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Original Article
Exploring lumen-apposing metal stents as a novel approach for managing walled-off necrosis in pediatric acute pancreatitis in Indian cohort: a prospective study
Varun Mehta, Abhinav Abhinav, Yogesh Kumar Gupta, Manisha Khubber, Ajit Sood, Manjeet Kumar Goyal
Clin Endosc 2025;58(4):595-603.   Published online May 29, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.315
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Background
/Aims: Walled-off necrosis (WON) is a severe complication of acute pancreatitis in children, with limited evidence on its endoscopic management. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) placement for WON in pediatric patients.
Methods
This open-label prospective study included pediatric patients aged 5–18 years with WON secondary to acute necrotizing pancreatitis that was managed with EUS-guided LAMS at a tertiary center from January 2021 to July 2023. Clinical success, defined as symptom resolution and WON clearance at 12 weeks, was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included technical success, complications, and the need for additional interventions.
Results
Eleven patients (mean age, 15.5±3.1 years) were included. Clinical success was achieved in 90.9% of the patients within 12 weeks, with a 100% technical success rate. Two patients experienced stent occlusions that were managed with saline irrigation; one case required video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement. The mean hospital stay was 5.4±3.3 days. No major adverse events were reported.
Conclusions
EUS-guided LAMS placement is a safe and effective alternative to surgery for pediatric WON, with high clinical and technical success rates and minimal complications. Further multicenter studies are required to validate these findings.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The evolving role of endoscopic ultrasound-guided lumen-apposing metal stents in the management of peri-pancreatic fluid collections
    Ashita Rukmini Vuthaluru, Varun Mehta, Omesh Goyal, Prabhav Mehta, Manjeet Kumar Goyal
    Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 2,655 View
  • 92 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
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Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Coaxial plastic stent placement within lumen-apposing metal stents for the management of pancreatic fluid collections: a systemic review and meta-analysis
Jad AbiMansour, Veeravich Jaruvongvanich, Saran Velaga, Ryan Law, Andrew C. Storm, Mark Topazian, Michael J. Levy, Ryan Alexander, Eric J. Vargas, Aliana Bofill-Garica, John A. Martin, Bret T. Petersen, Barham K. Abu Dayyeh, Vinay Chandrasekhara
Clin Endosc 2024;57(5):595-603.   Published online July 24, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.297
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Background
/Aims: Coaxial placement of double pigtail plastic stents (DPPS) through lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMSs) is commonly performed to reduce the risk of LAMS obstruction, bleeding, and stent migration when used for the drainage of pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs). A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to compare the outcomes of LAMS alone and LAMS with coaxial DPPS placement in the management of PFCs.
Methods
A systematic review was conducted to identify studies comparing LAMS and LAMS/DPPS for PFC drainage. Primary outcomes included the rate of clinical success, overall adverse events (AEs), bleeding, infection, occlusion, and stent migration. The pooled effect size was summarized using a random-effects model and compared between LAMS and LAMS/DPPS by calculating odds ratios (ORs).
Results
Nine studies involving 709 patients were identified (338 on LAMS and 371 on LAMS/DPPS). LAMS/DPPS was associated with a reduced risk of stent obstruction (OR, 0.59; p=0.004) and infection (OR, 0.55; p=0.001). No significant differences were observed in clinical success (OR, 0.96; p=0.440), overall AEs (OR, 0.57; p=0.060), bleeding (OR, 0.61; p=0.120), or stent migration (OR, 1.03; p=0.480).
Conclusions
Coaxial DPPS for LAMS drainage of PFCs is associated with a reduced risk of stent occlusion and infection; however, no difference was observed in the overall AE rates or bleeding.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Efficacy of Endoscopic Ultrasound‐guided Transluminal Drainage Using Lumen‐apposing Metal Stents for the Treatment of Pancreatic Fluid Collections
    Keisuke Kinoshita, Kazuhisa Okamoto, Haruna Noguchi, Satoshi Fukuchi, Hidetoshi Akiyama, Mitsuteru Motomura, Yoshifumi Azuma, Yasuhisa Hiroshima, Takafumi Fuchino, Sotaro Ozaka, Ryota Sagami, Takuro Uchida, Yuka Hirashita, Kensuke Fukuda, Ryo Ogawa, Kazuh
    DEN Open.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Lumen-Apposing Metal Stent Drainage in Benign Pancreatobiliary and Gastrointestinal Disease: Evolving Techniques and Clinical Outcomes
    Filippo Antonini, Marco Valvano, Edoardo Troncone, Domenico Galasso, Amedeo Montale, Mario Capasso, Matteo Marasco, Benedetto Mangiavillano, Giovanna Del Vecchio Blanco, Mauro Dalla Libera, Antonella Scarcelli, Antonio Facciorusso, Lorenzo Fuccio, Massimi
    Diagnostics.2026; 16(4): 522.     CrossRef
  • Practical management of severe acute pancreatitis
    Karim Hamesch, Marcus Hollenbach, Lucía Guilabert, Tobias Lahmer, Alexander Koch
    European Journal of Internal Medicine.2025; 133: 1.     CrossRef
  • Endoscopic interventions for managing pancreatic fluid collections associated with acute pancreatitis: A state-of-the-art review (with videos)
    Randeep Rana, Soumya Jagannath Mahapatra, Pramod Kumar Garg
    Indian Journal of Gastroenterology.2025; 44(6): 777.     CrossRef
  • The evolving role of endoscopic ultrasound-guided lumen-apposing metal stents in the management of peri-pancreatic fluid collections
    Ashita Rukmini Vuthaluru, Varun Mehta, Omesh Goyal, Prabhav Mehta, Manjeet Kumar Goyal
    Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • International Association of Pancreatology Revised Guidelines on Acute Pancreatitis 2025: Supported and Endorsed by the American Pancreatic Association, European Pancreatic Club, Indian Pancreas Club, and Japan Pancreas Society
    Andrea Párniczky, Alexandra Mikó, Aliye Uc, Anand Narayan Singh, Anshuman Elhence, Ashok Saluja, Atsushi Masamune, Barham K. Abu Dayyeh, Brian Davidson, Charles Mel Wilcox, Chris Forsmark, David Whitcomb, Deepak Gunjan, Dhiraj Yadav, Djuna Cahen, D. Nages
    Pancreatology.2025; 25(6): 770.     CrossRef
  • Exploring lumen-apposing metal stents as a novel approach for managing walled-off necrosis in pediatric acute pancreatitis in Indian cohort: a prospective study
    Varun Mehta, Abhinav Abhinav, Yogesh Kumar Gupta, Manisha Khubber, Ajit Sood, Manjeet Kumar Goyal
    Clinical Endoscopy.2025; 58(4): 595.     CrossRef
  • A Critical Narrative Review of Coaxial Double-Pigtail Stenting Within the LAMS in the Management of Pancreatic Fluid Collections
    Giuseppe Infantino, Gabriele Rancatore, Dario Quintini, Lucio Carrozza, Dario Ligresti, Marco Giacchetto, Nicoletta Belluardo, Giuseppe Rizzo, Elio D’Amore, Giacomo Emanuele Maria Rizzo, Ilaria Tarantino
    Medicina.2025; 61(8): 1500.     CrossRef
  • Outcomes of lumen apposing metal stent placement in patients with surgically altered anatomy: Multicenter international experience
    Benedetto Mangiavillano, Daryl Ramai, Michel Kahaleh, Amy Tyberg, Haroon Shahid, Avik Sarkar, Jayanta Samanta, Jahnvi Dhar, Michiel Bronswijk, Schalk Van der Merwe, Abdul Kouanda, Hyun Ji, Sun-Chuan Dai, Pierre Deprez, Jorge Vargas-Madrigal, Giuseppe Vane
    Endoscopy International Open.2024; 12(10): E1143.     CrossRef
  • 5,777 View
  • 284 Download
  • 9 Web of Science
  • 9 Crossref
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Original Article
Increasing trend of endoscopic drainage utilization for the management of pancreatic pseudocyst: insights from a nationwide database
Khaled Elfert, Salomon Chamay, Lamin Dos Santos, Mouhand Mohamed, Azizullah Beran, Fouad Jaber, Hazem Abosheaishaa, Suresh Nayudu, Sammy Ho
Clin Endosc 2024;57(1):105-111.   Published online August 4, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.054
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background
/Aims: The pancreatic pseudocyst (PP) is a type of fluid collection that typically develops as a delayed complication of acute pancreatitis. Drainage is indicated for symptomatic patients and/or associated complications, such as infection and bleeding. Drainage modalities include percutaneous, endoscopic, laparoscopic, and open drainage. This study aimed to assess trends in the utilization of different drainage modalities for treating PP from 2016 to 2020. The trends in mortality, mean length of hospital stay, and mean hospitalization costs were also assessed.
Methods
The National Inpatient Sample database was used to obtain data. The variables were generated using International Classification of Diseases-10 diagnostic and procedural codes.
Results
Endoscopic drainage was the most commonly used drainage modality in 2018–2020, with an increasing trend over time (385 procedures in 2018 to 515 in 2020; p=0.003). This is associated with a decrease in the use of other drainage modalities. A decrease in the hospitalization cost for PP requiring drainage was also noted (29,318 United States dollar [USD] in 2016 to 18,087 USD in 2020, p<0.001).
Conclusions
Endoscopic drainage is becoming the most commonly used modality for the treatment of PP in hospitals located in the US. This new trend is associated with decreasing hospitalization costs.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Comparative Effectiveness of Endoscopic and Percutaneous Drainage of Walled-Off Pancreatic Necrosis
    Mohamed Eldesouki, Khaled Elfert, Mohamed A. Aldemerdash, Mohamed Elgozair, Muhammad M. Elsharkawy, Mohamed Youssef, Muhammad Umair Khan, Shyam Thakkar, Michel Kahaleh
    Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Asparaginase-Associated Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Pseudocyst Managed with Endoscopic Cystogastrostomy in Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
