Reviews
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Comparing palliative treatment options for cholangiocarcinoma: photodynamic therapy vs. radiofrequency ablation
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Tayyaba Mohammad, Michel Kahaleh
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Clin Endosc 2022;55(3):347-354. Published online May 17, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2021.274
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Abstract
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- Referral to an endoscopist is often done once curative resection is no longer an option for cholangiocarcinoma management. In such cases, palliation has become the main objective of the treatment. Photodynamic therapy and radiofrequency ablation can be performed to achieve palliation, with both procedures associated with improved stent patency and survival. Despite the greatly increased cost and association with photosensitivity, photodynamic therapy allows transmission to the entire biliary tree. In contrast, radiofrequency ablation is cheaper and faster to apply but requires intraductal contact. This paper reviews both modalities and compares their efficacy and safety for bile duct cancer palliation.
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- Umbrella review of adjuvant photodynamic therapy for cholangiocarcinoma palliative treatment
Hanhan Chen, Honglin Li, Huijie Li, Zhen Zhang
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy.2025; 51: 104472. CrossRef - Endoscopic treatment of unresectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: beyond biliary drainage
Di Zhang, Tianci Shen, Feng Gao, Yong Sun, Zihao Dai, Haifeng Luo, Yanan Sun, Zhuo Yang, Jiangning Gu
Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Current interventional options for palliative care for patients with advanced-stage cholangiocarcinoma
Maryam Makki, Malak Bentaleb, Mohammed Abdulrahman, Amal Abdulla Suhool, Salem Al Harthi, Marcelo AF Ribeiro Jr
World Journal of Clinical Oncology.2024; 15(3): 381. CrossRef - Gallengangskarzinome – up to date in Diagnostik und Therapie
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Gastroenterologie up2date.2024; 20(03): 253. CrossRef - Endoskopisch gesteuerte Diagnostik und Therapie von Cholangiokarzinomen
Ulrike Denzer, Alexander Dechêne
Die Gastroenterologie.2023; 18(1): 16. CrossRef - Recent Updates on Local Ablative Therapy Combined with Chemotherapy for Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Photodynamic Therapy and Radiofrequency Ablation
Tadahisa Inoue, Masashi Yoneda
Current Oncology.2023; 30(2): 2159. CrossRef - Role of radiofrequency ablation in advanced malignant hilar biliary obstruction
Mamoru Takenaka, Tae Hoon Lee
Clinical Endoscopy.2023; 56(2): 155. CrossRef - Impact of endobiliary radiofrequency ablation on survival of patients with unresectable cholangiocarcinoma: a narrative review
Elena Di Girolamo, Andrea Belli, Alessandro Ottaiano, Vincenza Granata, Valentina Borzillo, Luca Tarotto, Fabiana Tatangelo, Raffaele Palaia, Corrado Civiletti, Mauro Piccirillo, Valentina D’Angelo, Francesco Fiore, Pietro Marone, Guglielmo Nasti, Frances
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Thermal ablative therapies in the gastrointestinal tract
Hendrik Manner
Current Opinion in Gastroenterology.2023; 39(5): 370. CrossRef - Photodynamic Therapy: From the Basics to the Current Progress of N-Heterocyclic-Bearing Dyes as Effective Photosensitizers
Eurico Lima, Lucinda V. Reis
Molecules.2023; 28(13): 5092. CrossRef - Balloon‐assisted laser application for endoscopic treatment of biliary stricture
Seonghee Lim, Van Gia Truong, Seok Jeong, Jiho Lee, Byeong‐il Lee, Hyun Wook Kang
Lasers in Surgery and Medicine.2023; 55(10): 912. CrossRef - Emerging Systemic Therapies in Advanced Unresectable Biliary Tract Cancer: Review and Canadian Perspective
Vincent C. Tam, Ravi Ramjeesingh, Ronald Burkes, Eric M. Yoshida, Sarah Doucette, Howard J. Lim
Current Oncology.2022; 29(10): 7072. CrossRef
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Photodynamic Therapy for Esophageal Cancer
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Takahiro Inoue, Ryu Ishihara
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Clin Endosc 2021;54(4):494-498. Published online May 19, 2020
