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Original Article
Efficacy of a novel channel-cleaning ball brush for endoscope reprocessing: a randomized controlled trial
Kwang Hyun Chung, Jeong Don Chae, Wonho Choe, Hyo Young Lee, Il Hwan Oh, Byoung Kwan Son
Clin Endosc 2022;55(5):674-682.   Published online August 2, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2021.210
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Background
/Aims: Endoscopic channels are difficult to clean and can cause infection transmission. We examined the effectiveness of a newly developed channel-cleaning ball brush (BB), which is sucked into the endoscopic channel and scrapes and cleans the lumen as it passes through.
Methods
The upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopes used for patient examinations were randomly selected as the conventional brush (CB) or BB group. After manual cleaning, the presence or absence of carbohydrates, proteins, adenosine triphosphate, and hemoglobin was assessed.
Results
Fifty-six and 58 endoscopes were cleaned with the CB and BB, respectively. Carbohydrate and protein were detected in one (1.8%) and two endoscopes (3.4%) in the CB and BB groups, respectively (p=1.000). Hemoglobin was observed in one (1.8%) and three endoscopes (5.2%) in the CB and BB groups, respectively (p=0.636). The adenosine triphosphate levels were 10.6±15.9 and 12.5±14.3 relative light units in the CB and BB groups, respectively (p=0.496). Twenty-seven (48.2%) and 19 (32.8%) endoscopes were positive for microbial cultures in the CB and BB groups, respectively (p=0.136).
Conclusions
The efficacy of BB was not significantly different from that of CB in the endoscopic channel-cleaning process.
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Special Review: Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy “Accreditation of Qualified Endoscopy Unit” Guideline: Update 2019
Updates on the Disinfection and Infection Control Process of the Accredited Endoscopy Unit
Jeong Eun Shin, Yunho Jung, Jeong Hoon Lee, Byoung Kwan Son, Jae-Young Jang, Hyung-Keun Kim, Byung Ik Jang, The Quality Management Committee and the Disinfection Management Committee of Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Clin Endosc 2019;52(5):443-450.   Published online September 30, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2019.173
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
A thorough disinfection and infection control process associated with gastrointestinal endoscopy is highly important for the health and safety of the examinee and the medical staff involved in the procedure. Endoscopic reprocessing and disinfection are two of the most important steps in quality control of endoscopy. In 2019, the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy updated the Accreditation of Qualified Endoscopy Unit assessment items for these quality indicators. Assessment of disinfection and infection control comprises 28 mandatory items in the categories of disinfection education, pre-cleaning, cleaning, disinfection, rinsing, drying, reprocessing, storage, endoscopic accessories, water bottle and connectors, space/facilities, personal protective equipment, disinfection ledger, and regulations regarding infection control and disinfection.
The updated Accreditation of Qualified Endoscopy Unit assessment items are useful for improving the quality of endoscopy by ensuring thorough inspection of endoscopic disinfection and infection control.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Analysis of sterilization efficiency and application cost of three low temperature sterilization methods
    Hui Chen, Jiawei Liu, Aiying Zeng, Nian Qin
    Review of Scientific Instruments.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Infection control in the bronchoscopy suite: effective reprocessing and disinfection of reusable bronchoscopes
    Mamta S. Chhabria, Fabien Maldonado, Atul C. Mehta
    Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine.2023; 29(1): 21.     CrossRef
  • Endoscopy in surgery
    María Rita Rodríguez-Luna, Silvana Perretta
    Frontiers in Gastroenterology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Safety of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Korea: A Nationwide Survey and Population-Based Study
    Yunho Jung, Jung-Wook Kim, Jong Pil Im, Yu Kyung Cho, Tae Hee Lee, Jae-Young Jang
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A nationwide survey on the effectiveness of training on endoscope reprocessing within the national cancer screening program in Korea
    Hye Young Shin, Da Hun Jang, Jae Kwan Jun
    American Journal of Infection Control.2021; 49(8): 1031.     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness Between Daily and After-Each-Case Room Disinfection of the Endoscopy Unit
    Bo Jin, Yue Hu, Liang Huang, Xiaoyun Cheng, Jin Zhao, Xuejing Yang, Xiling Sun, Tieer Gan, Bin Lu
    Frontiers in Public Health.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Sans Standardization: Effective Endoscope Reprocessing
    Sameer K. Avasarala, Lawrence F. Muscarella, Atul C. Mehta
    Respiration.2021; 100(12): 1208.     CrossRef
  • Sharing Our Experience of Operating an Endoscopy Unit in the Midst of a COVID-19 Outbreak
    Jimin Han, Eun Young Kim
    Clinical Endoscopy.2020; 53(2): 243.     CrossRef
  • 4,582 View
  • 149 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • 8 Crossref
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Review
Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Guidelines for Endoscope Reprocessing
