1Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
2Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
© 2024 Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors have no potential conflicts of interest.
Funding
This work was supported by a grant from the National Cancer Center, Korea (No. 2310780).
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Se Woo Park for completing the figures in the manuscript.
Author Contributions
Conceptualization: CGK; Data curation: SGL; Formal analysis: SGL; Investigation: SGL; Supervision: CGK; Writing–original draft: SGL; Writing–review & editing: CGK.
Study | Design/centers | Country | No. of patients finally analyzed | Type of malignancy | C-SEMS | U-SEMS | Technical success (%)a) | Clinical success (%)a) | 8-wk patency (%)a) | Stent patency (wk) | Stent migration during follow-up (%)a) | Restenosis during follow-up (ingrowth,overgrowth, stent compression) (%)a) | Reintervention during follow-up (%)a) | Major complications (%)b) | Follow-up (wk)a) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kim et al. (2010)16 | RCT/single center | Korea | 80 | GC | Niti-S pyloric or Niti-S ComVi pyloric stent (double layered) | Enteral Wallstent or Enteral WallFlex | 100/100 | 95/90 | 61.3/61.1 | NA | 32.3/8.3 | 3.2/44.4 | NA | 2/0 | 14.5 (1–117)/14 (1–114) |
Maetani et al. (2014)17 | RCT/multicenter | Japan | 62 | GC, PC, BDC | Niti-S ComVi stent (triple layered) | Niti-S stent | 100/100 | 87.1/93.5 | NA | NA | 6.5/3.3 | 0/19.4 | 3.3/19.4 | 3.2/3.2 | 10.4/13.3 |
Lim et al. (2014)15 | RCT/multicenter | Korea | 120 | GC, PC, DC, AC, BDC, GBC | Niti-S ComVi pyloric stent (double layered) | Niti-S pyloric/duodenal D-type stent | 100/100 | 100/98.4 | NA | 13.6 (8–19)/13.1 (8.9–17.3) | 13.6/0 | 6.8/21.3 | 22.0/21.3 | 0/0 | 14.0 (8–26)/14.0 (7–22) |
Lee et al. (2015)18 | RCT/multicenter | Korea | 102 | GC | WAVE SEMS with an anti-migration design (Bona stents) | U-SEMS (Bona stents) | 98.0/96.1 | 94.1/86.2 | 72.5/62.7 | NA | 9.5/5.4 | 7.1/37.8 | 23.5/39.2 | 0/0 | 21.3 (±10)/20.1 (±9.5) |
van Hooft et al. (2007)19 | Retrospective/multicenter | Netherlands, Italy, Germany | 62 | PC, GC, MD, BDC, GBC, AC, DC | WallFlex duodenal stent | 97 | 85 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | NA | 8 | 4.3 | |
van Hooft et al. (2009)20 | Prospective/multicenter | Netherlands | 51 | PC, BDC, GBC, GC, DC, AC, MD | WallFlex duodenal stent | 98 | 84 | NA | 43.8 | 2 | 12 | 14 | 10 | 8.9 | |
Havemann et al. (2009)21 | Prospective/single center | Denmark | 45 | PC, GC, GyC, UC, HC, MD | Hanaro stents | 91 | 63 | NA | NA | 7 | 14 | 14 | 4 | 17.3 (9–25.9) | |
Kim et al. (2011)22 | Prospective/multicenter | Korea | 50 | GC, PC, BDC, GBC | Niti-S Comvi pyloric stent | 100 | 88 | NA | 13.1±8.0 | 10 | 18 | 28 | 0 | 15.7 (±9) | |
Isayama et al. (2012)23 | Prospective/multicenter | Japan | 50 | PC, GC, BDC, MD | Niti-S M-ComVi stent (triple layered) | 100 | 90 | NA | 21.4±1.3 | 6 | 10 | NA | 4 | 20 (±2.8) | |