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2020.073
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Abstract
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- Photodynamic therapy, a curative local treatment for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, involves a photosensitizing drug (photosensitizer) with affinity for tumors and a photodynamic reaction triggered by laser light. Previously, photodynamic therapy was used to treat superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma judged to be difficult to undergo endoscopic resection. Recently, photodynamic therapy has mainly been performed for local failure after chemoradiotherapy. Although surgery is the most promising treatment for local failure after chemoradiotherapy, its morbidity and mortality rates are high. Endoscopic resection is feasible for local failure after chemoradiotherapy but requires advanced skills, and its indication is limited to within the submucosal layer by depth. Photodynamic therapy is less invasive than surgery and has a wider indication than endoscopic resection. Porfimer sodium (a first-generation photosensitizer) causes a high frequency of side effects related to photosensitivity and requires the long-term sunshade period. Talaporfin (a second-generation photosensitizer) requires a much shorter sun-shade period than porfimer sodium. Photodynamic therapy will profoundly change treatment strategies for local failure after chemoradiotherapy.
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- An optical coherence tomography study of a photoactive Pt(iv) prodrug in oesophageal tissue
Huayun Shi, Muktesh Mohan, Kanwarpal Singh, Peter J. Sadler
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Yunji Sun, Lixiao Zhen, Lin Xu, Peipei Li, Chao Zhang, Yang Zhang, Yisheng Zhao, Benkang Shi
Biomaterials Science.2025; 13(7): 1784. CrossRef - Conceptual expansion of photomedicine for spatiotemporal treatment methods
P. K. Hashim, Ashwin T. Shaji, Ammathnadu S. Amrutha, Shifa Ahmad
RSC Medicinal Chemistry.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Aluminium phthalocyanine-mediated photodynamic therapy induces ATM-related DNA damage response and apoptosis in human oesophageal cancer cells
Onyisi Christiana Didamson, Rahul Chandran, Heidi Abrahamse
Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - An Ailment with Which I Will Contend: A Narrative Review of 5000 Years of Esophagogastric Cancers and Their Treatments, with Special Emphasis on Recent Advances in Immunotherapeutics
C. Beau Hilton, Steven Lander, Michael K. Gibson
Cancers.2024; 16(3): 618. CrossRef - Western outcomes of circumferential endoscopic submucosal dissection for early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Enrique Rodríguez de Santiago, Laurelle van Tilburg, Pierre H. Deprez, Mathieu Pioche, Roos E. Pouw, Michael J. Bourke, Stefan Seewald, Bas L.A.M. Weusten, Jeremie Jacques, Sara Leblanc, Pedro Barreiro, Arnaud Lemmers, Adolfo Parra-Blanco, Ricardo Küttner
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2024; 99(4): 511. CrossRef - Interventional gastroenterology in oncology
Vaibhav Wadhwa, Nicole Patel, Dheera Grover, Faisal S. Ali, Nirav Thosani
CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians.2023; 73(3): 286. CrossRef - Utilizing 4D Printing to Design Smart Gastroretentive, Esophageal, and Intravesical Drug Delivery Systems
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Advanced Healthcare Materials.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Recent Advances in Green Metallic Nanoparticles for Enhanced Drug Delivery in Photodynamic Therapy: A Therapeutic Approach
Alexander Chota, Blassan P. George, Heidi Abrahamse
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(5): 4808. CrossRef - Amino Acid Derivatives of Chlorin-e6—A Review
Maria da Graça H. Vicente, Kevin M. Smith
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Materials & Design.2023; 230: 112008. CrossRef - Protein Photodamaging Activity and Photocytotoxic Effect of an Axial-Connecting Phosphorus(V)porphyrin Trimer
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Chemical Research in Toxicology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Nanomedicine in Clinical Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Brain Tumors