    Gyewon Park, Eun Sun Kim, Hyuk Soon Choi, Bora Keum, Yoon Tae Jeen, Hoon Jai Chun, Hong Sik Lee, Jae Min Lee
    The Korean Journal of Pancreas and Biliary Tract.2025; 30(1): 31.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of the correlation between serum MIF, MCP-1, and IL-6 levels and the formation of pseudocysts in patients with acute severe pancreatitis
    Changcheng Liu, Xianru Jia, Bingbing Cui, Xuejin Liu
    AIP Advances.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Modern approaches to surgical treatment of pancreatic head pseudocysts
    Duy Khanh Dao, Nicolai A. Sizonenko, Valery R. Goltsov
    Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy.2025; 27(3): 421.     CrossRef
  • Pancreatic pseudocyst: The past, the present, and the future
    Jonathan GA Koo, Matthias Yi Quan Liau, Igor A Kryvoruchko, Tamer AAM Habeeb, Christopher Chia, Vishal G Shelat
    World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.2024; 16(7): 1986.     CrossRef
  • 5,922 View
  • 168 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 5 Crossref
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Review
Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Endoscopic Management of Peripancreatic Fluid Collections
Chi Hyuk Oh, Jun Kyu Lee, Tae Jun Song, Jin-Seok Park, Jae Min Lee, Jun Hyuk Son, Dong Kee Jang, Miyoung Choi, Jeong-Sik Byeon, In Seok Lee, Soo Teik Lee, Ho Soon Choi, Ho Gak Kim, Hoon Jai Chun, Chan Guk Park, Joo Young Cho
Clin Endosc 2021;54(4):505-521.   Published online July 27, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2021.185
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided intervention has gradually become a standard treatment for peripancreatic fluid collections (PFCs). However, it is difficult to popularize the procedure in Korea because of restrictions on insurance claims regarding the use of endoscopic accessories, as well as the lack of standardized Korean clinical practice guidelines. The Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (KSGE) appointed a Task Force to develope medical guidelines by referring to the manual for clinical practice guidelines development prepared by the National Evidence-Based Healthcare Collaborating Agency. Previous studies on PFCs were searched, and certain studies were selected with the help of experts. Then, a set of key questions was selected, and treatment guidelines were systematically reviewed. Answers to these questions and recommendations were selected via peer review. This guideline discusses endoscopic management of PFCs and makes recommendations on Indications for the procedure, pre-procedural preparations, optimal approach for drainage, procedural considerations (e.g., types of stent, advantages and disadvantages of plastic and metal stents, and accessories), adverse events of endoscopic intervention, and procedural quality issues. This guideline was reviewed by external experts and suggests best practices recommended based on the evidence available at the time of preparation. This will be revised as necessary to address advances and changes in technology and evidence obtained in clinical practice and future studies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic pseudocyst drainage in pediatric patients
    Asma Yaseen, Javeria Salman, Shanil Kadir, Muhammad Asim, Muhammad Umair Tahseen, Noval Zakaria, Abeer Altaf, Naseer Ahmed, Mehreen Siyal, Fahad Kakar, Sajida Qureshi, Saad Khalid Niaz
    World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Comparative Effectiveness of Endoscopic and Percutaneous Drainage of Walled-Off Pancreatic Necrosis
    Mohamed Eldesouki, Khaled Elfert, Mohamed A. Aldemerdash, Mohamed Elgozair, Muhammad M. Elsharkawy, Mohamed Youssef, Muhammad Umair Khan, Shyam Thakkar, Michel Kahaleh
    Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Biopsy Needle Integrated with Rotational Oblique Spectral Ultrasound (ROSUS) Imaging
    Benjamin C. Kreager, Wei-Yi Chang, Jian Tian, Huaiyu Wu, Xiaoning Jiang
    Sensors.2026; 26(4): 1098.     CrossRef
  • Benign biliary stricture caused by transduodenal lumen-apposing metal stent placement for pancreatic acute necrotic collection
    Shuhei Shintani, Takuya Okamoto, Kosuke Hiroe, Hidenori Kimura, Hiroto Inoue, Atsushi Nishida, Osamu Inatomi
    International Journal of Gastrointestinal Intervention.2025; 14(1): 24.     CrossRef
  • Optimal timing for lumen-apposing metal stent removal following endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of pancreatic fluid collections: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Marcello Maida, Giacomo Emanuele Maria Rizzo, Mario Traina, John Gásdal Karstensen, Rogier P. Voermans, Joan B. Gornals, Nitin Jagtap, Dario Ligresti, Lucio Carrozza, Gabriele Rancatore, Marco Ventimiglia, Antonio Facciorusso, Carlo Fabbri, Andrea Anderlo
    Endoscopy.2025; 57(09): 1023.     CrossRef
  • The evolving role of endoscopic ultrasound-guided lumen-apposing metal stents in the management of peri-pancreatic fluid collections
    Ashita Rukmini Vuthaluru, Varun Mehta, Omesh Goyal, Prabhav Mehta, Manjeet Kumar Goyal
    Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Management of infected necrotizing pancreatitis with open abdomen and negative pressure therapy
    Elías G. Loaeza, Sury A. L. Cancino, Roberto E. G. López, Nataly O. Hernández
    International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences.2025; 13(9): 3808.     CrossRef
  • Pancreatic Pseudocysts: Evolution of Treatment Approaches
    Paulina Kluszczyk, Aleksandra Tobiasz, Adam Madej, Piotr Wosiewicz, Sławomir Mrowiec, Beata Jabłońska
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(17): 6152.     CrossRef
  • Pancreatic Pseudocyst after Fully Covered Self-expandable Metallic Stent Placement
    Mitsuhito Koizumi, Sho Ishikawa, Kaori Marui, Masahito Kokubu, Yusuke Okujima, Yuki Numata, Yoshiki Imamura, Teru Kumagi, Yoichi Hiasa
    Internal Medicine.2024; 63(21): 2943.     CrossRef
  • Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin for the Differentiation of Mucinous Pancreatic Cystic Lesions
    Miruna Patricia Olar, Maria Iacobescu, Sorana D. Bolboacă, Cristina Pojoga, Ofelia Moșteanu, Radu Seicean, Ioana Rusu, Oana Banc, Cristina Adela Iuga, Andrada Seicean
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(6): 3224.     CrossRef
  • Comparative outcome of single versus two double-pigtail stents for endoscopic drainage of pancreatic fluid collections with minimal necrosis: a retrospective analysis
    S Giri, S Bhrugumalla, S Gangadhar, S Angadi
    Acta Gastro Enterologica Belgica.2024; 87(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Use of an endoscopic powered debridement device for treatment of post-surgical fatty pancreatic necrosis
    Judy Daboul, Shiab Mussad, Anna Cecilia Amaral, Waleed K. Hussain, Peter J. Lee, Samuel Han
    Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(3): 412.     CrossRef
  • Single double pigtail plastic stent (DPT) is equally effective to two double pigtail plastic stents for endoscopic ultrasonography-guided drainage of "symptomatic peripancreatic fluid collection with 30 % or less necrotic debris"
    Hemanta Kumar Nayak, Shubham Gupta, Manas Kumar Panigrahi, Abhijeet Rai, Saswati Kar, Mansi Chaudhary, Ajay Ghosh, Taraprasad Tripathy, Bramhadatta Pattnaik, Subash Chandra Samal
    Pancreatology.2024; 24(7): 1211.     CrossRef
  • Advances in self-expandable metal stents for endoscopic ultrasound-guided interventions
    Dong Kee Jang, Dong Wook Lee, Seong-Hun Kim, Kwang Bum Cho, Sundeep Lakhtakia
    Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(5): 588.     CrossRef
  • Drainage for fluid collections post pancreatic surgery and acute pancreatitis: similar but different?
    Yousuke Nakai, Saburo Matsubara, Tsuyoshi Mukai, Tsuyoshi Hamada, Takashi Sasaki, Hirotoshi Ishiwatari, Susumu Hijioka, Hideyuki Shiomi, Mamoru Takenaka, Takuji Iwashita, Atsuhiro Masuda, Tomotaka Saito, Hiroyuki Isayama, Ichiro Yasuda
    Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(6): 735.     CrossRef
  • Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage for local complications related to pancreatitis
    Hyung Ku Chon, Seong-Hun Kim
    International Journal of Gastrointestinal Intervention.2023; 12(1): 7.     CrossRef
  • Cystic fluid biomarkers for the differential diagnosis of inflammatory and non-inflammatory cystic pancreatic lesions (Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL); Interleukin 1 Beta(IL 1β); High-mobility group AT-hook 2(HmgA2))
    M. P. Olar, R. Seicean, M. Iacobescu, C. A. Iuga, S. D. Bolboaca, I. Rusu, O. Mosteanu, Z. Sparchez, C. Pojoga, A. H. Nadim, A. Seicean
    Endoscopy.2023; 55(S 02): S47.     CrossRef
  • A preferable modality for the differentiation of peripancreatic fluid collections: Endoscopic ultrasound
    Ning Xu, Longsong Li, Danqi Zhao, Zixin Wang, Xueting Wang, Runzi Wang, Yanbo Zeng, Lei Zhang, Ning Zhong, Ying Lv, Enqiang Linghu, Ningli Chai
    Endoscopic Ultrasound.2022; 11(4): 291.     CrossRef
  • Disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome in acute pancreatitis
    A.V. Fedorov, V.N. Ektov, M.A. Khodorkovsky
    Khirurgiya. Zhurnal im. N.I. Pirogova.2022; (8): 83.     CrossRef
  • Single balloon enteroscopy-guided endoscopic retrograde pancreatography for the treatment of a symptomatic pancreatic pseudocyst complicated by pancreaticojejunostomy stricture: A case report
    Eunae Cho, Chang-Hwan Park, Seo Yeon Cho
    Medicine.2022; 101(43): e31293.     CrossRef
  • 11,605 View
  • 335 Download
  • 18 Web of Science
  • 20 Crossref
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Case Report
Successful Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Treatment of a Spontaneous Rupture of a Hemorrhagic Pancreatic Pseudocyst
Chan Park, Tae Hyeon Kim, Hyung Ku Chon
Clin Endosc 2021;54(5):763-766.   Published online March 3, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2020.279
