Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
Copyright © 2023 Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors have no potential conflicts of interest.
Funding
None
Author Contributions
Conceptualization: DYC; Data curation: SS, YJS, HHL, JIK, SHP; Formal analysis: SS, DYC; Investigation: SS, DYC; Methodology: SS, DYC; Validation: SS, DYC; Writing–original draft: SS, DYC; Writing–review & editing: YJS, HHL, JIK, SHP.
LGD | HGD | EGC | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
MGN development in total | 7/49 | 8/37 | 11/104 | |
Annual incidence of MGN (%/yr) | 5.36 | 6.47 | 2.74 | 0.9091* for LGD-HGD |
0.0076* for LGD-EGC | ||||
0.0122* for HGD-EGC | ||||
Time interval to MGN for observed subjects (mean±SD, yr) | 4.2±0.92 | 3.6±1.27 | 4.4±2.47 | 0.664 |
MGN free survival (mean, 95% CI) | 4.95 (4.36–5.54) | 8.73 (5.88–11.59) | 9.39 (8.38–10.40) | 0.010 |
Characteristic | LGD (n=49) | HGD (n=37) | EGC (n=104) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yr) | 63.7±9.5 | 65.2±10.2 | 64.4±11.0 | 0.811 |
Sex | 0.152 | |||
Male | 31 (63.3) | 28 (75.7) | 81 (77.9) | |
Female | 18 (36.7) | 9 (24.3) | 23 (22.1) | |
Lifestyle habits | ||||
Smoking | 3 (6.1) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (6.7) | 0.276 |
Alcohol | 4 (8.2) | 1 (2.7) | 11 (10.6) | 0.333 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Hypertension | 17 (34.7) | 16 (43.2) | 34 (32.7) | 0.512 |
Diabetes mellitus | 11 (22.4) | 11 (29.7) | 15 (14.4) | 0.108 |
Chronic liver disease | 2 (4.1) | 1 (2.7) | 4 (3.8) | 0.937 |
Chronic lung disease | 2 (4.1) | 1 (2.7) | 3 (2.9) | 0.911 |
Cardiovascular disease | 4 (8.2) | 3 (8.1) | 7 (6.7) | 0.934 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 2 (4.1) | 4 (10.8) | 5 (4.8) | 0.34 |
Antiplatelet drug use | 5 (10.2) | 9 (24.3) | 10 (9.6) | 0.058 |
Helicobacter pylori | ||||
H. pylori positivity at baseline | 8 (16.3) | 8 (21.6) | 15 (14.4) | 0.623 |
H. pylori positivity at last follow-up | 11 (22.4) | 8 (21.6) | 20 (19.2) | 0.885 |
Tumor size (cm) | 1.40±1.09 | 1.32±0.58 | 1.57±0.99 | 0.334 |
Tumor location | 0.656 | |||
Upper | 6 (12.2) | 4 (10.8) | 11 (10.6) | |
Middle | 11 (22.4) | 10 (27.0) | 17 (16.3) | |
Lower | 32 (65.3) | 23 (62.2) | 76 (73.1) | |
Multiple lesions | 5 (10.2) | 4 (10.8) | 11 (10.6) | 0.996 |
Intestinal metaplasia | 30 (61.2) | 24 (64.9) | 77 (74.0) | 0.252 |
Atropic gastritis by serology | 36.4% | 30.8% | 39.5% | 0.852 |
(PG I≤70 and PG I/II≤3) |
LGD | HGD | EGC | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
MGN development in total | 7/49 | 8/37 | 11/104 | |
Annual incidence of MGN (%/yr) | 5.36 | 6.47 | 2.74 | 0.9091 |
0.0076 |
||||
0.0122 |
||||
Time interval to MGN for observed subjects (mean±SD, yr) | 4.2±0.92 | 3.6±1.27 | 4.4±2.47 | 0.664 |
MGN free survival (mean, 95% CI) | 4.95 (4.36–5.54) | 8.73 (5.88–11.59) | 9.39 (8.38–10.40) | 0.010 |
Characteristic | Metachronous gastric neoplasm |
||
---|---|---|---|
No (n=164) | Yes (n=26) | p-value | |
Age (yr) | 63.6±10.5 | 69.6±8.4 | 0.197 |
Sex | 0.173 | ||
Male | 118 (72.0) | 22 (84.6) | |
Female | 46 (28.0) | 4 (15.4) | |
Smoking | 9 (5.5) | 1 (3.8) | 0.728 |
Alcohol | 14 (8.5) | 2 (7.7) | 0.885 |
Antiplatelet drug use | 20 (12.2) | 4 (15.4) | 0.649 |
Helicobacter pylori status at last follow-up | 0.860 | ||
Negative | 130 (79.3) | 21(80.8) | |
Positive | 34 (20.7) | 5 (19.2) | |
Histology type of primary neoplasm | 0.242 | ||
Low-grade dysplasia | 42 (25.6) | 7 (26.9)) | |
High-grade dysplasia | 29 (17.7) | 8 (30.8) | |
Early gastric cancer | 93 (56.7) | 11 (42.3) | |
Tumor size (cm) | 0.851 | ||
<1.5 | 89 (54.3) | 15 (57.7) | |
≥1.5 | 75 (45.7) | 11 (42.3) | |
Tumor location | 0.798 | ||
Upper | 19 (11.6) | 2 (7.7) | |
Middle | 32 (19.5) | 6 (23.1) | |
Lower | 113 (68.9) | 18 (69.2) | |
Intestinal metaplasia | 111 (67.7) | 20 (76.9) | 0.334 |
Atrophic gastritis by serology (PG I≤70 and PG I/II≤3) | 37.1% | 33.3% | 0.894 |
HR (95% CI) | p-value | |
---|---|---|
Sex | ||
Male | 1.00 | |
Female | 0.46 (0.16–1.33) | 0.15 |
Smoking | ||
No | 1.00 | |
Yes | 1.33 (0.18–10.01) | 0.78 |
Alcohol | ||
No | 1.00 | |
Yes | 2.35 (0.54–10.25) | 0.26 |
Antiplatelet drug use | ||
No | 1.00 | |
Yes | 1.29 (0.44–3.75) | 0.26 |
Helicobacter pylori status at last follow-up | ||
Negative | 1.00 | |
Positive | 1.13 (0.42–3.01) | 0.81 |
Tumor location | ||
Upper | 1.00 | |
Middle | 1.92 (0.39–9.58) | 0.42 |
Lower | 1.26 (0.29–5.42) | 0.76 |
Tumor size (cm) | ||
<1.5 | 1.00 | |
≥1.5 | 0.84 (0.38–1.86) | 0.67 |
PG I≤70 and PG I/II≤3 | ||
No | 1.00 | |
Yes | 0.71 (0.06–7.91) | 0.78 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%). LGD, low-grade dysplasia; HGD, high-grade dysplasia; EGC, early gastric cancer; PG, pepsinogen.
LGD, low-grade dysplasia; HGD, high-grade dysplasia; EGC, early gastric cancer; MGN, metachronous gastric neoplasm; SD, standard deviation; CI, confidence interval.
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%). PG, pepsinogen.
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; PG, pepsinogen.