharron Liang, Santosh Sanagapalli, Rasha Cosman
Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology.2024; 17(6): 1125. CrossRef
Tumor lysis syndrome with hepatic failure- A rare presentation of undiagnosed metastatic melanoma
Nicholas Cochran-Caggiano, Brandon Zaffuto, Ryan Dean
JEM Reports.2023; 2(1): 100009. CrossRef
Acute liver failure secondary to malignant infiltration: A single center experience
Rocío González Grande, Ana Bravo Aranda, Inmaculada Santaella Leiva, Susana López Ortega, Miguel Jiménez Pérez
Seminars in Oncology.2023; 50(3-5): 71. CrossRef

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A Case of Primary Small Bowel Melanoma Diagnosed by Single-Balloon Enteroscopy: Jun Young Shin, In Suh Park, Byoung Wook Bang, Hyung Kil Kim, Yong Woon Shin, Kye Sook Kwon; Clin Endosc 2017;50(4):395-399. Published online June 2, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2016.153

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Although metastasis from cutaneous malignant melanoma to the small intestine is not uncommon, primary small bowel melanoma (SBM) is extremely rare. This case report describes a rare case of primary SBM, diagnosed by single-balloon enteroscopy. A 74-year-old man presented with recurrent melena. Upper endoscopy and colonoscopy were unremarkable. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed an ileal mass with ileo-ileal intussusception. Subsequent single-balloon enteroscopy identified an ileal tumor, which was histologically diagnosed as melanoma. Extensive clinical examination did not reveal any primary cutaneous lesions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of primary SBM in South Korea.

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International Journal of Surgery Case Reports.2024; 116: 109388. CrossRef
Small Bowel Intussusception Secondary to Malignant Melanoma 11 Years After Melanoma-In-Situ Excision
W. Eric Briscoe, W. Todd Cockerham, Kevin N. Harrell
The American Surgeon™.2023; 89(7): 3275. CrossRef
Primary Small Bowel Melanoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Amanda M. Graças, Willy P. Souza, Ana Carolina A. Canut, Maurice Y. Franciss, Bruno Zilberstein
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Chinese Medical Journal.2018; 131(11): 1321. CrossRef

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Melanocytic Nevus on the Rectal Mucosa Removed Using Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: Seong Min Kim, Yoon Ji Shin, Ju Sung Sim, Beon Jae Lee, Moon Kyung Joo, Jong-Jae Park, Young-Tae Bak; Clin Endosc 2016;49(4):391-394. Published online March 21, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2015.126

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Melanocytic nevus is the benign proliferation of melanocytes. The most common location of melanocytic nevus is the skin of the extremities; however, there are few case reports of melanocytic nevus at the rectal mucosa. No prior case of malignant melanoma from melanocytic nevus at the rectal mucosa has been reported; therefore, it is unclear whether resection should be performed or close observation is sufficient. However, the potential malignant transformation of melanocytic nevus should be considered, including melanocytic nevus on the rectum. Melanocytic nevus of the skin can be removed by surgical excision; however, due to rare incidence on the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, the optimal treatment for rectal melanocytic nevus remains controversial. Here, we report the first case of melanocytic nevus on the rectal mucosa that was removed by endoscopic submucosal dissection. This case report provides useful information about the optimal management of rectal melanocytic nevus.

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A Case of Whole Body Metastatic Malignant Melanoma: Kook Hyun Kim, M.D.; Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2011;42(6):388-391. Published online June 6, 2011

Abstract PDF: Malignant melanomas have the potential to metastasize to any site in the body. They commonly invade the gastrointestinal tract. The small bowel is most commonly involved, followed by the stomach, large bowel, and esophagus. The vast majority of gastrointestinal melanomas are metastatic from a cutaneous lesion. An abdominal CT scan revealed multiple and variable sized low density lesions throughout the whole liver. Endoscopy revealed multiple black pigmentations at the distal esophagus, stomach, duodenum and rectum. The brain CT showed multiple hemorrhagic metastases in the brain. This 72-year-old man had malignant melanoma in his right thumb one year ago. It had metastasized to the liver, lung, gastrointestinal tract and brain. Here we report this case of whole body metastatic malignant melanoma and review the literature.

