1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
Copyright © 2017 Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Conflicts of Interest:The authors have no financial conflicts of interest.
Author Contribution
Conceptualization: Deepanshu Jain, Shashideep Singhal
Data curation: DJ, Bharat Singh Bhandari, Ankit Arora
Formal analysis: DJ
Methodology: DJ
Supervision: SS
Writing-original draft: DJ, BSB
Writing-review&editing: SS
No. | Study/Country | Study type | Number of subjects | Patient characteristics | Procedure time (minutes) | Suture details | Technical success | Clinical success | Follow up duration | Intra-procedure complication | Post-procedure complications |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Abu Dayyeh et al. (2013) [8] USA | Single center feasibility study | Total: 4 | Range: 172–245 | 1. Suture pattern | 1. Intact endoscopic sleeve post procedure | DNA | 3 mo | None | 1. Major: none | |
Male: 1 | 1. Mean age: 36±11 yr | a) First row: full-thickness, opposing (2 point suture across anterior and posterior gastric wall) | a) 2 mo (confirmed by EGD) | 2. Minor | |||||||
Female: 3 | 2. Mean BMI: 36±2.0 kg/m2 | b) Second row: full thickness, opposing (2 point suture across anterior and posterior gastric wall) | i) Fully intact: 2/2 (100%) | a) Abdominal pain and nausea: 3/4 (improved with supportive therapy alone) | |||||||
2. Number of suture rows: 2 | ii) Other 2 subjects: DNA | b) GERD: 1/4 (improved with short course of PPI) | |||||||||
3. Number of sutures (range): 23–28 | |||||||||||
2 | Sharaiha et al. (2015) [9] USA | Single center prospective study | Total: 10 | 1. Mean age: 43.7 yr | Median: 157 | 1. Suture pattern | DNA | 1. EWL | 6 mo | None | 1. Major: none |
Male: 3 | 2. Mean BMI: 45.2±8.8 kg/m2 | Range: 118–360 | a) First row: full-thickness, M pattern (6 point suture) | a) 1 mo: 18% | 2. Minor | ||||||
Female: 7 | b) Second row: full thickness, interrupted pattern | b) 3 mo: 26% | a) Abdominal pain and nausea: 8/10 | ||||||||
2. Number of suture rows: 2 | c) 6 mo: 30% | b) Chest pain: 2/10 | |||||||||
3. Median number of running sutures: 8 (4–8 stitches per suture) | 2. MWL in kg | ||||||||||
a) 1 mo: 11.5 | |||||||||||
b) 3 mo: 19.4 | |||||||||||
c) 6 mo: 33 | |||||||||||
3. Mean BMI Loss: 4.9 kg/m2 | |||||||||||
4. Mean Waist Circumference Loss: 21.7 cm | |||||||||||
3 | Sharaiha et al. (2017) [10] USA | Single center prospective study | Total: 91 | 1. Mean age: 43.9±11.3 yr | Mean | 1. Suture pattern | 1. Mean stomach length (GE junction to pylorus) | 1. TBWL (%) | Number of patients with follow up at | None | 1. Major |
Male: 29 | 2. Mean BMI: 38.6±7.0 kg/m2 | 1. For first 35 patients: 144.9±39.4 | a) First row: full thickness, interrupted Z pattern | a) Pre procedure: 34.8 cm | a) 6 mo: 14.4 | a) 6 mo: 73/91 | a) Perigastric leak: 1/91 (Day 8 post procedure, managed with percutaneous drain and antibiotics) | ||||
Female: 62 | 2. For rest of the patients: 74.3±18.7 | b) Second row: full thickness, interrupted | b) Post procedure: 20.4 cm (p<0.001) | b) 12 mo: 17.6 | b) 12 mo: 53/91 | 2. Minor | |||||
