Clinical Endoscopy

Endoscopic Resection for Rectal Carcinoid Tumors: Comparision of Polypectomy and Endoscopic Submucosal Resection with Band Ligation: Sang Heon Lee, Seun Ja Park, Hyung Hun Kim, Kyung Sun Ok, Ji Hyun Kim, Sam Ryong Jee, Sang Young Seol, Bo Mi Kim; Clin Endosc 2012;45(1):89-94. Published online March 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2012.45.1.89; Retraction in: Clin Endosc 2015;48(1):87

Three Cases of Endoscopic Mucosal Resection of Rectal Carcinoid Tumor by Band Ligation and the Snare Resection Technique: Young Hwa Jo, M.D., Ji Hun Roh, M.D., Dong Young Goo, M.D., Jae Hoon Yoo, M.D., Ki Soo Kim, M.D., Young Min Shin, M.D., Sung Hoon Kim, M.D. and Ji Eun Park, M.D.; Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;41(1):45-51. Published online July 31, 2010

Abstract PDF: Many reports have shown that endoscopic polypectomy or endoscopic mucosal resection can successfully remove tumor less than 1.0 cm in size. However, most carcinoid tumors in the rectum occur in the submucosal layer so that the entire tumor cannot be completely removed via endoscopic polypectomy or endoscopic mucosal resection. Endoscopic mucosal resection can also cause perforation of the intestinal wall and bleeding. Due to these reasons, instead of these two conventional methods, endoscopic mucosal resection using a ligation device is currently being used for the treatment of rectal carcinoid tumor. Recent studies that used this method have reported that endoscopic mucosal resection of rectal carcinoid tumor by band ligation and the snare resection technique is safe with minimal complications and this is quite useful to completely remove rectal carcinoid tumor. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;41:45-51)

A Small Rectal Carcinoid Tumor with Multiple Liver Metastases: Du San Baik, M.D., Joon Hyuk Lee, M.D., Soon Il Lee, M.D., Jeong Eun Shin, M.D., Sang Won Park, M.D. and Won Ae Lee, M.D.*; Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2007;34(4):233-238. Published online April 30, 2007

Abstract PDF: Rectal carcinoid tumors are relatively uncommon and make up 1∼2% of tumors found in the rectum. Approximately 50% of the tumors are asymptomatic and are found incidentally. In most cases, the tumors are slowly growing in nature and thus have a favorable outcome. Anywhere from 66 to 80% of rectal carcinoid tumors are smaller than 1 cm and rarely metastasis. However, malignant behavior, such as invasion to the muscle wall, and metastasis to a distant organ, may be seen infrequently with tumors greater than 2 cm in size. The liver is the most common site of a metastasis. We experienced a case of a 1 cm sized small rectal carcinoid tumor with multiple liver metastases. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2007;34:233⁣238)

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