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Spontaneous rupture of a hemorrhagic pancreatic pseudocyst may be life-threatening. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage has been reported to be a valuable treatment option for pancreatic pseudocysts. However, its usefulness in the management of a ruptured pancreatic pseudocyst is limited. We report a rare case of a spontaneous rupture of a hemorrhagic pancreatic pseudocyst in a patient with chronic pancreatitis, which was successfully treated with EUS-guided gastrocystostomy with a fully covered self-expandable metallic stent.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Perforation of pancreatic pseudocyst diagnosed with endoscopy and treated with percutaneous drainage
    Mako Koseki, Yusuke Hashimoto
    DEN Open.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Spontaneous rupture of an infected pseudocyst of the pancreas: A case report
    Mohamed Fadhel Chtourou, Hazem Beji, Slim Zribi, Yassine Kallel, Mahdi Bouassida, Hassen Touinsi
    International Journal of Surgery Case Reports.2023; 105: 107987.     CrossRef
  • A ruptured pancreatic pseudocyst causes acute peritonitis with clinical characteristics of a gastrointestinal tract perforation
    Tran Que Son, Tran Hieu Hoc, Tran Thu Huong, Ngo Quang Dinh, Pham Van Tuyen
    Journal of Surgical Case Reports.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 6,530 View
  • 118 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
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Original Articles
Endoscopic Therapy for Pancreatic Fluid Collections: A Definitive Management Using a Dedicated Algorithm
Ming Ming Xu, Iman Andalib, Aleksey Novikov, Enad Dawod, Moamen Gabr, Monica Gaidhane, Amy Tyberg, Michel Kahaleh
Clin Endosc 2020;53(3):355-360.   Published online December 3, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2019.113
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background
/Aims: Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided drainage is the preferred approach for infected or symptomatic pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs). Here, we developed an algorithm for the management of pancreatitis complicated by PFCs and report on its effcacy and safety.
Methods
Between September 2011 and October 2017, patients were prospectively managed according to the algorithm. PFCs were classified as poorly organized fluid collections (POFCs), pancreatic pseudocysts (PPs), or walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN). Clinical success was defined as a decrease in PFC size by ≥50% of the maximal diameter or to ≤2 cm.
Results
 A total of 108 patients (62% male; mean age, 53 years) were included: 13 had POFCs, 43 had PPs, and 52 had WOPN. Seventytwo patients (66%) required a pancreatic duct (PD) stent, whereas 65 (60%) received enteral feeding. A total of 103 (95%) patients achieved clinical success. Eight patients experienced complications including bleeding (n=6) and surgical intervention (n=2). Patients with enteral feeding were 3.4 times more likely to achieve resolution within 60 days (p=0.0421), whereas those with PD stenting was five times more likely to achieve resolution within 90 days (p=0.0069).
Conclusions
 A high PFC resolution rate can be achieved when a dedicated algorithm encompassing EUS-guided drainage, PD stenting, and early enteral feeding is adopted.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Novel classification system for walled-off necrosis: a step toward standardized nomenclature and risk-stratification framework
    Serge Baroud, Vinay Chandrasekhara, Andrew C. Storm, Ryan J. Law, Eric J. Vargas, Michael J. Levy, Tala Mahmoud, Fateh Bazerbachi, Aliana Bofill-Garcia, Rabih Ghazi, Daniel B. Maselli, John A. Martin, Santhi Swaroop Vege, Naoki Takahashi, Bret T. Petersen
    Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2023; 97(2): 300.     CrossRef
  • Endoscopic versus percutaneous drainage for pancreatic fluid collection after pancreatic surgery: An up-to-date meta-analysis and systematic review
    Liang Chen, Ting Li, Bin Wang, Yunxiao Cheng, Sicong Zhao, Yunxiao Lyu
    Asian Journal of Surgery.2022; 45(8): 1519.     CrossRef
  • Transluminal and retroperitoneal minimally invasive necrosectomy in acute pancreatitis
    A. V. Fedorov, V. N. Ektov, M. A. Khodorkovskiy
    Annaly khirurgicheskoy gepatologii = Annals of HPB Surgery.2022; 27(3): 81.     CrossRef
  • Endoscopic transluminal interventions in the treatment of acute necrotizing pancreatitis
    A.V. Fedorov, V.N. Ektov, M.A. Khodorkovsky
    Khirurgiya. Zhurnal im. N.I. Pirogova.2021; (9): 85.     CrossRef
  • Hydrogen peroxide assisted endoscopic necrosectomy for walled-off pancreatic necrosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Rajat Garg, Shradha Gupta, Amandeep Singh, Marian T. Simonson, Tarun Rustagi, Prabhleen Chahal
    Pancreatology.2021; 21(8): 1540.     CrossRef
  • The Diagnostic Dilemma of Malignant Biliary Strictures
    Robert Dorrell, Swati Pawa, Yi Zhou, Neeraj Lalwani, Rishi Pawa
    Diagnostics.2020; 10(5): 337.     CrossRef
  • Importance of Pancreatic Duct Stenting and Enteral Feeding in Treatment Algorithm of Pancreatic Fluid Collections
    Seong-Hun Kim, Eun Ji Shin
    Clinical Endoscopy.2020; 53(3): 253.     CrossRef
  • Role of pancreatography in the endoscopic management of encapsulated pancreatic collections – review and new proposed classification
    Igor Mendonça Proença, Marcos Eduardo Lera dos Santos, Diogo Turiani Hourneaux de Moura, Igor Braga Ribeiro, Sergio Eiji Matuguma, Spencer Cheng, Thomas R McCarty, Epifanio Silvino do Monte Junior, Paulo Sakai, Eduardo Guimarães Hourneaux de Moura
    World Journal of Gastroenterology.2020; 26(45): 7104.     CrossRef
  • 7,767 View
  • 256 Download
  • 8 Web of Science
  • 8 Crossref
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Efficacy and Safety of Lumen-Apposing Stents for Management of Pancreatic Fluid Collections in a Community Hospital Setting
Rajat Garg, Abdelkader Chaar, Susan Szpunar, Babu P. Mohan, Mohammed Barawi
Clin Endosc 2020;53(4):480-486.   Published online October 16, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2019.116
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background
/Aims: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided transmural drainage and necrosectomy employing lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) are used for treating pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) with excellent results from academic centers. Herein, we report the efficacy and safety of LAMS in the treatment of PFCs at a community hospital.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the etiology of pancreatitis, type and size of PFCs, length of procedure, technical success, clinical success, adverse events, and stent removal. The primary outcome was the rate of clinical success, and secondary outcomes were technical success and adverse events.
Results
Twenty-seven patients with a mean age of 54.1±6.5 years were included, 44% of which were men. The mean size of the PFCs was 9.7±5.0 cm (range, 3–21). The most common etiology of pancreatitis was alcohol (44%) followed by idiopathic causes (30%) and presence of gallstones (22%). The diagnosis was pseudocyst in 44.4% (12/27) and walled off necrosis in 55.6% (15/27) of patients. There was 100% technical success without any complications. Clinical success was achieved in 22 of 27 patients (81.5%) who underwent stent removal.
Conclusions
Our study is the first to report that endoscopic therapy of PFCs using LAMS is safe and effective even in a community hospital setting with limited resources and support compared to large academic centers.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • EUS-guided interventional therapies for pancreatic diseases
    Rongmin Xu, Kai Zhang, Nan Ge, Siyu Sun
    Frontiers in Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Trans-cavity lumen-apposing metal stent removal: an alternative safe modality
    Giacomo Emanuele Maria Rizzo, Ilaria Tarantino
    Clinical Endoscopy.2023; 56(1): 129.     CrossRef
  • Lumen-apposing-metal stent misdeployment in endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainages: A systematic review focusing on issues and rescue management
    Elia Armellini, Flavio Metelli, Andrea Anderloni, Anna Cominardi, Giovanni Aragona, Michele Marini, Fabio Pace
    World Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 29(21): 3341.     CrossRef
  • Lumen-apposing metal stents
    Carlo Fabbri, Chiara Coluccio, Cecilia Binda, Alessandro Fugazza, Andrea Anderloni, Ilaria Tarantino
    Endoscopic Ultrasound.2022; 11(1): 59.     CrossRef
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Comparison of Clinical Outcomes between Plastic Stent and Novel Lumen-apposing Metal Stent for Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Drainage of Peripancreatic Fluid Collections
Ho Cheol Shin, Chang Min Cho, Min Kyu Jung, Seong Jae Yeo
Clin Endosc 2019;52(4):353-359.   Published online March 13, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2018.154
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background
/Aims: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided transmural drainage for peripancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) has gained wide acceptance as a nonsurgical intervention. Although a lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) was recently introduced, there are few data comparing the clinical outcomes between LAMS and plastic stent (PS) drainage.
Methods
Endoscopy databases of all patients who had undergone EUS-guided drainage for PFCs were searched and the clinical outcomes of EUS-guided drainage according to stent-type used were compared.
Results
A total of 27 patients (median age, 56 years) with PFCs underwent EUS-guided transmural drainage between January 2011 and December 2017. Of these, 17 underwent PS placement and 10 underwent LAMS placement. There was no significant difference in the technical success rate between the 2 groups (94.1% vs. 100%, p=1.0). Procedure time was shorter in the LAMS group compared to that in the PS group (10.6±2.5 min vs. 21.4±9.5 min, p=0.002). Among subjects with clinical success, recurrence of PFC after stent removal occurred in 5 of 12 patients with PS and 4 of 10 with LAMS, without statistical difference (41.7% vs. 40.0%, p=1.0).
Conclusions
Although our study showed similar clinical outcomes for LAMS and PS, further prospective trials are required to validate the superiority of LAMS.