3. For all patients: 98.3±39.3 | 2. Number of suture rows: 2 | c) 24 mo: 20.9 | c) 24 mo: 12/91 | a) Nausea: 35/91 (improved with medications alone) | |||||||
3. Median number of sutures | 2. Mean BMI (kg/m2) | b) Abdominal pain: 25/91 (improved with medications alone) | |||||||||
a) First row: 6 | a) Baseline: 40.7 | ||||||||||
b) Second row: 3 | b) 12 mo: 32.0 | ||||||||||
3. Mean waist circumference (cm) | |||||||||||
a) Baseline: 119.7±14.1 | |||||||||||
b) 12 mo: 92.8±5.9 | |||||||||||
4. Mean HbA1c (%) | |||||||||||
a) Overall cohort | |||||||||||
i) Baseline: 6.1±1.1 | |||||||||||
ii) 12 mo: 5.5±0.5 | |||||||||||
b) Diabetics and pre-diabetics | |||||||||||
i) Baseline: 6.6±1.2 | |||||||||||
ii) 12 mo: 5.6±0.5 | |||||||||||
5. Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | |||||||||||
a) Baseline: 129.0±13.4 | |||||||||||
b) 12 mo: 122.2±11.7 | |||||||||||
6. Triglycerides (mmol/dl) | |||||||||||
a) Baseline: 131.8±83.2 | |||||||||||
b) 12 mo: 92.4±39.4 | |||||||||||
7. Alanine aminotransferase (mg/dl) | |||||||||||
a) Men | |||||||||||
i) Baseline: 42.4 | |||||||||||
ii) 12 mo: 22.0 | |||||||||||
b) Women | |||||||||||
i) Baseline: 28 | |||||||||||
ii) 12 mo: 20 | |||||||||||
4 | Abu Dayyeh et al. (2017) [11] USA | Single center prospective study | Total: 25 | Mean | 1. Suture pattern | 1. Intact endoscopic sleeve post procedure | 1. EWL (%) | Median: 9 mo | None | ||
Male: 4 | 1. Mean age: 47.6±10 yr | 1. For first 5 procedures: 217±17 | a) First row: full-thickness, triangular pattern (3 point suture along anterior gastric wall/greater curvature/posterior gastric wall) | a) 2 mo (confirmed by EGD) | a) 6 mo: 53±17 | Range: 5–20 mo | 1. Major | ||||
Female: 21 | 2. Mean BMI: 35.5±2.6 kg/m2 | 2. For last 5 procedures: 98±4 | b) Second row: full-thickness, interrupted pattern (2 point suture across anterior and posterior gastric wall) | i) Fully intact: 6/9 (66.7%) | b) 9 mo: 56±23 | a) Perigastric inflammatory serous fluid collection: 1/25 (improved with percutaneous drainage and antibiotics) | |||||
2. Number of suture rows: 2 | ii) Partially intact: 3/9 (33.3%) | c) 12 mo: 54±40 | b) Pulmonary embolism: 1/25 | ||||||||
3. Mean number of suture: 16±5 | d) 20 mo: 45±41 | c) Pneumoperitoneum and Pneumothorax: 1/25 (improved with chest tube placement) | |||||||||
2. Minor | |||||||||||
a) Abdominal Pain: 17/25 (improved with oral narcotics) | |||||||||||
b) Nausea: 17/25 (improved with anti-emetics) | |||||||||||
c) Repeat hospitalization (for pain and nausea): 8/25 (median stay: 1.5 days) | |||||||||||
5 | Lopez-Nava et al. (2015) [12] Spain | Single center prospective study | Total: 20 | 1. Mean age: 45.8±8.4 yr | Mean: 75 | 1. Suture pattern | 1. Intact endoscopic sleeve post procedure | 1. EWL (%) | 6 mo | 1. Minor bleeding: 2/20 (controlled with injection therapy) | 1. Major: none |
Male: 4 | 2. Mean BMI: 38.5±4.8 kg/m2 | Range: 40–120 | a) First row: full-thickness, triangular pattern (3 point suture along anterior gastric wall/greater curvature/posterior gastric wall) | a) 3 mo (confirmed with oral contrast study): 15/20 (75%) | a) 1 mo: 24.6±14.3 | 2. Minor: none | |||||
