Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
Copyright © 2022 Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
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Variable | C-EBL | N-EBL |
---|---|---|
Device name | EVL Device (MD-48710U) | EBL Device (MD-48912B) |
Company | Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Tokyo, Japan | Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Tokyo, Japan |
Height of ligator (mm) | 7.0 | 5.0 |
Diameter of inner hood (mm) | 9.8 | 11.8 |
Advantage | Conventionally used devices | Regulatory approval for CDB clearer view when inserting scope |
Disadvantage | No regulatory approval for CDB |
Characteristic | C-EBL (n=36) | N-EBL (n=43) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (yr) | 75 (58–84) | 66 (57–80) | 0.260 |
Male sex | 27 (75.0) | 35 (81.4) | 0.586 |
Hypertension | 21 (58.3) | 32 (74.4) | 0.154 |
Diabetes mellitus | 6 (16.7) | 13 (30.2) | 0.193 |
Chronic kidney disease | 6 (16.7) | 8 (18.6) | 0.531 |
Ischemic heart disease | 14 (38.9) | 11 (25.6) | 0.232 |
Antithrombotic agents | 14 (38.9) | 14 (38.9) | 0.363 |
NSAIDs | 1 (2.8) | 3 (7.0) | 0.621 |
Contrast CT | 27 (75.0) | 32 (74.4) | 0.581 |
Contrast extravasation on CT | 9 (33.3) | 11 (34.4) | 0.577 |
Preparation | 32 (88.9) | 32 (74.4) | 0.150 |
Expert endoscopist | 19 (52.8) | 16 (37.2) | 0.181 |
Location of hemorrhage | 0.282 | ||
Cecum | 0 | 1 (2.3) | |
Ascending colon | 17 (47.2) | 23 (53.5) | |
Hepatic flexure | 5 (13.9) | 9 (20.9) | |
Transverse colon | 1 (2.8) | 3 (7.0) | |
Descending colon | 1 (2.8) | 1 (2.3) | |
Sigmoid colon | 12 (33.3) | 6 (14.0) | |
Stigmata of recent hemorrhage | 0.806 | ||
Active bleeding | 13 (36.1) | 18 (41.9) | |
Non-bleeding visible vessel | 13 (36.1) | 15 (34.9) | |
Adherent clot | 10 (27.8) | 10 (23.3) |
Variable | C-EBL (n=36) | N-EBL (n=40) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Early rebleeding | 3 (8.3) | 7 (17.5) | 0.241 |
Complete inversion | 29 (80.6) | 32 (80.0) | 0.590 |
Blood transfusion | 14 (38.9) | 18 (45.0) | 0.646 |
Procedure time (min) | |||
Time to identify the bleeding diverticulum | 24.1 (1–73) | 27.1 (5–87) | 0.128 |
EBL procedure time | 18.2 (7–39) | 14.2 (2–36) | 0.020 |
Total procedure time | 42.9 (10–91) | 45.8 (7–110) | 0.560 |
Complication | 0 | 0 | NS |
No | Age (yr) | Sex | Device | Location | SRH | Antithrombotic agent | Comorbidity | Inversion | Operator | Day to rebleeding | Additional treatment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 79 | F | C | S/C | AB | None | HT | Incomplete | Expert | 4 | Clipping |
2 | 66 | M | C | A/C | AB | Aspirin | HT, IHD | Complete | Expert | 1 | EBL |
3 | 85 | M | C | S/C | AB | None | None | Complete | Nonexpert | 1 | Clipping |
4 | 91 | M | N | Hepatic flexure | AB | None | HT, DM, CKD | Incomplete | Expert | 2 | Clipping |
5 | 52 | M | N | T/C | NBVV | None | None | Complete | Expert | 5 | Conservative |
6 | 68 | M | N | A/C | NBVV | Aspirin, clopidogrel | HT, DM, IHD | Incomplete | Nonexpert | 2 | Conservative |
7 | 55 | M | N | Hepatic flexure | NBVV | Aspirin, prasugrel | HT, DM, IHD | Incomplete | Expert | 2 | Clipping |
8 | 71 | M | N | A/C | AB | Aspirin, warfarin | HT, CKD, IHD | Incomplete | Nonexpert | 3 | Conservative |
9 | 49 | F | N | A/C | NBVV | None | None | Complete | Expert | 4 | Clipping |
10 | 65 | M | N | A/C | AC | None | None | Complete | Nonexpert | 3 | EBL |
C-EBL, conventional endoscopic band ligation device; N-EBL, new endoscopic band ligation device; EVL, endoscopic variceal ligation; CDB, colonic diverticular bleeding.
Values are presented as median (interquartile range) or number (%). C-EBL, conventional endoscopic band ligation; N-EBL, new endoscopic band ligation; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; CT, computed tomography.
Values are presented as number (%) or median (interquartile range). C-EBL, conventional endoscopic band ligation; N-EBL, new endoscopic band ligation; NS, not significant.
SRH, stigmata of recent hemorrhage; C, conventional endoscopic band ligation device; S/C, sigmoid colon; AB, active bleeding; HT, hypertension; A/C, ascending colon; IHD, ischemic heart disease; EBL, endoscopic band ligation; N, new endoscopic band ligation device; DM, diabetes mellitus; CKD, chronic kidney disease; T/C, transverse colon; NBVV, non-bleeding visible vessel; AC, adherent clot.