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Focused Review Series: Expanding the Indication with Safety Issue of Endoscopic Ultrasound
Safety and Complications of Interventional Endoscopic Ultrasound
Monica Saumoy, Michel Kahaleh
Clin Endosc 2018;51(3):235-238.   Published online July 19, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2017.081
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has become an essential tool for the diagnostic and therapeutic intervention of gastrointestinal diseases. Beyond the drainage of fluid collections, it enables decompression of inaccessible bile and pancreatic ducts, the gallbladder, and the creation of anastomosis within the gastrointestinal tract using fully lumen-apposing stents. This review explored the safety and efficacy of these novel procedures and discussed the training pathway that is necessary to perform them efficiently and safely.

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Review
Necrotizing Pancreatitis: Current Management and Therapies
Christine Boumitri, Elizabeth Brown, Michel Kahaleh
Clin Endosc 2017;50(4):357-365.   Published online May 16, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2016.152
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Acute necrotizing pancreatitis accounts for 10% of acute pancreatitis (AP) cases and is associated with a higher mortality and morbidity. Necrosis within the first 4 weeks of disease onset is defined as an acute necrotic collection (ANC), while walled off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN) develops after 4 weeks of disease onset. An infected or symptomatic WOPN requires drainage. The management of pancreatic necrosis has shifted away from open necrosectomy, as it is associated with a high morbidity, to less invasive techniques. In this review, we summarize the current management and therapies for acute necrotizing pancreatitis.