Female: 16 | b) Second row: full-thickness, triangular pattern (3 point suture along anterior gastric wall/greater curvature/posterior gastric wall) | b) 6 mo (confirmed with oral contrast study): 5/20 (25%) | b) 3 mo: 39.3±19.9 | ||||||||
2. Number of suture rows: 2 | c) 6 mo (confirmed with EGD): 10/20 (50%) | c) 6 mo: 53.9±26.3 | |||||||||
3. Number of sutures: DNA | 2. MWL (kg) | ||||||||||
a) 1 mo: 8.2±2.5 | |||||||||||
b) 3 mo: 13.6±4.8 | |||||||||||
c) 6 mo: 19.3±8.9 | |||||||||||
3. Mean BMI (kg/m2) | |||||||||||
a) Baseline: 38.5±4.8 | |||||||||||
b) 1 mo: 35.6±4.7 | |||||||||||
c) 3 mo: 33.7±4.7 | |||||||||||
d) 6 mo: 31.9±4.9 | |||||||||||
4. Mean Weight(kg) | |||||||||||
a) Baseline: 108.5±14.9 | |||||||||||
b) 1 mo: 100.2±13.8 | |||||||||||
c) 3 mo: 94.9±13.2 | |||||||||||
d) 6 mo: 87±11.3 | |||||||||||
5. Weight Loss (%) | |||||||||||
a) 1 mo: 7.6±2.2 | |||||||||||
b) 3 mo: 12.4±3.9 | |||||||||||
c) 6 mo: 17.8±7.5 | |||||||||||
6 | Lopez-Nava et al. (2015) [13] Spain | Single center prospective study | Total: 50 | 1. Mean age: 43.0±9.0 yr | Mean | 1. Suture pattern | DNA | 1. Mean Weight (kg) | 12 mo | None | 1. Major: none |
Male: 13 | 2. Mean BMI: 37.7±4.6 kg/m2 | 1. For first 25 procedures: 80 | a) First row: full-thickness, triangular pattern (3 point suture along anterior gastric wall/greater curvature/posterior gastric wall) | a) Baseline (n=50): 107.0±18.4 | 2. Minor | ||||||
Female: 37 | b) 1 mo (n=45): 98.5±16.5 | a) Epigastric pain: 25/50 | |||||||||
2. For last 25 procedures: 52 | c) 3 mo (n=42): 93.5±16.5 | b) Nausea: 10/50 | |||||||||
b) Second row: full-thickness, triangular pattern (3 point suture along anterior gastric wall/greater curvature/posterior gastric wall) | d) 6 mo (n=30): 89.2±17.8 | ||||||||||
3. Composite: 66 | e) 12 mo (n=13): 88.1±12.0 | ||||||||||
2. Mean BMI (kg/m2) | |||||||||||
2. Number of suture rows: 2 | a) Initial (n=50): 37.7±4.6 | ||||||||||
3. Mean number of sutures: 7 (5 stitches per suture) | b) 1 mo (n=45): 35.2±4.5 | ||||||||||
c) 3 mo (n=42): 33.3±4.6 | |||||||||||
d) 6 mo (n=30): 31.8±5.2 | |||||||||||
e) 12 mo (n=13): 30.9±5.1 | |||||||||||
3. EWL (%) | |||||||||||
a) 1 mo (n=45): 22.6±10.5 | |||||||||||
b) 3 mo (n=42): 40.2±17.3 | |||||||||||
c) 6 mo (n=30): 53.5±26.2 | |||||||||||
d) 12 mo (n=13): 57.0±33.9 | |||||||||||
4. MWL (kg) | |||||||||||
a) 1 mo (n=45): 7.4±2.7 | |||||||||||
b) 3 mo (n=42): 13.5±5.6 | |||||||||||
c) 6 mo (n=30): 18.7±8.9 | |||||||||||
d) 12 mo (n=13): 21.6±13.5 | |||||||||||
5. TBWL (%) | |||||||||||
a) 1 mo (n=45): 6.9±2.1 | |||||||||||
b) 3 mo (n=42): 12.6±4.3 | |||||||||||
c) 6 mo (n=30): 17.2±7.5 | |||||||||||
d) 12 mo (n=13): 19.0±10.8 | |||||||||||
7 | Lopez-Nava et al. (2016) [14] Spain | Single center prospective study | Total: 25 | 1. Mean age: 44.5±8.2 yr | Mean: 80 | 1. Suture pattern | 1. Intact endoscopic sleeve post procedure | 1. BMI loss (kg/m2) | 12 mo | None | 1. Major: none |
Male: 5 | 2. Mean BMI: 38.5±4.6 kg/m2 | Range: 50–120 | a) First row: full-thickness, 6 point suture along anterior gastric wall/greater curvature/posterior gastric wall | a) 1 mo (n=25): 2.8±0.8 | 2. Minor | ||||||
Female: 20 | a) 24 hr (confirmed by oral contrast study): 25/25 (100%) | b) 3 mo (n=25): 4.9±1.6 | a) Abdominal pain: 50% | ||||||||