Sasaki et al. (2013)24 | Retrospective/multicenter | Japan | 42 | PC, GC, BDC, DC | WallFlex duodenal stent | 100 | 83.3 | NA | 16.0 (3–18) | 0 | 23.8 | 26.2 | 2.4 | 3.3 (1.8–6) | |
van den Berg et al. (2013)25 | Prospective/multicenter | Netherland | 46 | PC, BDC, GC, MD, DC, GBC | The Evolution enteral stents | 89 | 72 | NA | 9.6 | 4 | 26 | NA | 6 | 12.4 (5–33.9) | |
Jung et al. (2016)26 | Retrospective/single center | Korea | 220 | PC, GC, BDC, GBC, DC, MD | Fully C-SEMSs, partially C-SEMSsc) | Variablec) | 96.8 | 86.4 | NA | NA | 37.5/9.1/5.8d) | 12.5/22.1/26.7d) | NA | 0/0.5/0d) | 17.7 (8–32) |
Hori et al. (2017)27 | Retrospective/multicenter | Japan | 252 | PC, GC, BDC, GBC | Ultraflex stent, Niti-S ComVi stent | WallFlex duodenal stent, Niti-S pyloric stent | 99.2/100 | 82.5/88.1 | NA | 12.3/9 | 4.8/0.8 | 9.5/11.9 | NA | 7.9/3.2 | 12.4/9 |
Values are presented as median (range) or mean±standard deviation unless otherwise indicated.
C-SEMS, covered self-expanding metal stent; U-SEMS, uncovered self-expanding metal stent; RCT, randomized controlled trial; NA, not available; GC, gastric cancer; PC, pancreatic cancer; BDC, bile duct cancer; DC, duodenal cancer; AC, ampullary cancer; GBC, gallbladder cancer; MD, metastatic disease; GyC, gynecological cancer; UC, urological cancer; HC, hematological cancer.
a)Former numbers indicate values of C-SEMS and later ones do those of U-SEMS.
b)Major complication is defined as adverse events caused by SEMS placement requiring additional interventions or hospitalization.
c)Niti-S stents (Taewoong Medical), Bona stents (Standard Sci-Tech), Hanaro stents (M.I. Tech Co. Ltd.), Boston stents (Boston Scientific), and S&G stents (S&G Biotech Inc.) were used.
d)The numbers separated by “/” indicate the value in order of fully covered SEMS, partially C-SEMS, and U-SEMS.
Study | Design/centers | Country | No. of patients finally analyzed | Type of malignancy | C-SEMS | U-SEMS | Technical success (%) |
Clinical success (%) |
8-wk patency (%) |
Stent patency (wk) | Stent migration during follow-up (%) |
Restenosis during follow-up (ingrowth,overgrowth, stent compression) (%) |
Reintervention during follow-up (%) |
Major complications (%) |
Follow-up (wk) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kim et al. (2010)16 | RCT/single center | Korea | 80 | GC | Niti-S pyloric or Niti-S ComVi pyloric stent (double layered) | Enteral Wallstent or Enteral WallFlex | 100/100 | 95/90 | 61.3/61.1 | NA | 32.3/8.3 | 3.2/44.4 | NA | 2/0 | 14.5 (1–117)/14 (1–114) |
Maetani et al. (2014)17 | RCT/multicenter | Japan | 62 | GC, PC, BDC | Niti-S ComVi stent (triple layered) | Niti-S stent | 100/100 | 87.1/93.5 | NA | NA | 6.5/3.3 | 0/19.4 | 3.3/19.4 | 3.2/3.2 | 10.4/13.3 |
Lim et al. (2014)15 | RCT/multicenter | Korea | 120 | GC, PC, DC, AC, BDC, GBC | Niti-S ComVi pyloric stent (double layered) | Niti-S pyloric/duodenal D-type stent | 100/100 | 100/98.4 | NA | 13.6 (8–19)/13.1 (8.9–17.3) | 13.6/0 | 6.8/21.3 | 22.0/21.3 | 0/0 | 14.0 (8–26)/14.0 (7–22) |