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Original Article
There Is No Advantage to Transpapillary Pancreatic Duct Stenting for the Transmural Endoscopic Drainage of Pancreatic Fluid Collections: A Meta-Analysis
Sunil Amin, Dennis J. Yang, Aimee L. Lucas, Susana Gonzalez, Christopher J. DiMaio
Clin Endosc 2017;50(4):388-394.   Published online April 17, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2016.091
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background
/Aims: Options for the endoscopic management of symptomatic pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) include transmural drainage (TM) alone, transpapillary drainage (TP) alone, or a combination of both drainage method (CD). There have been conflicting reports about the best method. This study performed a meta-analysis to determine whether CD presents an added clinical benefit over TM.
Methods
The included studies compared TM with CD and reported clinical success for both methods. A random-effects model was used to determine the pooled odds ratios (ORs) and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the following outcomes: technical success, clinical success, complications, and recurrence.
Results
Nine studies involving a combined total of 604 drainage procedures—373 TMs (62%) and 231 CDs (38%)—were included. CD showed no additional benefit over TM in terms of technical success (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.37–3.37; p=0.85), clinical success (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.65–1.89; p=0.70), recurrence (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 0.53–4.21; p=0.45), or complications (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.61–2.18; p=0.67).
Conclusions
Pancreatic duct (PD) stenting provides no additional clinical benefit for the TM of PFCs (particularly pseudocysts). Patients undergoing the TM of symptomatic pseudocysts may not require endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP).