2. Number of suture rows: 1 | c) 6 mo (n=24): 6.9±2.9 | b) Nausea: 20% | |||||||||
3. Mean number of sutures: DNA | 2. 12 mo (confirmed by endoscopy or oral contrast study): 90% (1/22 required revision gastroplasty; 3/25-lost to follow up by 12 mo) | d) 12 mo (n=22): 7.3±4.2 | |||||||||
2. MWL (kg) | |||||||||||
a) 1 mo (n=25): 7.9±2.7 | |||||||||||
b) 3 mo (n=25): 14.1±5.5 | |||||||||||
c) 6 mo (n=24): 19.6±9.1 | |||||||||||
d) 12 mo (n=22): 21.1±12.6 | |||||||||||
3. TBWL (%) | |||||||||||
a) 1 mo (n=25): 7.4±2.3 | |||||||||||
b) 3 mo (n=25): 12.9±4.3 | |||||||||||
c) 6 mo (n=24): 17.8±7.5 | |||||||||||
d) 12 mo (n=22): 18.7±10.7 | |||||||||||
4. EWL (%) | |||||||||||
a) 1 mo (n=25): 24.0±11.8 | |||||||||||
b) 3 mo (n=25): 40.5±16.5 | |||||||||||
c) 6 mo (n=24): 53.9±24.8 | |||||||||||
d) 12 mo (n=22): 54.6±31.9 | |||||||||||
8 | López-Nava Breviere et al. (2016) [15] Spain | Single center prospective study | Total: 55 | 1. Mean age: 43.5±8.1 yr | DNA | 1. Suture pattern | 1. Intact endoscopic sleeve post procedure | 1. Mean Weight (kg) | 6 mo | None | 1. Major: none |
Male: 13 | 2. Mean BMI: 37.7±4.5 kg/m2 | a) First row: full-thickness, triangular pattern (3 point suture along anterior gastric wall/greater curvature/posterior gastric wall) | a) Initial (n=55): 106.6±18.3 | 2. Minor | |||||||
Female: 42 | a) 6 mo (confirmed by endoscopic and radiographic follow-up): 55/55 (100%) | b) 1 mo (n=55): 98.9±16.4 | a) Abdominal pain: 50% (improved with painkillers, one patient required 24 hr hospitalization) | ||||||||
b) Second row: full-thickness, triangular pattern (3 point suture along anterior gastric wall/greater curvature/posterior gastric wall) | c) 3 mo (n=55): 92.2±15.6 | b) Nausea: 20% (improved with anti-emetics) | |||||||||
d) 6 mo (n=55): 87.6±14.7 | |||||||||||
2. Mean BMI (kg/m2) | |||||||||||
2. Number of suture rows: 2 | a) Initial (n=55): 37.7±4.5 | ||||||||||
3. Mean number of sutures: DNA | b) 1 mo (n=55): 35.0±4.2 | ||||||||||
c) 3 mo (n=55): 32.7±4.3 | |||||||||||
d) 6 mo (n=55): 31.1±4.5 | |||||||||||
3. TWL (kg) | |||||||||||
a) 1 mo (n=55): 7.7±2.9 | |||||||||||
b) 3 mo (n=55): 13.3±4.0 | |||||||||||
c) 6 mo (n=55): 18.9±9.5 | |||||||||||
4. TWL (%) | |||||||||||
a) 1 mo (n=55): 7.1±2.2 | |||||||||||
b) 3 mo (n=55): 13.3±4.0 | |||||||||||
c) 6 mo (n=55): 17.3±7.0 | |||||||||||
5. EWL (%) | |||||||||||
a) 1 mo (n=55): 23.1±10.2 | |||||||||||
b) 3 mo (n=55): 43.0±16.2 | |||||||||||
c) 6 mo (n=55): 55.3±23.8 | |||||||||||
9 | Galvão-Neto et al. (2016) [16] Brazil | Case report | Total: 1 | 1. Age: 56 yr | 50 | 1. Suture pattern | 1. Intact endoscopic sleeve post procedure | DNA | DNA | None | 1. Major: none |
Male: 1 | 2. BMI: 35.2 Kg/m2 | a) First row: full thickness, U shape pattern (3 point suture along anterior wall/greater curvature/posterior gastric wall) | 2. Minor | ||||||||
b) Second row: full thickness, U shape pattern (3 point suture along posterior gastric wall/greater curvature/anterior gastric wall) | a) Procedure day (confirmed by CT scan and contrast X-ray): 1/1 (100%) | a) Pneumoperitoneum: 1/1 (improved without any intervention) | |||||||||
2. Number of suture rows: 2 | b) Abdominal pain: 1/1 (mild, improved without any intervention) | ||||||||||