Byoung Kwan Son, Byung-Wook Kim, Won Hee Kim, Dae-Sung Myung, Young-Seok Cho, Byung Ik Jang, The Disinfection Management and Conscious Sedation Committee of Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Clin Endosc 2017;50(2):143-147.   Published online March 17, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2017.029
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
The Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (KSGE) issued guidelines for endoscope reprocessing for the first time in 1995, and the version of the guidelines was updated in August 2009, August 2012, and March 2015. Guidelines for endoscope reprocessing should be revised continuously, because new disinfectants and devices are developed and introduced. The current official version of the KSGE guidelines for endoscope reprocessing is explained herein to assist the reader in understanding the KSGE requirements for cleaning and disinfecting endoscopes.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Comparison of channel sampling methods and brush heads in surveillance culture of endoscope reprocessing: A propensity score matching and paired study
    Xue-Yue Ji, Pei-Yong Ning, Chun-Nan Fei, Jia Song, Xue-Mei Dou, Nan-Nan Zhang, Jun Liu, He Liu
    Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology.2022; 28(1): 46.     CrossRef
  • Altered Gastric Microbiota and Inflammatory Cytokine Responses in Patients with Helicobacter pylori-Negative Gastric Cancer
    Han-Na Kim, Min-Jeong Kim, Jonathan P. Jacobs, Hyo-Joon Yang
    Nutrients.2022; 14(23): 4981.     CrossRef
  • Efficacy of a novel channel-cleaning ball brush for endoscope reprocessing: a randomized controlled trial
    Kwang Hyun Chung, Jeong Don Chae, Wonho Choe, Hyo Young Lee, Il Hwan Oh, Byoung Kwan Son
    Clinical Endoscopy.2022; 55(5): 674.     CrossRef
  • Guidelines for accreditation of endoscopy units: quality measures from the Korean Society of Coloproctology
    Rumi Shin, Seongdae Lee, Kyung-Su Han, Dae Kyung Sohn, Sang Hui Moon, Dong Hyun Choi, Bong-Hyeon Kye, Hae-Jung Son, Sun Il Lee, Sumin Si, Won-Kyung Kang
    Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2021; 100(3): 154.     CrossRef
  • Guidelines for Cancer Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Korea
    Jii Bum Lee, Minkyu Jung, June Hyuk Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Yeol Kim, Young Seok Kim, Byung Chang Kim, Jin Kim, Sung Ho Moon, Keon-Uk Park, Meerim Park, Hyeon Jin Park, Sung Hoon Sim, Hong Man Yoon, Soo Jung Lee, Eunyoung Lee, June Young Chun, Youn Kyung Chung,
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2021; 53(2): 323.     CrossRef
  • The Effectiveness of Drying on Residual Droplets, Microorganisms, and Biofilms in Gastrointestinal Endoscope Reprocessing: A Systematic Review
    Hefeng Tian, Jiao Sun, Shaoning Guo, Xuanrui Zhu, Han Feng, Yijin Zhuang, Xiu Wang, Konstantinos Triantafyllou
    Gastroenterology Research and Practice.2021; 2021: 1.     CrossRef
  • Does the Reprocessing of Endoscopes Have to Take Place Immediately after Pre-Cleaning? A First Evaluation
    Vanessa M Eichel, Jonas M Jabs, Samy Unser, Nico T Mutters, Martin Scherrer
    Clinical Endoscopy.2021; 54(4): 526.     CrossRef
  • Ambient air pollution in gastrointestinal endoscopy unit
    Chang Seok Bang, Keunwook Lee, Young Joo Yang, Gwang Ho Baik
    Surgical Endoscopy.2020; 34(9): 3795.     CrossRef
  • Updates on the Disinfection and Infection Control Process of the Accredited Endoscopy Unit
    Jeong Eun Shin, Yunho Jung, Jeong Hoon Lee, Byoung Kwan Son, Jae-Young Jang, Hyung-Keun Kim, Byung Ik Jang
    Clinical Endoscopy.2019; 52(5): 443.     CrossRef
  • Ambient air pollution in gastrointestinal endoscopy unit; rationale and design of a prospective study
    Chang Seok Bang, Keunwook Lee, Jae Ho Choi, Jae Seung Soh, Ji Young Hong, Gwang Ho Baik, Dong Joon Kim
    Medicine.2018; 97(49): e13600.     CrossRef
  • 9,250 View
  • 310 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • 10 Crossref
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Focused Review Series: Endoscopic Disinfection in the Era of MERS
Current Issues in Duodenoscope-Associated Infections: Now Is the Time to Take Action
Junghoon Ha, Byoung Kwan Son
Clin Endosc 2015;48(5):361-363.   Published online September 30, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2015.48.5.361
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

A duodenoscope has a very complex structure that contains many small parts which make reprocessing more challenging. The difficulty in cleaning duodenoscopes contributes to a higher risk of infection than that of conventional gastrointestinal endoscopes. However, a duodenoscope shares similar disinfection process with other gastrointestinal endoscopes. Recent outbreaks of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections associated with duodenoscopes used for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedures have raised many concerns worldwide. Duodenoscope-associated infections involving CRE or other multidrug-resistant bacteria pose a great threat to patients undergoing procedures using duodenoscopes and should be dealt with a great concern. Updated guidelines regarding cleaning and disinfection of duodenoscope needs to be developed urgently to prevent transmission of infection and ensure patient safety. Meanwhile, healthcare staff should pay special attention to thorough cleaning and disinfection of duodenoscopes.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • ERCP with single-use disposable duodenoscopes in four different set-ups
    Ronja Lagström, Svend Knuhtsen, Trine Stigaard, Mustafa Bulut
    BMJ Case Reports.2023; 16(2): e251514.     CrossRef
  • Disposable duodenoscopes. Is healthcare system affordability the main hindrance?