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Focused Review Series: EUS-Guided Therapeutic Interventions
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Management of Pancreatic Fluid Collections: Update and Review of the Literature
Ali Alali, Jeffrey Mosko, Gary May, Christopher Teshima
Clin Endosc 2017;50(2):117-125.   Published online March 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2017.045
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Severe acute pancreatitis is often complicated by the development of pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs), which may be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It is crucial to accurately classify these collections as a pseudocyst or walled-off necrosis (WON) given significant differences in outcomes and management. Interventions for PFCs have increasingly shifted to less invasive strategies, with endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided methods being shown to be safer and equally effective as more invasive surgical techniques. In recent years, many new developments have improved the safety and efficacy of EUS-guided interventions, such as the introduction of lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS), direct endoscopic necrosectomy (DEN) and multiple other adjunctive techniques. Despite these developments, treatment of PFCs, and infected WON in particular, continues to be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In this article, we discuss the EUS-guided management of PFCs while reviewing the latest developments and controversies in the field. We end by summarizing our own approach to managing PFCs.

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Case Report
Mediastinal Pancreatic Pseudocysts
Krzysztof Dąbkowski, Andrzej Białek, Maciej Kukla, Janusz Wójcik, Andrzej Smereczyński, Katarzyna Kołaczyk, Tomasz Grodzki, Teresa Starzyńska
Clin Endosc 2017;50(1):76-80.   Published online September 13, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2016.089
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Mediastinal pseudocysts are a rare complication of acute pancreatitis. Lack of uniform treatment standards makes the management of this condition a clinical challenge. We report the case of a 43-year-old patient who presented with a left pleural effusion. Pleural fluid revealed a high amylase concentration consistent with a pancreaticopleural fistula. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) revealed a disruption of the pancreatic duct with free outflow of contrast medium into the thoracic cavity. A pancreatic stent was placed. The second day after the ERCP, the patient developed septic shock and was admitted to the intensive care unit. Computed tomography (CT) revealed mediastinal pseudocysts and bilateral pleural effusions. After bilateral drainage of the pleural cavities, the patient improved clinically, and a follow-up CT scan showed that the fluid collection and pseudocysts had resolved. We discuss the optimal strategies for diagnosing and treating patients with pancreatic thoracic pseudocysts and fistulas, as well as review the management of these conditions.

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Review
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Management of Pancreatic Pseudocysts and Walled-Off Necrosis
Ji Young Bang, Shyam Varadarajulu
Clin Endosc 2014;47(5):429-431.   Published online September 30, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2014.47.5.429
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

The outcome of endoscopic management of pancreatic fluid collections is dependent on the type of collection being treated. While pseudocysts have an excellent treatment response, the outcomes are modest for walled-off pancreatic necrosis. Recent advances in cross-sectional body imaging have enabled a more accurate distinction of pancreatic fluid collections, which, in turn, facilitates the correct triage of patients to receive the appropriate treatment. Newly described endoscopic techniques and the development of dedicated accessories have improved the clinical outcomes in walled-off pancreatic necrosis, with treatment success rates comparable to that of minimally invasive surgery. This review summarizes the key concepts and provides a concise update on the endoscopic management of pancreatic fluid collections.

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Focused Review Series: Endoscopic Intervention in Pancreatitis
Endoscopic Drainage of Pseudocysts
Tae Jun Song, Sang Soo Lee
Clin Endosc 2014;47(3):222-226.   Published online May 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2014.47.3.222
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

During the last decade, great progress has been made in minimally invasive endoscopic techniques. For pancreatic pseudocysts (PPCs), endoscopic drainage has become the first-line therapeutic option. Recent advances in therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-related techniques have focused on EUS-guided transmural drainage, which is now replacing the conventional endoscopy-guided transmural drainage. While transmural drainage is usually performed using multiple plastic stents with or without a nasocystic drain, fully covered self-expandable metal stents are now being used with increasing frequency. In this review, we discuss some of the controversies related to the endoscopic drainage of PPCs.

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Special Issue Articles of IDEN 2013
Pancreatic Fluid Collection Drainage by Endoscopic Ultrasound: An Update
Shashideep Singhal, Stephen R. Rotman, Monica Gaidhane, Michel Kahaleh
Clin Endosc 2013;46(5):506-514.   Published online September 30, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2013.46.5.506
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

Endoscopic management of symptomatic pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) is now considered to be first line therapy. Expanded use of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) techniques has resulted in increased applicability, safety, and efficacy of endoscopic transluminal PFC drainage. Steps include EUS-guided trangastric or transduodenal fistula creation into the PFC followed by stent placement or nasocystic drain deployment in order to decompress the collection. With the remarkable improvement in the available accessories and stents and development of exchange free access device; EUS drainage techniques have become simpler and less time consuming. The use of self-expandable metal stents with modifications to drain PFC has helped in overcoming some previously encountered challenges. PFCs considered suitable for endoscopic drainage include collection present for greater than 4 weeks, possessing a well-formed wall, position accessible endoscopically and located within 1 cm of the duodenal or gastric walls. Indications for EUS-guided drainage have been increasing which include unusual location of the collection, small window of entry, nonbulging collections, coagulopathy, intervening varices, failed conventional transmural drainage, indeterminate adherence of PFC to the luminal wall or suspicion of malignancy. In this article, we present a review of literature to date and discuss the recent developments in EUS-guided PFC drainage.

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Metal versus Plastic Stent for Transmural Drainage of Pancreatic Fluid Collections
Ji Young Bang, Shyam Varadarajulu
Clin Endosc 2013;46(5):500-502.   Published online September 30, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2013.46.5.500
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

The conventional management of pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) involves surgery or percutaneous drainage. While surgery is associated with significant complications and mortality, percutaneous drainage is associated with prolonged hospitalization and oftentimes the need for other adjunctive treatment measures. Therefore, the use of endoscopy to drain PFCs is becoming increasingly popular. Randomized trials have demonstrated that endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage is superior to conventional endoscopy in terms of technical success and potentially decreases the rates of procedural complications. While transmural drainage is usually undertaken by deployment of plastic endoprosthesis, of late, fully covered self-expandable metal stents are being placed with increasing frequency. However, the benefits of this approach are unclear and require further validation in prospective trials.

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Case Report
Pancreatic Pseudocyst after Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration of Pancreatic Mass
Kwang Hyun Chung, Ji Kon Ryu, Hong Sang Oh, Ji Yeon Seo, Eunhyo Jin, Dong Hyeon Lee, Yong-Tae Kim, Yong Bum Yoon
Clin Endosc 2012;45(4):431-434.   Published online November 30, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2012.45.4.431
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is well known as a safe diagnostic procedure. We report the first case of pancreatic pseudocyst after EUS-FNA of the pancreatic body mass. A 60-year-old male underwent EUS-FNA for incidentally detected pancreatic solid mass which was suspected as neuroendocrine tumor. Two weeks later, the patient visited emergency room with acute abdominal pain and right upper quadrant tenderness; leukocytosis and elevated C-reactive protein, amylase, and lipase levels were noted. Computed tomography discovered newly developed 11.5×9.5 cm sized cystic mass communicating with the main pancreatic duct. Cyst fluid analysis revealed amylase level of 3,423 U/L and fluid culture isolated Streptococcus parasanguinis. The cystic mass corresponds with pancreatic pseudocyst. FNA induced main pancreatic duct injury and fluid leakage may cause it. Endoscopists who perform EUS-FNA must remember that pancreatic main duct injury can occur as one of severe complications and that it could be treated successfully with endoscopic internal drainage.