3. Mean number of sutures: 4 |
No. | Study/Country | Study type | Number of subjects | Patient characteristics | Procedure time (minutes) | Suture details | Technical success | Clinical success | Follow up duration | Intra-procedure complication | Post-procedure complications |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Abu Dayyeh et al. (2013) [8] USA | Single center feasibility study | Total: 4 | Range: 172–245 | 1. Suture pattern | 1. Intact endoscopic sleeve post procedure | DNA | 3 mo | None | 1. Major: none | |
Male: 1 | 1. Mean age: 36±11 yr | a) First row: full-thickness, opposing (2 point suture across anterior and posterior gastric wall) | a) 2 mo (confirmed by EGD) | 2. Minor | |||||||
Female: 3 | 2. Mean BMI: 36±2.0 kg/m2 | b) Second row: full thickness, opposing (2 point suture across anterior and posterior gastric wall) | i) Fully intact: 2/2 (100%) | a) Abdominal pain and nausea: 3/4 (improved with supportive therapy alone) | |||||||
2. Number of suture rows: 2 | ii) Other 2 subjects: DNA | b) GERD: 1/4 (improved with short course of PPI) | |||||||||
3. Number of sutures (range): 23–28 | |||||||||||
2 | Sharaiha et al. (2015) [9] USA | Single center prospective study | Total: 10 | 1. Mean age: 43.7 yr | Median: 157 | 1. Suture pattern | DNA | 1. EWL | 6 mo | None | 1. Major: none |
Male: 3 | 2. Mean BMI: 45.2±8.8 kg/m2 | Range: 118–360 | a) First row: full-thickness, M pattern (6 point suture) | a) 1 mo: 18% | 2. Minor | ||||||
Female: 7 | b) Second row: full thickness, interrupted pattern | b) 3 mo: 26% | a) Abdominal pain and nausea: 8/10 | ||||||||
2. Number of suture rows: 2 | c) 6 mo: 30% | b) Chest pain: 2/10 | |||||||||
3. Median number of running sutures: 8 (4–8 stitches per suture) | 2. MWL in kg | ||||||||||
a) 1 mo: 11.5 | |||||||||||
b) 3 mo: 19.4 | |||||||||||
c) 6 mo: 33 | |||||||||||
3. Mean BMI Loss: 4.9 kg/m2 | |||||||||||
4. Mean Waist Circumference Loss: 21.7 cm | |||||||||||
3 | Sharaiha et al. (2017) [10] USA | Single center prospective study | Total: 91 | 1. Mean age: 43.9±11.3 yr | Mean | 1. Suture pattern | 1. Mean stomach length (GE junction to pylorus) | 1. TBWL (%) | Number of patients with follow up at | None | 1. Major |
Male: 29 | 2. Mean BMI: 38.6±7.0 kg/m2 | 1. For first 35 patients: 144.9±39.4 | a) First row: full thickness, interrupted Z pattern | a) Pre procedure: 34.8 cm | a) 6 mo: 14.4 | a) 6 mo: 73/91 | a) Perigastric leak: 1/91 (Day 8 post procedure, managed with percutaneous drain and antibiotics) | ||||
Female: 62 | 2. For rest of the patients: 74.3±18.7 | b) Second row: full thickness, interrupted | b) Post procedure: 20.4 cm (p<0.001) | b) 12 mo: 17.6 | b) 12 mo: 53/91 | 2. Minor | |||||
3. For all patients: 98.3±39.3 | 2. Number of suture rows: 2 | c) 24 mo: 20.9 | c) 24 mo: 12/91 | a) Nausea: 35/91 (improved with medications alone) | |||||||
3. Median number of sutures | 2. Mean BMI (kg/m2) | b) Abdominal pain: 25/91 (improved with medications alone) | |||||||||
a) First row: 6 | a) Baseline: 40.7 | ||||||||||
b) Second row: 3 | b) 12 mo: 32.0 | ||||||||||
3. Mean waist circumference (cm) | |||||||||||
a) Baseline: 119.7±14.1 | |||||||||||