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Biomedicines.2022; 10(1): 96. CrossRef - Poly(styrene-co-maleic acid) Micelle of Photosensitizers for Targeted Photodynamic Therapy, Exhibits Prolonged Singlet Oxygen Generating Capacity and Superior Intracellular Uptake
Gahininath Yadavrao Bharate, Haibo Qin, Jun Fang
Journal of Personalized Medicine.2022; 12(3): 493. CrossRef - Deep-Learning for the Diagnosis of Esophageal Cancers and Precursor Lesions in Endoscopic Images: A Model Establishment and Nationwide Multicenter Performance Verification Study
Eun Jeong Gong, Chang Seok Bang, Kyoungwon Jung, Su Jin Kim, Jong Wook Kim, Seung In Seo, Uhmyung Lee, You Bin Maeng, Ye Ji Lee, Jae Ick Lee, Gwang Ho Baik, Jae Jun Lee
Journal of Personalized Medicine.2022; 12(7): 1052. CrossRef - Palliation of Malignant Dysphagia: Dilation, Stents, Cryoablation or PDT: The GI Perspective
Daniel J. Ellis, Nisa M. Kubiliun, Anna Tavakkoli
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Prabin Sharma, Rani Modayil, Stavros N. Stavropoulos
Foregut: The Journal of the American Foregut Society.2022; 2(2): 132. CrossRef - Targeted chemo-photodynamic therapy toward esophageal cancer by GSH-sensitive theranostic nanoplatform
Guodong Ren, ZiCheng Wang, Yafei Tian, Jinyao Li, Yingyu Ma, Liang Zhou, Chengwu Zhang, Lixia Guo, Haipeng Diao, Lihong Li, Li Lu, Sufang Ma, Zhifang Wu, Lili Yan, Wen Liu
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2022; 153: 113506. CrossRef - Therapeutic effects of in-vivo radiodynamic therapy (RDT) for lung cancer treatment: a combination of 15MV photons and 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)
Dae-Myoung Yang, Dusica Cvetkovic, Lili Chen, C-M Charlie Ma
Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express.2022; 8(6): 065031. CrossRef - Laser induced thermotherapy of multiple actinic keratosis
Tatiana Evgenievna Sukhova, Yulia Vladimirovna Molochkova, Anna Igorevna Pronina
Russian Journal of Skin and Venereal Diseases.2022; 25(3): 181. CrossRef - Novel sulfonamide porphyrin TBPoS-2OH used in photodynamic therapy for malignant melanoma
Zhaohai Pan, Jiaojiao Fan, Qi Xie, Xin Zhang, Wen Zhang, Qing Ren, Minjing Li, Qiusheng Zheng, Jun Lu, Defang Li
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Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu, Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
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Focused Review Series: Advanced Endoscopic Treatment for Pancreaticobiliary Diseases
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Endoscopic Ablation Therapy for Biliopancreatic Malignancies
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Jason Roque, Shiaw-Hooi Ho, Nageshwar Reddy, Khean-Lee Goh
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Clin Endosc 2015;48(1):15-19. Published online January 31, 2015
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2015.48.1.15
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Abstract
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Biliopancreatic malignancies such as cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has notoriously been diagnosed late. As such most therapy have been palliative in nature. Cholangioscopy allows for an earlier diagnosis to be made. Brachytherapy with the insertion of catheter with iridium-132 seeds, percutaneously or through endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was the earliest ablative techniques used. It has been shown to have a beneficial effect only in prolonging survival. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has also been used for several years. stenting with PDT versus stenting alone for unresectable CCA showed a marked survival benefit with the addition of PDT. However the most exciting endoscopic ablative modality appears to be intraductal radiofrequency ablation using the Habib catheter and device. Several case series have shown the effectiveness of this technique in ablating tumors. This technique is evolving and coupled with early diagnosis of CCA through cholangioscopy will allow for a curative therapy. The crux to the effective treatment of early cancerous lesions in the bile or pancreatic duct is the early diagnosis of such lesions. Effective endoscopic ablative therapy is now available with the advent of radiofrequency ablation probes that can be passed through the duodenoscope via ERCP.