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  • 7 Crossref
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Special Issue Articles of IDEN 2012
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Drainage of Pancreatic Fluid Collections (with Video)
Mark Topazian
Clin Endosc 2012;45(3):337-340.   Published online August 22, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2012.45.3.337
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is often used to guide drainage of pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs). EUS enhances the diagnosis of cystic pancreatic lesions and enables real-time image-guided control of PFC drainage. EUS may facilitate the endoscopic treatment of patients with pancreatic necrosis and patients with disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage for local complications related to pancreatitis
    Hyung Ku Chon, Seong-Hun Kim
    International Journal of Gastrointestinal Intervention.2023; 12(1): 7.     CrossRef
  • Endoscopic Management of Necrotic Pancreatic Fluid Collections in the Setting of Disrupted Pancreatic Duct Syndrome: Out Like a LAMS?
    Augustin R. Attwell
    Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2023; 68(8): 3213.     CrossRef
  • Impact of disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome on endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of pancreatic fluid collections
    Lillian Wang, Sherif Elhanafi, Andrew C. Storm, Mark D. Topazian, Shounak Majumder, Barham K. Abu Dayyeh, Michael J. Levy, Bret T. Petersen, John A. Martin, Suresh T. Chari, Santhi S. Vege, Vinay Chandrasekhara
    Endoscopy.2021; 53(06): 603.     CrossRef
  • Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Drainage without Fluoroscopic Guidance for Extraluminal Complicated Cysts
    Hyeong Seok Nam, Hyung Wook Kim, Dae Hwan Kang, Cheol Woong Choi, Su Bum Park, Su Jin Kim, Dae Gon Ryu, Joon Ho Jeon
    Gastroenterology Research and Practice.2016; 2016: 1.     CrossRef
  • A case of disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome after walled-off necrosis of necrotic severe pancreatitis that underwent pancreaticojejunostomy to preserve remaining pancreatic function
    Masanobu USUI, Hiroyuki KATO, Hiroyuki INOUE, Yusuke IIZAWA, Yasuhiro MURATA, Akihiro TANEMURA, Yoshinori AZUMI, Naohisa KURIYAMA, Masashi KISHIWADA, Shugo MIZUNO, Hiroshi SAKURAI, Shuji ISAJI
    Suizo.2016; 31(6): 833.     CrossRef
  • Echoendoscopes
    Faris M. Murad, Sri Komanduri, Barham K. Abu Dayyeh, Shailendra S. Chauhan, Brintha K. Enestvedt, Larissa L. Fujii-Lau, Vani Konda, John T. Maple, Rahul Pannala, Nirav C. Thosani, Subhas Banerjee
    Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2015; 82(2): 189.     CrossRef
  • El papel terapéutico del ultrasonido endoscópico en las colecciones líquidas peripancreáticas
    Luis Eduardo Casasola-Sánchez, Félix Ignacio Téllez-Ávila
    Endoscopia.2015; 27(2): 87.     CrossRef
  • Endoscopic Drainage of Pseudocysts
    Tae Jun Song, Sang Soo Lee
    Clinical Endoscopy.2014; 47(3): 222.     CrossRef
  • Disconnected Pancreatic Duct Syndrome
    Jose Manuel Ramia, Joan Fabregat, Manuel Pérez-Miranda, Joan Figueras
    Cirugía Española (English Edition).2014; 92(1): 4.     CrossRef
  • Síndrome del ducto pancreático desconectado
    Jose Manuel Ramia, Joan Fabregat, Manuel Pérez-Miranda, Joan Figueras
    Cirugía Española.2014; 92(1): 4.     CrossRef
  • Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Treatment beyond Drainage: Hemostasis, Anastomosis, and Others
    Jessica L. Widmer, Kahaleh Michel
    Clinical Endoscopy.2014; 47(5): 432.     CrossRef