b) 12 mo: 92.8±5.9 | |||||||||||
4. Mean HbA1c (%) | |||||||||||
a) Overall cohort | |||||||||||
i) Baseline: 6.1±1.1 | |||||||||||
ii) 12 mo: 5.5±0.5 | |||||||||||
b) Diabetics and pre-diabetics | |||||||||||
i) Baseline: 6.6±1.2 | |||||||||||
ii) 12 mo: 5.6±0.5 | |||||||||||
5. Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | |||||||||||
a) Baseline: 129.0±13.4 | |||||||||||
b) 12 mo: 122.2±11.7 | |||||||||||
6. Triglycerides (mmol/dl) | |||||||||||
a) Baseline: 131.8±83.2 | |||||||||||
b) 12 mo: 92.4±39.4 | |||||||||||
7. Alanine aminotransferase (mg/dl) | |||||||||||
a) Men | |||||||||||
i) Baseline: 42.4 | |||||||||||
ii) 12 mo: 22.0 | |||||||||||
b) Women | |||||||||||
i) Baseline: 28 | |||||||||||
ii) 12 mo: 20 | |||||||||||
4 | Abu Dayyeh et al. (2017) [11] USA | Single center prospective study | Total: 25 | Mean | 1. Suture pattern | 1. Intact endoscopic sleeve post procedure | 1. EWL (%) | Median: 9 mo | None | ||
Male: 4 | 1. Mean age: 47.6±10 yr | 1. For first 5 procedures: 217±17 | a) First row: full-thickness, triangular pattern (3 point suture along anterior gastric wall/greater curvature/posterior gastric wall) | a) 2 mo (confirmed by EGD) | a) 6 mo: 53±17 | Range: 5–20 mo | 1. Major | ||||
Female: 21 | 2. Mean BMI: 35.5±2.6 kg/m2 | 2. For last 5 procedures: 98±4 | b) Second row: full-thickness, interrupted pattern (2 point suture across anterior and posterior gastric wall) | i) Fully intact: 6/9 (66.7%) | b) 9 mo: 56±23 | a) Perigastric inflammatory serous fluid collection: 1/25 (improved with percutaneous drainage and antibiotics) | |||||
2. Number of suture rows: 2 | ii) Partially intact: 3/9 (33.3%) | c) 12 mo: 54±40 | b) Pulmonary embolism: 1/25 | ||||||||
3. Mean number of suture: 16±5 | d) 20 mo: 45±41 | c) Pneumoperitoneum and Pneumothorax: 1/25 (improved with chest tube placement) | |||||||||
2. Minor | |||||||||||
a) Abdominal Pain: 17/25 (improved with oral narcotics) | |||||||||||
b) Nausea: 17/25 (improved with anti-emetics) | |||||||||||
c) Repeat hospitalization (for pain and nausea): 8/25 (median stay: 1.5 days) | |||||||||||
5 | Lopez-Nava et al. (2015) [12] Spain | Single center prospective study | Total: 20 | 1. Mean age: 45.8±8.4 yr | Mean: 75 | 1. Suture pattern | 1. Intact endoscopic sleeve post procedure | 1. EWL (%) | 6 mo | 1. Minor bleeding: 2/20 (controlled with injection therapy) | 1. Major: none |
Male: 4 | 2. Mean BMI: 38.5±4.8 kg/m2 | Range: 40–120 | a) First row: full-thickness, triangular pattern (3 point suture along anterior gastric wall/greater curvature/posterior gastric wall) | a) 3 mo (confirmed with oral contrast study): 15/20 (75%) | a) 1 mo: 24.6±14.3 | 2. Minor: none | |||||
Female: 16 | b) Second row: full-thickness, triangular pattern (3 point suture along anterior gastric wall/greater curvature/posterior gastric wall) | b) 6 mo (confirmed with oral contrast study): 5/20 (25%) | b) 3 mo: 39.3±19.9 | ||||||||
2. Number of suture rows: 2 | c) 6 mo (confirmed with EGD): 10/20 (50%) | c) 6 mo: 53.9±26.3 | |||||||||
3. Number of sutures: DNA | 2. MWL (kg) | ||||||||||
a) 1 mo: 8.2±2.5 | |||||||||||
b) 3 mo: 13.6±4.8 | |||||||||||
c) 6 mo: 19.3±8.9 | |||||||||||