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A Case of Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Esophagus: Sang Hee Kim, M.D., Jae Kwang Kim, M.D., Jin Il Kim, M.D., Yong Jai Park, M.D., Seong Yong Woo, M.D., Seung Chul Yu, M.D., Hyeon Seong Kim, M.D. and Chang Young Yoo, M.D.*; Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2009;38(3):133-136. Published online March 30, 2009

Abstract PDF: Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus is a rare, but aggressive tumor with a fatal prognosis. Hematogenous and lymphatic metastasis are common. The tumor has multiple black and pigmented lesions. Resection of the tumor with an anastomotic procedure is the treatment of choice. Despite this operation, the prognosis is quite poor with the mean life expectancy being less than 1 year. We describe here a case of a 54-year-old man with esophageal malignant melanoma, and we also include a review of the relevant literature. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2009;38:133-136)

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A Case of Primary Melanoma of the Anus that Spread to the Submucosa of the Rectum: Sung Whan Cho, M.D., Won Il Park, M.D., Hyung Yook Kim, M.D., Kwang Jin Kim, M.D. and Ung Suk Yang, M.D.; Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;37(4):299-302. Published online October 30, 2008

Abstract PDF: Primary malignant melanoma of the anorectum is rare, representing about 1% of all colorectal carcinoma and less than 1% of all melanomas. The most common symptom of malignant melanoma of the anorectum is anal bleeding and this is often misdiagnosed as hemorrhoids. A 72-year-old female patient was admitted due to intermittent anal bleeding for 6 months. Colonoscopic examination showed a large exophytic mass with an irregularly ulcerated and greenish-brown pigmentation on the anus and the examination also simultaneously showed a submucosal tumor-like lesion in the rectum that was located 5 cm from the anal verge. Light microscopy of the tumor revealed malignant melanocytes and the tumor cells reacted positively for immunohistochemical staining with S-100 protein and HMB-45. Distant metastasis to the brain was detected on brain MRI. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;37:299-302)

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A Case of Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Esophagus Treated by Esophagectomy: Jin Sun Park, M.D., Sang Jo Choi, M.D., Choong Keun Cha, M.D., Sung Jae Shin, M.D., Ki Myung Lee, M.D., Ki-Baik Hahm, M.D., Ph.D., Jin Hong Kim, M.D., ungsoo Lee, M.D.* and Jae Ho Han, M.D.^†; Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2006;33(4):220-225. Published online October 30, 2006

Abstract PDF: A primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus is a very rare disease representing approximately 0.1∼.02% of all esophageal neoplasms and 0.5% of all mucosal melanomas. Despite a surgical resection, a primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus has a poor prognosis, mainly due to the fast development of hematogenous and lymphatic metastases. However, a resection of the tumor appears to be the treatment of choice. Local excision does not prolong the survival of patients. After a radical excision, the mean survival time is 7∼12 months and the estimated 5 year survival is 4.2%. However, after a local excision, the average survival time is 9 months and there is no report of a patient who survived more than 1year. We encountered a 55-year-old woman with a primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus, who underwent a radical esophageal resection with a lymph node dissection. We report this case with a review of the relevant literature. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2006;33:220⁣225)

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A Case of Colonic Metastatic Malignant Melanoma of Unknown Origin: Yong Chan Cho, M.D., Wan Kim, M.D., Eun Taeg Cho, M.D., Young Ho Seo, M.D., Seon Ho Whang, M.D., Young Hwa Ki, M.D., Bong Kyu Lee, M.D., Won Yu Kang, M.D., Da Woon Jeong, M.D.*, Sam Cheol Kim, M.D.*, Hyang Mi Go, M.D.^† and Sung Gwang Chung, M.D; Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2006;32(1):62-66. Published online January 30, 2006