  • Suizo.2014; 29(5): 775.     CrossRef
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Case Report
Adenosquamous Carcinoma of the Pancreas: A Case Report
Jun Hyuk Son, M.D., Sang Hyub Lee, M.D., Byung Hyo Cha, M.D.§, Jin Hyeok Hwang, M.D., Yun Bin Lee, M.D., Yoo Seok Yoon, M.D*, So Yeon Kim, M.D. and Hae Ryoung Kim, M.D.
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2011;42(6):433-436.   Published online May 25, 2011
AbstractAbstract PDF
Adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas is a rare tumor, which is difficult to diagnose. A 65-year-old man was admitted complaining of abdominal pain. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a cystic mass in the pancreatic body. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) showed an approximate 1.0 cm-sized hypoechoic cystic mass with a solid portion in the pancreatic body and narrowing of the main pancreatic duct. Under the impression of acute pancreatitis with a pseudocyst diagnosis, medical therapy including pancreatic stent insertion was administered to the patient for 4 weeks. A distal pancreatectomy was performed with the suspicion of pancreatic cancer due to the remaining mass on a follow-up CT scan, and the tumor was histopathologically diagnosed as stage I (TNM classification) adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreatic body. The patient was discharged without any problems and has been on follow-up without recurrence. We report a case of adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas that was diagnosed relatively early with the help of EUS.
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Endoscopic Treatment of Main Pancreatic Duct Transection, Accompanied with Pseudocyst after Abdominal Trauma, with Using Pancreatic Duct Stent: A Case Report
Tae Joo Jeon, M.D., Hyun Park, M.D., Dong Dae Seo, M.D., Tae-Hoon Oh, M.D., Won Chang Shin, M.D., Won-Choong Choi, M.D. and Ki Hwan Kim, M.D.*
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;37(2):146-150.   Published online August 30, 2008
AbstractAbstract PDF
Pancreatic trauma is uncommon, but this is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. Unrecognized main pancreatic duct injury results in early complications such as fistula, pseudocyst, abscess, hemorrhage and pancreatitis. The management of traumatic pseudocyst includes observation, external drainage, internal drainage and operation. The treatment modality is determined by the site and extent of the injury to the main pancreatic duct. Pancreatic stents have been widely used to treat pancreatic diseases such as pancreatitis, pseudocyst, fistula and stricture. Pancreatic stenting has been proven to be effective in the treatment of traumatic pseudocyst associated with the partial rupture of the main pancreatic duct. Surgical treatment is currently the main stay of therapy for complete transection of the main pancreatic duct accompanied with pseudocyst, but the role of pancreatic stenting has not been established. Herein we present our clinical experience with endoscopic treatment for main pancreatic duct transection, accompanied with pseudocyst after abdominal trauma, with using a pancreatic stent. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2008;37:146-150)
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Linear Array Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Drainage of a Pancreatic Pseudocyst without Using Fluoroscopy
Kwi-Sook Choi, M.D., Sang Soo Lee, M.D., Sung Hee Pyo, M.D., Ja Young Kim, M.D., Jong Cheol Kim, M.D., Eun Kwang Choi, M.D., Dong Wan Seo, M.D., Sung Koo Lee, M.D. and Myung-Hwan Kim, M.D.
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2006;32(4):302-305.   Published online April 30, 2006
AbstractAbstract PDF
Endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts is the initial treatment of choice for symptomatic pancreatic pseudocysts and nonresolving pseudocysts. Recently, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has been used as a guide for transmural entry and the safer drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts. We report a case of therapeutic linear array EUS- guided pseudocyst drainage without the use of fluoroscopy in a patient with portal hypertension. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2006;32:302⁣306)
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Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage from Pancreatic Pseudocyst Involving the Duodenum: A Case Report
Chan Ran You, M.D., Seung Whan Shin, M.D., Bo In Lee, M.D., Jeong Seon Ji, M.D., Byung Wook Kim, M.D., Hwang Choi, M.D., Se Hyun Cho, M.D., Hiun Suk Chae, M.D., Kyu Yong Choi, M.D. and In Sik Chung, M.D.
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2004;29(4):217-221.   Published online October 30, 2004
AbstractAbstract PDF
Most pancreatic pseudocysts are located in or around the pancreas, but they can be found in all the potential spaces around viscera in and outside of the abdominal cavity. The complications of pancreatic pseudocysts are infection, rupture, fistula, obstruction and hemorrhage. However, an upper gastrointestinal bleeding caused by pancreatic pseudocyst is rare. Pseudocysts with complication like hemorrhage require percutaneous, endoscopic or surgical treatment. We report a case of the pancreatic pseudocyst involving duodenal wall with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, which was improved by conservative treatment. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2004;29: 217⁣221)
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췌장 가성낭에 대한 내시경적 낭종배액술
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2003;27(5):420-420.   Published online November 20, 2003
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A Case of Gastric Ectopic Pancreas Complicated by Pancreatitis and Pseudocyst Formation
Joon Ho Wang, M.D., Jae Dong Lee, M.D., Chong Ju Kim, M.D., Hyung Seok Park, M.D., Chun Jo Jin, M.D., Mun Su Kang, M.D.*, Hi Young Sin, M.D., Keung Bin No, M.D., Keung Sub Song, M.D. and Hwa Suk Jung, M.D.
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2003;27(3):175-179.   Published online September 30, 2003
AbstractAbstract PDF
Ectopic pancreas rarely produces clinical symptoms. Most commonly reported symptoms were abdominal pain, epigastric discomfort, nausea, vomiting, and bleeding. However, presentation of specific symptoms due to its size and location, including obstructive jaundice, and pyloric obstruction are possible. Ectopic pancreas is subject to various pathological changes occurring in the pancreas itself; namely, cyst, pancreatitis, hemorrhage, necrosis, and neoplastic change. We present a case of 60-year old woman with right upper quadrant pain in whom the surgical pathologic diagnosis was ectopic pancreas of the stomach complicated by pancreatitis and pseudocyst formation.
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지상발표 / 위 : 급성 췌장염에 합병된 위내 가성 낭종
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2001;22(5):391-391.   Published online November 30, 2000
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구연 / 담췌 : 67 세 남자 , 심와부 동통
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2001;22(5):329-330.   Published online November 30, 2000
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위벽에 종양으로 발현한 췌장 가성 낭종 1 예 ( A Gastric Intramural Pancreatic Pseudocyst : An Unuaual Presentation as a Gastric Intramural Tumor )
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2001;23(4):269-272.   Published online November 30, 2000
AbstractAbstract PDF
We report a case of pancreatic pseudocyst presenting as an intramural gastric tumor on upper gastrointestinal examination, endoscopic ultrasound and computed tomography of the abdomen. Pancreatic pseudocysts in the stomach wall is rare and the most of them presented as a cystic mass, but this case was presented as a gastric mural solid tumor. Exploration revealed an about 4´4´2 cm sized round mass at the midbody of great curvature of stomach, it was in the muscle layer, and removed by surgical operation. The correct diagnosis of this case was established postoperately on the pathologic examination revealed pancreatic pseudocyst. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2001;23:269-272)
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만성췌장염에서 발생한 진단이 어려웠던 가성동맥류 2 예 - 천자와 hemosuccus pancreaticus 로 확인된 가성동맥류 - ( Two Difficultly Diagnosed Cases with Pseudoaneurysm in Chronic Pancreatitis - Pseudoaneurysms Identified Inadvertently during Percutaneous Drainage and Hemosuccus Pancreaticus - )
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2001;23(4):263-268.   Published online November 30, 2000
AbstractAbstract PDF
Pseudoaneurysm is a rare life-threatening complication of chronic pancreatitis. It can be diagnosed by various imaging modalities including computerized tomography (CT), ultrasound, and angiography. Early diagnosis and radiologic or surgical treatment can promise better outcomes. However, pseudoaneurysm is not easily diagnosed. It can be misdiagnosed as a pseudocyst with secondary infection. Rarely, the correct diagnosis is made by an inadvertent trial with percutaneous drainage. The endoscopically identified hemosuccus pancreaticus is also a rare finding. Recently, we experienced two cases of pseudoaneurysm in patients with chronic pancreatitis. They did not have any evidence of bleeding in the initial eddoscopy or evidence of pseudoaneurysms in the initial ultrasound and CT scan. In one case, the pseudoaneurysm was identified during a percutaneous drainage procedure, performed to diagnose and manage a cystic lesion which apperared to be an infected cyst. In the other case, the pseudoaneurysm was suspected after the hemosuccus pancreaticus was found during endoscopy performed due to recurrent hematemesis. Both cases were successfully treated with arterial embolization of the pseudoaneurysms. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2001;23:263-268)
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내시경적 낭종 배액술로 치료한 췌장 가성낭종 1 예
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2001;23(5):424-424.   Published online November 30, 2000
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Haemosuccus Pancreaticus 1예 ( A Case of Haemosuccus Pancreaticus )
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2000;20(3):222-226.   Published online November 30, 1999
AbstractAbstract PDF
Haemosuccus pancreaticus describes the syndrome of gastrointestinal bleeding into the pancreatic duct, manifested by blood loss through the ampulla of Vater. It has been confined mainly to small series or isolated case reports in patients with chronic pancreatitis with pseudocysts. Endoscopy is useful mostly to exclude other sources of hemorrhage but visualization of bleeding from the papilla is a rare event. A case in herein reported of a patient, suffering from bleeding into the pancreatic duct, who had a history of recurrent, chronic pancreatitis with pseudocysts for 6 months. During duodenoscopic examination, bleeding from the papilla of Vater was identified, however the alternative cause was not suggestive. In alcoholic pancreatitis, recurrent eipsodes of acute pancreatitis with pancreatic ductal hemorrhage is a natural history, so resection of the affected segment of the pancreas can be the treatment of choice. A distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy was performed.
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십이지장벽 내에 발생한 췌장 가성낭종 1예 ( A Case of Intramural Pancreatic Pseudocyst of the Duodenum )
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2000;20(1):58-62.   Published online November 30, 1999
AbstractAbstract PDF
Pancreatic pseudocysts are a well-recognized complication of pancreatitis. Most occur in or adjacent to the pancreas. Occasionally, duodenal involvement may occur due to the nonperitonealized posterior surface of the duodenum is in direct contact with the head of the pancreas. But there is little awareness of the intramural and major extrinsic involvement of the duodenum with also occurs. A case was recently experienced involving an intramural pancreatic pseudocyst of the duodenum. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2000;20:58 62)
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췌장 가성낭종 내에 완전 삽입된 Pigtail 스텐트의 올가미를 이용한 교정 (Correction of Incidentally Migrated Pigtail Stent in Pancreatic Pseudocyst using Polypectomy Snare)
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1999;19(2):318-321.   Published online November 30, 1998
AbstractAbstract PDF
Endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts is a new nonsurgical treatment modality. Among the cystogastrostomy and stent related complications, proximal migration of stent is rare and the correction of inserted stent into a pseudocyst is very difficult. We report a correction of an incidentally inserted pigtail stent into pseudocyst using a polypectomy snare. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 19: 318 ∼321, 1999)
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증례 : 담도 췌장 ; 특이한 췌관 조영술 소견을 보인 췌장 편평상피 선암 ( Adenosquamous carcinoma ) 1예 ( Case Reports : Biliary Tract & Pancreas ; A Case of Adenoequamous Carcinoma of the Pancreas with Unusual Pancreatographic Findings )
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1998;18(1):129-135.   Published online November 30, 1997
AbstractAbstract PDF
Adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas is a rare form of pancreatic cancer. Its biological behavior and clinical features are known to be similar to the much more common ductal adenocarcinoma or to pure squamous cell carcinoma, another rare form of pancreatic malignancy. However, the unusual manifestations of cancer, including cystic degeneration and extravasation of contrast to the mass, have also been reported. A 64-year-old man was admitted complaining of abdominal pain. An abdomial CT scan demonstrated an ovoid and cyst-like lesion in the pancreatic head and endoscopic retrograde balloon pancreatography showed segmental narrowing of the main pancreatic duct associated with extravasation of contrast into the cyst-like lesion. Under the impression of pancreatic pseudocyst with chronic pancreatitis, medical therapy including pancreatic stent insertion was given to the patient for four weeks. Finally, a laparotomy was performed due to persistent abdominal pain and a poorly demarcated mass with cystic cavity was resected. Histologic findings were consistent with adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas. The unusual features of this rare malignancy which led us to an errorneous initial diagnosis were emphasized. (Korean J Gasitrointest Endosc 18: 129-133, 1997)
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증례 : 식도 위장관 ; 내시경적 낭종배액술로 치료한 췌장 가성낭종 2예 ( Case Reports : Esophagus , Stomach & Intestine ; Two Cases of Pancreatic Pseudocyst Treated with Endoscopic Cystogastrostomy throughout Stent and ENPD Catheter )
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1998;18(6):951-956.   Published online November 30, 1997
AbstractAbstract PDF
Pancreatic pseudocysts were complicated in 10-27% of acute pancreatitis and 11-41% of chronic pancreatitis. Asymptomatic pseudocysts require no treatment, but symptomatic pseudocysts should be decompressed. Surgical management had been the traditional approach to treating pancreatic pseudocysts. Endoscopic transpapillary or transduodenal cystoenterostomy were recently suggested as an alternative to surgery in order to avoid surgical complications. The success rates of endoscopic treatment was 65-94%, procedure related morbidity was 6-21% and mortality was 0-5%. We reported two cases of patients with pancreatic pseudocysts which were treated with endoscopic cystogastrostomy and proceeded to drain through stent and ENPD catheter. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 18: 951-956, 1998)
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증례 : 식도 위장관 ; 성인에서 발견된 췌장 가성낭종 양상을 보인 위 거대 중복낭종 1예 ( Case Reports : Esophagus , Stomach & Intestine ; A Large Gastric Duplication Cyst Resembling a Pancreatic Pseudocyst in an Adulf - Report of one case - )
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1998;18(5):719-725.   Published online November 30, 1997
AbstractAbstract PDF
Duplication of the alimentary tract is an unusual congenital anomaly which may occur at any level, from the oral cavity to the rectum. Gastric duplication cyst is quite rare and most of them are presented in infancy with the sypmtoms of vomiting, abdominal pain, weight loss, gastrointestinal bleeding resulting from partial or complete obstruction. Some cases have not been diagnosed until adult when duplication cyst is not large enough to cause acute obstruction in infancy. Our case is more unusual in the aspect of its presence in adult and its nature resembles huge pancreatic pseudocyst. A 18-year man came to our hospital with complaint of epigastric pain for three days. A gastrofiberoscopy revealed a round protruding mass with smooth surface of normal mucosa at the fundus and computed tomography of the abdomen revealed the presence of 6.0 X 6.0 cm sized cystic mass between posterior wall of stomach and pancreas, and another 2.0 x 2.0 cm sized mass in ant. wall of stomach, which were regarded as mutiple pancreatic pseudocysts in perigastric region. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography did not disclose any pancreatic ductal abnormality or communication with the cyst. Endoscopic ultrasonography showed anechoic cystic mass under 3rd layer of stomach wall, which was removed by surgical resection. Postoperative pathologic examination disclosed multiple gastric duplications. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 18: 719-723, 1998)
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증례 : 담도 췌장 ; 경유두적 췌관 배액술로 치유한 췌장 가성 낭종 1예 ( Case Reports : Biliary Tract & Pancreas ; A Case of Pancreatic Pseudocyst Resolved by Transpapillary Drainage via the Main Pancreatic Duct )
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1998;18(3):439-443.   Published online November 30, 1997
AbstractAbstract PDF
A 68-year-old man was admitted due to abdominal pain. He was diagnosed as having recurrent pancreatitis with a pseudocyst, which is communicated through the main pan- creatic duct. An endoscopic pancreatic sphincterotomy and insertion of a nasopancreatic tube into the main pancreatic duct via transpapillary drainage were performed. As a result, the pseudocyst disappeared and the pain was relieved. Thus it was concluded that transpapillary drainage via the main pancreatic duct is a safe and effective treatment for pancreatic pseudocysts, which is communicated through the main pancreatic duct. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 18: 439-443, 1998)
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증례 : 담도 췌장 ; 만성췌장염에 동반된 가성동맥류 1예 ( Case Reports : Biliary Tract & Pancreas ; A Case of a Pseudoaneurysm in Chronic Pancreatitis )
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1998;18(2):276-280.   Published online November 30, 1997
AbstractAbstract PDF
The bleeding pseudoaneurysm is a rare condition but one of the lethal complications in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Early diagnosis and emergent intervention can reduce mortality and promise better outcomes. We experienced a case of a bleeding pseudo- aneurysm in a chronic pancreatitis patient. The 44-year-old male was suffering from con- tinuous, vague epigastric pain and black tarry stool. An abdominal CT scan revealed a homogeneously enhancing round mass in the pancreatic pseudocyst, and celiac angi- ography found that a pseudoaneurysm had originated from the pancreaticoduodenal artery. The patient was treated with Whipple's operation and was later discharged, having improved in his condition. (Korean J Gastrointesl Endosc 18: 276-280, 1998)
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증례 : 담도 췌장 ; 상부위장관 출혈로 나타난 출혈성 췌장가성낭종 ( Case Reports : Biliary Tract & Pancreas ; Pancreatic Pseudocyst Causing Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ( Hemosuccus pancreaticus ) )
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1995;15(4):803-809.   Published online November 30, 1994
AbstractAbstract PDF
Hemorrhage into a pancreatic pseudocyst is a rare, but increasingly recognized as a cause of massive gastrointestial bleeding. Bleeding pseudocysts may rupture into the stomach, duodenum, common bile duct, and splenic vein, or can be decompressed via the duct of Wirsung. Also it will result in upper gastrointestinal bleeding. This represents a life-threatening and frequently unrecognized complication of pancreatic disease. Proper diagnostic workup and prompt surgical management afford the patient the best chance for survival . We report a patient with pseudocyst bleeding into the gastrointestinal tract via the duct of Wirsung and discuss the current diagnostic and therapeutic approach. (Kor J Gastrointest Endosc 15: 803-807, 1995)
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원저 : 췌장의 낭성병변에서 ERCP 의 진단적 의의 ( Original Articles : Diagnostic Value of ERCP in Pancreatic Cystic Lesions )
Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 1994;14(2):175-181.   Published online November 30, 1993
AbstractAbstract PDF
The majority of cystic lesions of the pancreas are psudocysts and a small fraction neoplastic. Failure to recognize the true nature of neoplastic cyst will lead to an incorrct treatment strategy. Ultrasonography, computerized tomography and angiography were used to distingish these lesions, but diagnostic value of ERCP is in controversy. To evaluate the diagnostic value of ERCP in cystic lesions of the pancreas, we analysed 33 cases of pancreatic cystic lesions (pseudocyst 18 cases, retention cyst 3 cases and cystic, neoplasm l2 cases) between Apr. 1985 and June 1993. In 18 cases of pseudocysts, ERP findings were communication with cyst in 8 cases (44.4%), chronic pancreatitis in 8 cases (44.4%), obstruction in 4 cases (22.2%) and displscement of pancreatic duct in 2 cases (11.1%), and ERC findings, which were perfomed in 8 cases, showed cholangitis in 3 cases (37.5%), CBD stone in 2 cases (25%), mass effect in 1 case (12.5%) and normal in 2 cases (25%). There was no communication with the cyst and pancreatic duct, except two mucinous ductal ectasia, in 12 cases of cystic neoplasms, and the other findings were displacement of pancreatic duct in 4 cases (33.3%), obstruction in 2 cases (16.7%) and normal in 4 cases (33.3%). ERC findings of cystic neoplasm were almost normal (85.7%) except 1 case of cholangitis. In conclusion, ERCP findings of pseudocysts were communication with pancreatic duct, chronic pancreatitis and biliary tract abnormality. In contrast, ERCP findings of cystic neoplasms were displacement or obstruction of pancreatic duct without communication and chronic pancreatitis, and biliary tract abnormality were rare.
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