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HOME > Clin Endosc > Volume 55(6); 2022 > Article
Editorial Assessing implementation strategy and learning curve for transoral incisionless fundoplication as a new technique
Muhammad Haseeb1,2orcid, Christopher C. Thompson1,2,orcid
Clinical Endoscopy 2022;55(6):751-752.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2022.280
Published online: November 8, 2022

1Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

2Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

Correspondence: Christopher C. Thompson Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Profession of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA E-mail: cthompson@hms.harvard.edu
• Received: October 8, 2022   • Accepted: October 21, 2022

Copyright © 2022 Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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See the article "Safe implementation of transoral incisionless fundoplication as a new technique in a tertiary care center" on page 630.
We read with great interest the article by Bomman et al.1 regarding the transition to transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF) in an outpatient setting. TIF is a minimally-invasive endoscopic fundoplication technique used for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It was first introduced in 2005, approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2007, and is performed using an EsophyX device (EndoGastric Solutions Inc., Redmond, WA, USA). The procedure and the device to perform TIF have evolved over the years. TIF procedures currently in practice include TIF 2.0 and cTIF (concomitant TIF with hiatal hernial repair). TIF 2.0 is reserved for patients with hiatal hernial size of ≤2 cm or Hill grade ≤2; cTIF is performed in patients with hiatal hernial size >2 cm or Hill grade >2, similar to the surgical fundoplication performed in this patient population. The technique aims to create a full-thickness, 270° to 300° circumference esophagogastric fundoplication with the device, elongating the intra-abdominal esophagus by 2 to 4 cm.2 There is growing evidence of the safety and efficacy of this procedure.3,4
In a previous issue of Clinical Endoscopy, Bomman et al.1 reported their experience with 30 cases, where TIF (TIF 2.0) was adapted as a new procedure at a tertiary U.S. center in a stepwise approach from an inpatient operating room to a fully outpatient procedure. As the first step, three procedure sessions (nine cases) were performed in the operating room with overnight admission and esophagography. In the second step, TIF was transitioned to being performed in an endoscopy suite as a complete outpatient procedure with same-day discharge. The technical success rate of the procedure was 97%; no major adverse events were reported. There was no difference in the 30-day readmission rates between the two groups (one case in each group). The procedure time decreased with more experience and as it transitioned from the operating room to the outpatient endoscopic suite.
Only one technical failure occurred in a patient who had undergone prior sleeve gastrectomy. Performing full-thickness esophagogastric fundoplication using TIF after sleeve gastrectomy can be challenging. Even with a skilled endoscopist, this may not be technically feasible, given that the left fundus may not be adequate for TIF. Unfortunately, data on such cases are limited. An alternative option of performing TIF procedure before bariatric surgery is yet to be supported with evidence.5 Shah et al.6 successfully demonstrated a case of same-session TIF followed by endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty in 2020 in a patient with GERD and obesity. Bomman et al.1 demonstrated that TIF was technically successful in four patients with prior altered anatomy (hernia repair, hernial repair with partial fundoplication). In addition, TIF was successfully performed in patients after peroral endoscopic myotomy.7 Finally, the authors also assessed the impact of experience and training on the duration of the procedure during the transition. Bomman et al.1 reported a consistently lower procedure time after 20 procedures, with an average time of 65 min; however, we would have appreciated a more thorough assessment of the learning curve. In 2021, Dbouk et al.8 assessed the learning curve for TIF in 72 procedures performed with clearly defined endpoints for proficiency (defined as the creation of TIF ≥270° in circumference and >2 cm in length), minimum mean time for plication (placing a set of two fasteners), and efficiency (minimum number of TIF procedures to achieve the minimum mean TIF duration). The study results showed that proficiency was achieved after 18 to 20 TIF procedures, efficiency for performing plications after 26, and maximum efficiency for the whole procedure after 44; the time decreased significantly to 39.4 minutes. It would be interesting to compare the proficiency and efficiency endpoints for performing TIF in different settings and specialties, such as foregut surgeons, general gastroenterologists, or therapeutic endoscopists.
In conclusion, TIF is a minimally-invasive endoscopic fundoplication technique with growing evidence of its efficacy and safety in selected patients with GERD. This study demonstrated that TIF can be safely and successfully transitioned to an outpatient endoscopic suite after standardized training of new users. However, an experienced and skilled endoscopist should be consulted for anatomically challenging cases, such as sleeve gastrectomy, to assess the feasibility of the procedure.
  • 1. Bomman S, Malashanka S, Ghafoor A, et al. Safe implementation of transoral incisionless fundoplication as a new technique in a tertiary care center. Clin Endosc 2022;55:630–636.ArticlePubMedPMCPDF
  • 2. Ihde GM. The evolution of TIF: transoral incisionless fundoplication. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2020;13:1756284820924206.ArticlePubMedPMCPDF
  • 3. McCarty TR, Itidiare M, Njei B, et al. Efficacy of transoral incisionless fundoplication for refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endoscopy 2018;50:708–725.ArticlePubMed
  • 4. Testoni PA, Vailati C, Testoni S, et al. Transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF 2.0) with EsophyX for gastroesophageal reflux disease: long-term results and findings affecting outcome. Surg Endosc 2012;26:1425–1435.ArticlePubMedPDF
  • 5. Transoral fundoplication prior to sleeve gastrectomy versus RNY gastric bypass on GERD symptoms in bariatric patients. 2022 [last updated 2022 May 9; results first received 2022 May 9; cited 2022 Sep 1]. In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): U.S. National Library of Medicine; 2000 Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT05365087 ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05365087
  • 6. Shah SL, Dawod S, Dawod Q, et al. Same-session endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty and transoral incisionless fundoplication: a possible solution to a growing problem. VideoGIE 2020;5:468–469.ArticlePubMedPMC
  • 7. Tyberg A, Choi A, Gaidhane M, et al. Transoral incisional fundoplication for reflux after peroral endoscopic myotomy: a crucial addition to our arsenal. Endosc Int Open 2018;6:E549–E552.ArticlePubMedPMC
  • 8. Dbouk M, Brewer Gutierrez OI, Kannadath BS, et al. The learning curve for transoral incisionless fundoplication. Endosc Int Open 2021;9:E1785–E1791.ArticlePubMedPMC

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    • Gastroesophageal reflux disease in children: What’s new right now?
      Palittiya Sintusek, Mohamed Mutalib, Nikhil Thapar
      World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2023; 15(3): 84.     CrossRef
    • Endoscopic therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease: where are we, where are we going?
      Muhammad Haseeb, Christopher C. Thompson
      Current Opinion in Gastroenterology.2023; 39(5): 381.     CrossRef

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      Assessing implementation strategy and learning curve for transoral incisionless fundoplication as a new technique
      Clin Endosc. 2022;55(6):751-752.   Published online November 8, 2022
      DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2022.280
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