Abstract PDF: A metastatic melanoma to the gastrointestinal tract is observed in 1.5∼4.4% of all melanoma patients. However, colonic and rectal involvement is less common. A 72-year-old woman was admitted due to abdominal pain and poor oral intake for 20 days. She had a 3⁓4 cm-sized mass on her right inguinal area 4 month ago, which was diagnosed as a malignant melanoma of the inguinal lymph node on excision biopsy. A large exophytic mass with an irregular ulcerlated, whitish patch, erythematous surface was observed in the hepatic flexure during colonoscopy. A histology diagnosis of a metastatic melanoma was made by an optical microscopy examination of the biopsies obtained during the colonscopy, and palliative right hemicolectomy was performed on account of a potential intestinal obstruction. We report a case of a metastatic melanoma of the colon with a review of the relevant literature. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2006; 32:62⁣66)

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Two Cases of Endoscopically Diagnosed Gastric Metastatic Malignant Melanoma of: Jae Seong Ryu, M.D.^†, Hyae Ju Oh, M.D.^†, Jin Wuk Hur, M.D., Jee Yeon Kim, M.D., Jee; Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2004;28(2):71-75. Published online March 1, 2004

Abstract PDF: Although malignant melanoma involving the stomach is commonly mentioned in association with autopsies, endoscopic experience in this gastric malignancy is still limited, and few cases have been illustrated in the literature. This clinical condition is even rarer in Asians who are much less vulnerable to malignant melanoma than Caucasians. We experienced two cases of gastric metastases of malignant melanoma which presented as indigestion and epigastric pain. In the first case, a 75-year-old man visited because of indigestion persisting for 2 months. He had a history of multiple gastric ulcer and was treated at a local medical center, but symptoms did not improved. Endoscopic finding revealed multiple and elevated lesions with central black pigmented bases. In the second case, a 47-year-old man visited because of epigastric soreness and intermittent pain for 1 month. Metastatic melanoma in the stomach was noticed by endoscopic examination. Both patients had multiple metastatic lesions in the liver, thyroid, and brain. These two cases were diagnosed as having metastatic malignant melanoma in the stomach of unknown origin. Therefore, we report these cases with a brief review of the related literature. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2004;28:71⁣75)

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The Expression of Melanoma-Antigen Gene A1-6 during the Carcinogenesis of the Colon: Jung Sup Um, M.D.*, Jeen Kyung Park, M.D.†, Moo In Park, M.D.‡, Ja Young Koo, M.D.‡, Min Jung Jeong, M.D.†, Hee Sung Park, M.D.* and Hee Kyung Chang, M.D.†; Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2003;27(6):509-514. Published online December 30, 2003

Abstract PDF: Background
/Aims: Melanoma antigen gene (MAGE)-A which have more than 12 subtypes is a gene family for tumor specific shared antigens, recognized by the cytotoxic T cell. Since these genes are expressed only in tumor cells and silent in normal adult tissues except in the male germ line, they may be used as diagnostic markers in detecting malignancy. During the carcinogenesis of gastrointestinal tract, the hyperplastic epithelium- adenoma-adenocarcinoma sequence is largely accepted and the molecular studies on each step have been issued. However, in the aspect of carcinogenesis in the gastrointestinal tract, MAGE genes have not studied yet. To explore the functional role and clinical significance of MAGE-A genes in the carcinogenesis of the colon, mRNA expression of MAGE-A1 to -A6 in the mucosal tissues obtained from the colonoscopy was investigated and the relationship between their expressions and clinicopathologic parameters was analysed. Methods: We investigated the expression of MAGE 1∼6 in 65 endoscopically biopsied samples of neoplastic and nonneoplastic tissues from the colon, using a MAGE common primer by the reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing. Results: Of the 31 colorectal adenocarcinoma specimens examined, MAGE genes were expressed in 11 cases (36%). In contrast, no expression of these genes was observed in any of the 12 samples of tubular adenoma and 12 of non-specific colitis and 5 cases of normal colonic tissues. There was no significant correlation between the expression of the MAGE genes and clinicopathologic factors, such as gender, disease stage, lymph node metastasis and perineural and vascular invasion in colonic carcinoma. Conclusions: It is postulated that the expression of MAGE genes could reflect the late event of oncogenesis of the colon because no MAGE expression was noticed in chronic inflamamtion and adenomas which might have the important role in the process of malignant transformation. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2003;27:509⁣514)