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Byung Hyo Cha, Myoung-Jin Jang, Sang Hyub Lee
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Original Article
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Photodynamic Therapy in Unresectable Cholangiocarcinoma: Not for the Uncommitted
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Jayant P. Talreja, Marisa DeGaetani, Kristi Ellen, Timothy Schmitt, Monica Gaidhane, Michel Kahaleh
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Clin Endosc 2013;46(4):390-394. Published online July 31, 2013
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2013.46.4.390
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- Background/Aims
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) in unresectable cholangiocarcinoma has been associated with improved survival. We report a single tertiary care center experience over the past 6 years.
MethodsFifty-five patients with unresectable cholangiocarcinoma received PDT between 2004 and 2010. Plastic stents were placed after PDT to prevent cholangitis.
ResultsTwenty-seven patients (49%) showed Bismuth type IV, 22 (41%) showed Bismuth type III, and six (10%) showed Bismuth type I and II. Twenty patients (37%) received chemotherapy and radiation therapy, five (9%) received chemotherapy only; and one (2%) received radiation therapy only. Mean number of PDT sessions was 1.9±1.5 sessions (range, 1 to 9). Mean survival duration was 293±266 days (median, 190; range, 25 to 1,332). PDT related complications included three (5%) facial burn, three (5%) photosensitivity, and two (3%) rash. Kaplan-Meier analysis comparing the survival means of patients who received PDT and chemotherapy/radiation therapy (median survival 257 days; 95% confidence interval [CI], 166 to 528) versus who received PDT only (median survival 183 days; 95% CI, 129 to 224) showed no significant difference (log-rank p=0.20).
ConclusionsPDT has a measurable impact on survival in unresectable cholangiocarcinoma but requires aggressive stenting posttherapy.
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Citations
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Focused Review Series: Photodynamic Therapy
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Current Status of Photodynamic Therapy for Bile Duct Cancer
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Tae Yoon Lee, Young Koog Cheon, Chan Sup Shim
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Clin Endosc 2013;46(1):38-44. Published online January 31, 2013
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2013.46.1.38
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Abstract
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The most common form in bile duct cancers is a highly desmoplastic cancer with a growth pattern characterized by periductal extension and infiltration. The prognosis of bile duct cancers, especially hilar cholangiocarcinoma, is limited by tumor spread along the biliary tree leading to refractory obstructive cholestasis, cholangitis, and liver failure. Although biliary endoprosthesis improves occlusion rates and reduces the number of therapeutic interventions, median survival time is not ameliorated. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a local photochemical tumor treatment that consists of a photosensitizing agent in combination with laser irradiation of a distinct wavelength. Tumor ablation with PDT combined with biliary stenting reduces cholestasis and significantly improves median survival time in selected patients with bile duct cancers.
