Patients with corrosive esophageal strictures have a high risk of developing carcinoma of the esophagus. For this reason, it is often recommended that resection of the esophagus should be considered for chronic caustic strictures in order to prevent the development of carcinoma. A 49-year-old woman who had undergone an esophagogastrectomy due to esophageal caustic stricture at the age of 23 was admitted with a 2-month history of dysphagia. Esophagoscopy showed a benign postoperative stricture in the remnant esophagus. After endoscopic balloon dilation of the stricture, which was about 5 cm in length, an ulcerative mass was noted distal to the stricture. This mass was diagnosed as squamous cell carcionoma. Nearly all the patients with corrosive carcinomas in the published literature had consumed an alkali drink, but our patient had a history of sulfuric acid ingestion. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;41:214-218)