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구연 / 포스터 : 직장에 원발한 악성 흑생종 , 간전이: Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2001;22(5):367-367. Published online November 30, 2000

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증례 : 위장관 내 전이성 악성 흑색종 ( A Case of Metastatic Malignant Melanoma in Stomach ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2000;20(6):472-476. Published online November 30, 1999

Abstract PDF: Malignant melanomas are common metastatic lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. There are some descriptions for endoscopic findings but few reports on the endoscopic ultrasonographic findings of metastatic malignant melanomas in the stomach. A 67-year-old woman was admitted due to indigestion persisting for 1 month. She had a 3×4 cm sized black pigmented skin lesion on her left foot. An abdominal ultrasonography and CT scan revealed multiple variable sized round lesions in the liver, suggesting metastatic lesions. An endoscopy revealed multiple, elevated lesions with central ulcerations and a star shaped black pigmentation around the ulcer mound on the antrum of the stomach, as well as huge ulcers with black pigmented bases on the upper body. An endoscopic ultrasonography determined that the depths of the elevated lesions on the antrum were 1imited to the mucosal layer and that huge ulcers on the upper body were invading the serosa simultaneously. The skin lesion was diagnosed as a malignant melanoma and the stomach lesion were also confirmed to be metastatic malignant melanomas. The case of malignant melanomas that metastased to the stomach and had unusual endoscopic ultrasonographic findings is herein reported. (Korean J Gastrointest Endose 2000;20:472 476)

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직장 악성 흑색종: Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2000;20(5):418-418. Published online November 30, 1999

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47세 남자, 공복시 심와부 동통: Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2000;20(5):355-356. Published online November 30, 1999

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맥락막 흑색종에서 기원한 간의 전이 흑색종 1 예 (A Case of Metastatic Malignant Melanoma of the Liver Resulting from Choroidal Melanoma ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1999;19(1):148-160. Published online November 30, 1998

Abstract PDF: If there are multiple masses in the liver and a history of melanoma removed from the skin or other sites, a possible diagnosis could be that the multiple masses in the liver are in that metastatic lesions originating from the primary site of the previously removed melanoma. Although ocular melanoma is not as common as the cutaneous melanoma, it is the most common malignant ocular neoplasm. The metastatic patterns of the two mela-nomas are different. The ocular melanoma spreads to the liver exclusively at an early stage. If laboratory results, CT, arteriography, and MRI suggest a metastatic malignant melanoma of the liver, the diagnosis can be confirmed by laparoscopy and aspiration needle biopsy. The treatment of the ocular melanoma with metastasis to liver has been local resection, hepatic artery embolization, or systemic chemotherapy. Those treatment modalities, how-ever, have failed to improve the survival rates, and the metastatic malignant melanoma remains to be an incurable disease. A case is reported of a metastatic malignant melanoma of the liver in a 57-year-old male patient, that was discovered 4 years after an enucleation of a choroidal melanoma of the right eye. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 19: 148 ∼153, 1999)

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증례 : 위장관 ; 수술을 시행한 식도의 원발성 악성 흑생종 1예 ( Case Reports : Stomach & Intestine ; A Operated Case of Primary Melanoma of the Esophagus ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1997;17(5):663-667. Published online November 30, 1996

Abstract PDF: Malignant melanoma is a malignant neoplasm originated from melanocyte. Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus is a very rare disease comprising 0.1% of all primary neoplasms of the esophagus. As with other primary mucosal malignant melanoma, primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus has poor prognosis because of the tendency to present as an advanced neoplasm with aggressive biological behavior. We present an operated case of primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus confirmed by the adjacent squamous mucosa contained junctional nests of tumor cells showing focal pagetoid spread consistent with melanoma in situ, with a clinicopoatho- logical review of the literatures. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 17: 663-667,1997)