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Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2016; 18(2): 67. CrossRef - Short-term effects and adverse events of endoscopically applied radiofrequency ablation appear to be comparable with photodynamic therapy in hilar cholangiocarcinoma
A Schmidt, M Bloechinger, A Weber, J Siveke, S von Delius, C Prinz, W Schmitt, RM Schmid, B Neu
United European Gastroenterology Journal.2016; 4(4): 570. CrossRef - Resectable Cholangiocarcinoma: Reviewing the Role of Adjuvant Strategies
E. Una Cidon
Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology.2016;[Epub] CrossRef - Radiological interventions in malignant biliary obstruction
Kumble Seetharama Madhusudhan, Shivanand Gamanagatti, Deep Narayan Srivastava, Arun Kumar Gupta
World Journal of Radiology.2016; 8(5): 518. CrossRef - Inhibition of hypoxia inducible factor 1 and topoisomerase with acriflavine sensitizes perihilar cholangiocarcinomas to photodynamic therapy
Ruud Weijer, Mans Broekgaarden, Massis Krekorian, Lindy K. Alles, Albert C. van Wijk, Claire Mackaaij, Joanne Verheij, Allard C. van der Wal, Thomas M. van Gulik, Gert Storm, Michal Heger
Oncotarget.2016; 7(3): 3341. CrossRef - Efficacy and safety of photodynamic therapy for unresectable cholangiocarcinoma: A meta-analysis
Yi Lu, Lei Liu, Jia-chuan Wu, Li-ke Bie, Biao Gong
Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology.2015; 39(6): 718. CrossRef - Tumor cell survival pathways activated by photodynamic therapy: a molecular basis for pharmacological inhibition strategies
Mans Broekgaarden, Ruud Weijer, Thomas M. van Gulik, Michael R. Hamblin, Michal Heger
Cancer and Metastasis Reviews.2015; 34(4): 643. CrossRef - Biliary Tumor Ablation with Photodynamic Therapy and Radiofrequency Ablation
Ioana Smith, Michel Kahaleh
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America.2015; 25(4): 793. CrossRef - Nanoparticulate carriers for photodynamic therapy of cholangiocarcinoma: In vitro comparison of various polymer-based nanoparticles
Jonas Grünebaum, Judith Söbbing, Dennis Mulac, Klaus Langer
International Journal of Pharmaceutics.2015; 496(2): 942. CrossRef - Improve bile duct-targeted drug delivery and therapeutic efficacy for cholangiocarcinoma by cucurbitacin B loaded phospholipid complex modified with berberine hydrochloride
Ling Cheng, Ping-hua Xu, Bao-de Shen, Gang Shen, Juan-juan Li, Ling Qiu, Chao-yong Liu, Hai-long Yuan, Jin Han
International Journal of Pharmaceutics.2015; 489(1-2): 148. CrossRef - Role of photodynamic therapy and intraductal radiofrequency ablation in cholangiocarcinoma
Janaki Patel, Nada Rizk, Michel Kahaleh
Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology.2015; 29(2): 309. CrossRef - Systemic therapy of cholangiocarcinoma: From chemotherapy to targeted therapies
N. Schweitzer, A. Vogel
Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology.2015; 29(2): 345. CrossRef - Low-power photodynamic therapy induces survival signaling in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma cells
Ruud Weijer, Mans Broekgaarden, Rowan F. van Golen, Esther Bulle, Esther Nieuwenhuis, Aldo Jongejan, Perry D. Moerland, Antoine H. C. van Kampen, Thomas M. van Gulik, Michal Heger
BMC Cancer.2015;[Epub] CrossRef - Endoscopic and Percutaneous Approaches to the Treatment of Biliary Tract and Primary Liver Tumors
Kevin N. Shah, Bryan M. Clary
Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America.2014; 23(2): 207. CrossRef - Palliation: Hilar cholangiocarcinoma
Mahesh Kr Goenka, Usha Goenka
World Journal of Hepatology.2014; 6(8): 559. CrossRef - Ursodeoxycholic acid-conjugated chitosan for photodynamic treatment of HuCC-T1 human cholangiocarcinoma cells
Hye Myeong Lee, Young-Il Jeong, Do Hyung Kim, Tae Won Kwak, Chung-Wook Chung, Cy Hyun Kim, Dae Hwan Kang
International Journal of Pharmaceutics.2013; 454(1): 74. CrossRef
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A Case of Benign Biliary Stricture as a Complication of Photodynamic Therapy for Biliary Papillomatosis
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Mun Ki Choi, M.D., Dong Uk Kim, M.D., Gwang Ha Kim, M.D., Geun Am Song, M.D., Hyung Seok Nam, M.D., Yang Seon Yi, M.D., Kang Hee Ahn, M.D. and Jung Seop Eom, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2011;42(5):327-333. Published online May 28, 2011