3. Mean BMI (kg/m2) | |||||||||||
a) Baseline: 38.5±4.8 | |||||||||||
b) 1 mo: 35.6±4.7 | |||||||||||
c) 3 mo: 33.7±4.7 | |||||||||||
d) 6 mo: 31.9±4.9 | |||||||||||
4. Mean Weight(kg) | |||||||||||
a) Baseline: 108.5±14.9 | |||||||||||
b) 1 mo: 100.2±13.8 | |||||||||||
c) 3 mo: 94.9±13.2 | |||||||||||
d) 6 mo: 87±11.3 | |||||||||||
5. Weight Loss (%) | |||||||||||
a) 1 mo: 7.6±2.2 | |||||||||||
b) 3 mo: 12.4±3.9 | |||||||||||
c) 6 mo: 17.8±7.5 | |||||||||||
6 | Lopez-Nava et al. (2015) [13] Spain | Single center prospective study | Total: 50 | 1. Mean age: 43.0±9.0 yr | Mean | 1. Suture pattern | DNA | 1. Mean Weight (kg) | 12 mo | None | 1. Major: none |
Male: 13 | 2. Mean BMI: 37.7±4.6 kg/m2 | 1. For first 25 procedures: 80 | a) First row: full-thickness, triangular pattern (3 point suture along anterior gastric wall/greater curvature/posterior gastric wall) | a) Baseline (n=50): 107.0±18.4 | 2. Minor | ||||||
Female: 37 | b) 1 mo (n=45): 98.5±16.5 | a) Epigastric pain: 25/50 | |||||||||
2. For last 25 procedures: 52 | c) 3 mo (n=42): 93.5±16.5 | b) Nausea: 10/50 | |||||||||
b) Second row: full-thickness, triangular pattern (3 point suture along anterior gastric wall/greater curvature/posterior gastric wall) | d) 6 mo (n=30): 89.2±17.8 | ||||||||||
3. Composite: 66 | e) 12 mo (n=13): 88.1±12.0 | ||||||||||
2. Mean BMI (kg/m2) | |||||||||||
2. Number of suture rows: 2 | a) Initial (n=50): 37.7±4.6 | ||||||||||
3. Mean number of sutures: 7 (5 stitches per suture) | b) 1 mo (n=45): 35.2±4.5 | ||||||||||
c) 3 mo (n=42): 33.3±4.6 | |||||||||||
d) 6 mo (n=30): 31.8±5.2 | |||||||||||
e) 12 mo (n=13): 30.9±5.1 | |||||||||||
3. EWL (%) | |||||||||||
a) 1 mo (n=45): 22.6±10.5 | |||||||||||
b) 3 mo (n=42): 40.2±17.3 | |||||||||||
c) 6 mo (n=30): 53.5±26.2 | |||||||||||
d) 12 mo (n=13): 57.0±33.9 | |||||||||||
4. MWL (kg) | |||||||||||
a) 1 mo (n=45): 7.4±2.7 | |||||||||||
b) 3 mo (n=42): 13.5±5.6 | |||||||||||
c) 6 mo (n=30): 18.7±8.9 | |||||||||||
d) 12 mo (n=13): 21.6±13.5 | |||||||||||
5. TBWL (%) | |||||||||||
a) 1 mo (n=45): 6.9±2.1 | |||||||||||
b) 3 mo (n=42): 12.6±4.3 | |||||||||||
c) 6 mo (n=30): 17.2±7.5 | |||||||||||
d) 12 mo (n=13): 19.0±10.8 | |||||||||||
7 | Lopez-Nava et al. (2016) [14] Spain | Single center prospective study | Total: 25 | 1. Mean age: 44.5±8.2 yr | Mean: 80 | 1. Suture pattern | 1. Intact endoscopic sleeve post procedure | 1. BMI loss (kg/m2) | 12 mo | None | 1. Major: none |
Male: 5 | 2. Mean BMI: 38.5±4.6 kg/m2 | Range: 50–120 | a) First row: full-thickness, 6 point suture along anterior gastric wall/greater curvature/posterior gastric wall | a) 1 mo (n=25): 2.8±0.8 | 2. Minor | ||||||
Female: 20 | a) 24 hr (confirmed by oral contrast study): 25/25 (100%) | b) 3 mo (n=25): 4.9±1.6 | a) Abdominal pain: 50% | ||||||||
2. Number of suture rows: 1 | c) 6 mo (n=24): 6.9±2.9 | b) Nausea: 20% | |||||||||
3. Mean number of sutures: DNA | 2. 12 mo (confirmed by endoscopy or oral contrast study): 90% (1/22 required revision gastroplasty; 3/25-lost to follow up by 12 mo) | d) 12 mo (n=22): 7.3±4.2 | |||||||||
2. MWL (kg) | |||||||||||
a) 1 mo (n=25): 7.9±2.7 | |||||||||||
b) 3 mo (n=25): 14.1±5.5 | |||||||||||