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증례 : 식도 위장관 ; 식도에 발생한 원발성 악성 흑색종 1예 ( Case Reports : Esophagus , Stomach & Intestine ; A Case of Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Esophagus ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1997;17(2):163-166. Published online November 30, 1996

Abstract PDF: Primary malignant melanoma of tbe esophagus is extremely rare and its incidence is below 0.1%. The tumor is polypoid and tend to be large, which is covered with false membrane, friable, hemorrhagic, and necrotic. Hematogenous and lymphogenic metastasis are common. Resection of the tumor with an anastomotic procedure seems to be the treatment of choice, and postoperative irradiation may be useful. But, despite these measures, prognosis is poor, with a 5-year survival of 4.2%. We report a case of 58-year-old man with primary malig- nant melanoma of the epophagus, and review of the literature in presented related studies. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 17: 163-166, 1997)

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증례 : 식도 위장관 ; 소장에 다발성 장중첩증을 유발한 전이성 악성 피부 흑색종 1예 ( Case Reports : Esophagus , Stomach & Intestine ; A Case of the Multiple Intussusceptions of Small Bowel by Metastatic Malignant Melanoma ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1996;16(6):1008-1015. Published online November 30, 1995

Abstract PDF: We present herein the case of 31-year-old man with disseminated malignant melanoma in whom a multiple metastasis into jejunum causing multiple intussusceptian. At laparotomy, multiple variable sized metastatic melanoma were noted on proximal and distal jejunum. To our knowledge, there was no report about multiple intussusceptions by malignant melanoma in Korea. (Korean J Gastrointeat Endosc 16: 1008-1013, 1996)

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직장으로 전이된 악성 흑색종 1예 ( A Case of Metastatic Melanoma of the Rectum ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1993;13(2):411-413. Published online November 30, 1992

Abstract PDF: A 42-year-old woman preseated with intermittent rectal bleeding of a week's duration. A large polypoid mass with pigmented, ulcerated, nodular surface was seen in the rectum at 3cm from the anal verge during flexible sigmoidoscopy. A histologic diagnosis of metastatic melanoma wae made on light microscopic examination of biopsies obtained at sigmoidoscopy. The presence of metastatic melanoma at sites other than the rectum was found at the skin, pleura and lung. We report a case of metastatic malignant melanoma of the rectum with the review of the literature.

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내시경으로 진단된 위의 전이성 맥락막 악성흑색종 1예 ( A Case of Gastric Metastasis of Malignant Melanoma Diagnosed by Gastroscopy ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1993;13(1):65-67. Published online November 30, 1992

Abstract PDF: Gastric metastasis occurs in about 0.7% to 1.7%, of patients dying of solid tumors of extragastrointestinal origin. Metastatic disease involving the stomach is an unusual and difficult clinical problem and presenting symptoms include nonspecific epigastric pain and melena. In most cases of gastric metastasis, the histologic finding of the gastroscopic biopsy suggests the correct diagnosis. There are only a few reports of gastric metastasis from malignant melanoma. We report a case of malignat melanoma of gastric metastasis, which was diagnosed by gastroscopy.

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위로 전이된 악성 흑색종 1예 ( A Case of Metastatic Melanoma of the Stomach ): Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1991;11(2):299-302. Published online November 30, 1990

Abstract PDF: The potential of malignant melanoma to metastasize to all parts of the body is well known. Metastatic melanoma of the stomach may present with vague gastrointestinal symptoms, abdominai pain, or gastrointestinal bleeding. When gastrointestinal symptoms occur in a patient with known melanoma, gastric metastases should be considered. Melanoma metastatic to the stomach develops multiple small ulcerating masses. These sharply delineated submucosal lesions have been described as having a "bull's eye" or "target" configuration. Barium X-ray study, endoscopy, cytology study, and biopsy may yield the diagnosis. The prognosis is poor. We report a case of metastatic melanoma of the stomach with the review of the literature.

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