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- Biliary papillomatosis is a rare disease with a high risk of recurrence and malignant transformation. Therapeutic options include partial hepatectomy, Whipple's procedure and liver transplantation. If there is no surgical option left due to several reasons, local palliative procedures such as biliary stenting and drainage for the treatment of cholestasis are considered, but tumor growth cannot be influenced. Photodynamic therapy might be a new additional, palliative option for patients with biliary papillomatosis who are not eligible for surgery. Benign biliary stricture is a rare complication of photodynamic therapy. We report here a case of a 63-year-old male who developed benign biliary stricture after photodynamic therapy using the photosensitizer photofrin. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2011;42:327-333)
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The Long-term Outcome and Predictors for Increased Survival after PDT for Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma
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Ji Ho Ahn, M.D., Young Koog Cheon, M.D., Young Deok Cho, M.D., Hyun Jong Choi, M.D., Jong Ho Moon, M.D., Tae Hoon Lee, M.D., Sang Heum Park, M.D. and Chan Sup Shim, M.D.*
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2011;42(1):6-10. Published online January 30, 2011
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- Background/Aims: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has a promising effect on nonresectable cholangiocarcinoma (CC) but its long term data is not yet available. This study examined the long term outcome and factors associated with increased survival after performing PDT for hilar cholangiocarcinoma.
Methods: A list of 393 patients with a diagnosis of hilar CC was retrieved from the database of Soonchunhyang University Hospital (Seoul, Korea) and these patients were seen from January 1, 2001, to April 1, 2010. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 74 patients who underwent PDT in addition to biliary stenting with/without chemoradiation.
Results: The median overall survival from the date of diagnosis to death or to the last follow-up was 11.7 months (range: 2.2∼78.4). After performing PDT, a complete remission was observed in 1.3% (1/74) of the patients who had a superficial depth of tumor without lymph node involvement. On multivariate analysis using the Cox regression model, increasing the time to treatment after the diagnosis was a statistically significant predictor of shorter survival after PDT [Odds ratio: 3.25, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.90∼4.71, p=0.034].
Conclusions: Although PDT does not prevent progression of CC, it appears to control the cholestasis. The early treatment of PDT after the diagnosis showed a survival benefit for patients with advanced hilar CC. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2011;42:6-10)
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A Case of Early Esophageal Cancer Treated by Photodynamic Therapy in a Patient with Liver Cirrhosis Accompanied by Esophageal Varix
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Yoon Yung Chung, M.D., Woo Chul Chung, M.D., U-Im Chang, M.D., Ju Hyun Oak, M.D., Yeon Oh Jeong, M.D., Min Ju Kim, M.D., Chang Nyol Paik, M.D. and Kang-Moon Lee, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;41(5):298-302. Published online November 30, 2010
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- Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive treatment for cancer that works through a photochemical effect after the administration of a photosensitizer. At first, PDT had been used for the relief of obstructive symptoms caused by exophytic esophageal cancer or for control of tumor overgrowth. Recently, several investigators have reported the use of PDT in early esophageal cancer with encouraging results. This report describes a case of a 52-year-old man with early esophageal cancer, who had a long history of liver cirrhosis with esophageal varix. The patient was treated successfully with PDT using porfimer sodium as the photosensitizer. PDT is an alternative to surgical treatment of early esophageal cancer, especially in patients with liver cirrhosis. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;41:298-302)
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A Case of Photodynamic Therapy after Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for the Treatment of Early Gastric Cancer that Mimicked Submucosal Tumor
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Woo Seok Choi, M.D., Jong-Jae Park, M.D., Bum Jae Lee, M.D., Jain Park, M.D., Sung-Ho Kim, M.D., Eunhye Lim, M.D., Jae Seon Kim, M.D. and Young-Tae Bak, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;37(6):424-428. Published online December 30, 2008