c) 6 mo (n=24): 19.6±9.1 | |||||||||||
d) 12 mo (n=22): 21.1±12.6 | |||||||||||
3. TBWL (%) | |||||||||||
a) 1 mo (n=25): 7.4±2.3 | |||||||||||
b) 3 mo (n=25): 12.9±4.3 | |||||||||||
c) 6 mo (n=24): 17.8±7.5 | |||||||||||
d) 12 mo (n=22): 18.7±10.7 | |||||||||||
4. EWL (%) | |||||||||||
a) 1 mo (n=25): 24.0±11.8 | |||||||||||
b) 3 mo (n=25): 40.5±16.5 | |||||||||||
c) 6 mo (n=24): 53.9±24.8 | |||||||||||
d) 12 mo (n=22): 54.6±31.9 | |||||||||||
8 | López-Nava Breviere et al. (2016) [15] Spain | Single center prospective study | Total: 55 | 1. Mean age: 43.5±8.1 yr | DNA | 1. Suture pattern | 1. Intact endoscopic sleeve post procedure | 1. Mean Weight (kg) | 6 mo | None | 1. Major: none |
Male: 13 | 2. Mean BMI: 37.7±4.5 kg/m2 | a) First row: full-thickness, triangular pattern (3 point suture along anterior gastric wall/greater curvature/posterior gastric wall) | a) Initial (n=55): 106.6±18.3 | 2. Minor | |||||||
Female: 42 | a) 6 mo (confirmed by endoscopic and radiographic follow-up): 55/55 (100%) | b) 1 mo (n=55): 98.9±16.4 | a) Abdominal pain: 50% (improved with painkillers, one patient required 24 hr hospitalization) | ||||||||
b) Second row: full-thickness, triangular pattern (3 point suture along anterior gastric wall/greater curvature/posterior gastric wall) | c) 3 mo (n=55): 92.2±15.6 | b) Nausea: 20% (improved with anti-emetics) | |||||||||
d) 6 mo (n=55): 87.6±14.7 | |||||||||||
2. Mean BMI (kg/m2) | |||||||||||
2. Number of suture rows: 2 | a) Initial (n=55): 37.7±4.5 | ||||||||||
3. Mean number of sutures: DNA | b) 1 mo (n=55): 35.0±4.2 | ||||||||||
c) 3 mo (n=55): 32.7±4.3 | |||||||||||
d) 6 mo (n=55): 31.1±4.5 | |||||||||||
3. TWL (kg) | |||||||||||
a) 1 mo (n=55): 7.7±2.9 | |||||||||||
b) 3 mo (n=55): 13.3±4.0 | |||||||||||
c) 6 mo (n=55): 18.9±9.5 | |||||||||||
4. TWL (%) | |||||||||||
a) 1 mo (n=55): 7.1±2.2 | |||||||||||
b) 3 mo (n=55): 13.3±4.0 | |||||||||||
c) 6 mo (n=55): 17.3±7.0 | |||||||||||
5. EWL (%) | |||||||||||
a) 1 mo (n=55): 23.1±10.2 | |||||||||||
b) 3 mo (n=55): 43.0±16.2 | |||||||||||
c) 6 mo (n=55): 55.3±23.8 | |||||||||||
9 | Galvão-Neto et al. (2016) [16] Brazil | Case report | Total: 1 | 1. Age: 56 yr | 50 | 1. Suture pattern | 1. Intact endoscopic sleeve post procedure | DNA | DNA | None | 1. Major: none |
Male: 1 | 2. BMI: 35.2 Kg/m2 | a) First row: full thickness, U shape pattern (3 point suture along anterior wall/greater curvature/posterior gastric wall) | 2. Minor | ||||||||
b) Second row: full thickness, U shape pattern (3 point suture along posterior gastric wall/greater curvature/anterior gastric wall) | a) Procedure day (confirmed by CT scan and contrast X-ray): 1/1 (100%) | a) Pneumoperitoneum: 1/1 (improved without any intervention) | |||||||||
2. Number of suture rows: 2 | b) Abdominal pain: 1/1 (mild, improved without any intervention) | ||||||||||
3. Mean number of sutures: 4 |
BMI, body mass index; EGD, esophagogastroduodenoscopy; DNA, data not available; GERD, gastro-esophageal reflux disease; PPI, proton pump inhibitors; EWL, excess weight loss; MWL, mean weight loss; GE, gastro-esophageal; TBWL, total body weight loss; TWL, total weight loss; CT, computed tomography.