Lee et al. (2015)18 | RCT/multicenter | Korea | 102 | GC | WAVE SEMS with an anti-migration design (Bona stents) | U-SEMS (Bona stents) | 98.0/96.1 | 94.1/86.2 | 72.5/62.7 | NA | 9.5/5.4 | 7.1/37.8 | 23.5/39.2 | 0/0 | 21.3 (±10)/20.1 (±9.5) |
van Hooft et al. (2007)19 | Retrospective/multicenter | Netherlands, Italy, Germany | 62 | PC, GC, MD, BDC, GBC, AC, DC | WallFlex duodenal stent | 97 | 85 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | NA | 8 | 4.3 | |
van Hooft et al. (2009)20 | Prospective/multicenter | Netherlands | 51 | PC, BDC, GBC, GC, DC, AC, MD | WallFlex duodenal stent | 98 | 84 | NA | 43.8 | 2 | 12 | 14 | 10 | 8.9 | |
Havemann et al. (2009)21 | Prospective/single center | Denmark | 45 | PC, GC, GyC, UC, HC, MD | Hanaro stents | 91 | 63 | NA | NA | 7 | 14 | 14 | 4 | 17.3 (9–25.9) | |
Kim et al. (2011)22 | Prospective/multicenter | Korea | 50 | GC, PC, BDC, GBC | Niti-S Comvi pyloric stent | 100 | 88 | NA | 13.1±8.0 | 10 | 18 | 28 | 0 | 15.7 (±9) | |
Isayama et al. (2012)23 | Prospective/multicenter | Japan | 50 | PC, GC, BDC, MD | Niti-S M-ComVi stent (triple layered) | 100 | 90 | NA | 21.4±1.3 | 6 | 10 | NA | 4 | 20 (±2.8) | |
Sasaki et al. (2013)24 | Retrospective/multicenter | Japan | 42 | PC, GC, BDC, DC | WallFlex duodenal stent | 100 | 83.3 | NA | 16.0 (3–18) | 0 | 23.8 | 26.2 | 2.4 | 3.3 (1.8–6) | |
van den Berg et al. (2013)25 | Prospective/multicenter | Netherland | 46 | PC, BDC, GC, MD, DC, GBC | The Evolution enteral stents | 89 | 72 | NA | 9.6 | 4 | 26 | NA | 6 | 12.4 (5–33.9) | |
Jung et al. (2016)26 | Retrospective/single center | Korea | 220 | PC, GC, BDC, GBC, DC, MD | Fully C-SEMSs, partially C-SEMSs |
Variable |
96.8 | 86.4 | NA | NA | 37.5/9.1/5.8 |
12.5/22.1/26.7 |
NA | 0/0.5/0 |
17.7 (8–32) |
Hori et al. (2017)27 | Retrospective/multicenter | Japan | 252 | PC, GC, BDC, GBC | Ultraflex stent, Niti-S ComVi stent | WallFlex duodenal stent, Niti-S pyloric stent | 99.2/100 | 82.5/88.1 | NA | 12.3/9 | 4.8/0.8 | 9.5/11.9 | NA | 7.9/3.2 | 12.4/9 |
Values are presented as median (range) or mean±standard deviation unless otherwise indicated. C-SEMS, covered self-expanding metal stent; U-SEMS, uncovered self-expanding metal stent; RCT, randomized controlled trial; NA, not available; GC, gastric cancer; PC, pancreatic cancer; BDC, bile duct cancer; DC, duodenal cancer; AC, ampullary cancer; GBC, gallbladder cancer; MD, metastatic disease; GyC, gynecological cancer; UC, urological cancer; HC, hematological cancer. Former numbers indicate values of C-SEMS and later ones do those of U-SEMS. Major complication is defined as adverse events caused by SEMS placement requiring additional interventions or hospitalization. Niti-S stents (Taewoong Medical), Bona stents (Standard Sci-Tech), Hanaro stents (M.I. Tech Co. Ltd.), Boston stents (Boston Scientific), and S&G stents (S&G Biotech Inc.) were used. The numbers separated by “/” indicate the value in order of fully covered SEMS, partially C-SEMS, and U-SEMS.