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- Several cases of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the curative treatment of early gastric cancer have recently been reported. However, PDT has been performed in only limited cases because it is impossible to determine the pathologic subtype or stage of the malignant lesion after the procedure. Nevertheless, PDT combined with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is expected to enhance the accuracy of the pathologic assessment and enable more effective, safe treatment for early gastric cancer. Furthermore, PDT may exert a complementary and synergetic effect on ESD for the atypical forms of early gastric cancer. From this background, we report here on a case of early gastric cancer that mimicked submucosal tumor, and this was removed by ESD, and then this was followed by adjuvant PDT. The patient had a high risk for operation due to his old age and comorbidity. After the procedure, he achieved complete remission and he is currently under follow up: he is without recurrence of tumor one year after ESD. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;37:424-428)
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A Case of Photodynamic Therapy as a Curative Treatment of Early Esophageal Cancer
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Chang Nyol Paik, M.D., Myung Gyu Choi, M.D., Kye Weol Kim, M.D., In Seok Lee, M.D., Jung Hwan Oh, M.D., Jae Myung Park, M.D., Joon Wook Lee, M.D., Yu Kyung Cho, M.D., Sang Woo Kim, M.D. and In Sik Chung, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2006;33(1):37-41. Published online July 30, 2006
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- Although the surgical treatment of early esophageal cancer is a well-known curative modality, less invasive endoscopic methods have attracted significant attention recently on account of the fewer postoperative complications, better quality of life and preservation of the integrity of the esophagus. Among the various endoscopic techniques employed, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used to allow the selective destruction of malignant tissue through a photochemical effect after the administration of a photosensitizer for curative and palliative treatment purposes. This report describes a case of a 73-year-old man with early esophageal cancer, which had been diagnosed by fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and endoscopy and a long history of chronic pulmonary diseases such as emphysema and radiation fibrosis. The patient was cured successfully with photodynamic therapy using porfimer sodium as the photosensitizer. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2006;33: 3741)
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Photodynamic Therapy for Superficial Gastrointestinal Tumors
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Young Koog Cheon, M.D., Dae Hee Han, M.D., In Seop Jung, M.D., Chang Beom Ryu, M.D., Joo Young Cho, M.D., Yun Soo Kim, M.D., Joon Seong Lee, M.D., Moon Sung Lee, M.D., Chan Sup Shim, M.D. and Boo Sung Kim, M.D.
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2006;32(2):81-86. Published online February 27, 2006
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- Background
/Aims: Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used for the endoscopic treatment of digestive cancer, its curative efficacy remains uncertain. This study evaluated the curative role of PDT in superficial gastrointestinal cancer. Methods: Fifteen lesions in 14 patients with a histologically proven carcinoma (early esophageal cancer 6, early gastric cancer 8, ampulla of Vater cancer 1) were injected with an intravenous hematoporphyrin derivative (2 mg/kg), and PDT was performed 48 hours later. The response to treatment was assessed by gastroscopy with biopsies. Results: The median follow-up time was 273 days (42∼1,030 days). According to the TNM stage of endoscopic ultrasonography, there were 14 T1 cases and 1 T2 case. Complete remission was observed in 13 cases after the initial and consecutive PDT. There were 2 cases of failure. The recurrence rate was 15.4% (2/13), and the median time from the initial PDT to recurrence was 349 days. Conclusions: PDT using a hematoporphyrin derivative as a photosensitizer is a safe and efficient method for treating early cancer. However, a long-term follow up period using a large population sample will be needed for confirmation. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2006;32:8186)
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상부 위장관 표재성종양에 대한 광역동 치료 효과
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Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2003;27(5):345-345. Published online November 20, 2003
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