    Enrique Vázquez-Sequeiros, Juan Ángel González Martín, Agustín Albillos Martínez
    Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Storage of gastrointestinal endoscopes: when is the safe time for re-use?
    Naiara Bussolotti Garcia, Adriana Cristina de Oliveira
    Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Single Use (Disposable) Duodenoscope: Recent Development and Future
    Kihyun Ryu, Sunguk Jang
    Clinical Endoscopy.2022; 55(2): 191.     CrossRef
  • Duodenoscope-related infections: patient-ready versus single-use duodenoscopes. Is a new era for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography on the horizon?
    Damiano BISOGNI, Roberto MANETTI, Luca TALAMUCCI, Michele ROSSI, Fabio STADERINI, Maurizio MORONI, Fabio CIANCHI
    Minerva Surgery.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Results of duodenoscope culture and quarantine after manufacturer-recommended cleaning process
    Jacob A. Mark, Karin Underberg, Robert E. Kramer
    Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2020; 91(6): 1328.     CrossRef
  • Elevating the standard of endoscope processing: Terminal sterilization of duodenoscopes using a hydrogen peroxide–ozone sterilizer
    Vanessa Molloy-Simard, Jean-Luc Lemyre, Karine Martel, Bradley J. Catalone
    American Journal of Infection Control.2019; 47(3): 243.     CrossRef
  • Getting to zero: Enhanced reprocessing and future directions
    M. Phillip Fejleh, Jennifer Phan, Neil B. Marya, Stephen Kim, Zachary A. Rubin, V. Raman Muthusamy
    Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2019; 21(4): 150626.     CrossRef
  • Duodenoscope-Associated Infections: A Literature Review and Update
    Il Hwan Oh, Byoung Kwan Son
    The Korean Journal of Pancreas and Biliary Tract.2018; 23(4): 145.     CrossRef
  • 5,276 View
  • 110 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • 9 Crossref
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Case Reports
A Case Report of Primary Duodenal Tuberculosis Mimicking a Malignant Tumor
Ji Hye Jung, Seong Hwan Kim, Min Jeong Kim, Young Kwan Cho, Sang Bong Ahn, Byoung Kwan Son, Yun Ju Jo, Young Sook Park
Clin Endosc 2014;47(4):346-349.   Published online July 28, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2014.47.4.346
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

Tuberculosis remains a serious infectious disease with primary features of pulmonary manifestation in Korea. However, duodenal tuberculosis is rare in gastrointestinal cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Here, we report a case of primary duodenal tuberculosis mistaken as a malignant tumor and diagnosed with QuantiFERON-TB GOLD (Cellestis Ltd.) in an immunocompetent male patient.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Rare case of duodenal tuberculosis causing gastric outlet obstruction, a case report
    Yohannis Derbew Molla, Samrawit Andargie Kassa, Amanuel Kassa Tadesse
    International Journal of Surgery Case Reports.2023; 105: 108080.     CrossRef
  • Primary Extraskeletal Ewing Sarcoma of the Duodenum Revealed by 18F-FDG PET/CT
    Hao Liu, Yan Deng, Nan Liu, Jing Huang, Wei Zhang
    Clinical Nuclear Medicine.2023; 48(8): e398.     CrossRef
  • Infections in the gastrointestinal tract that can mimic malignancy
    David W. Dodington, Klaudia M. Nowak, Runjan Chetty
    Diagnostic Histopathology.2022; 28(10): 435.     CrossRef
  • Disseminated tuberculosis mimicking abdominal metastatic carcinoma
    Qi Zhou, MiaoXin Zhang
    Medicine.2021; 100(47): e27886.     CrossRef
  • Primary duodenal tuberculosis misdiagnosed as tumor by imaging examination: A case report
    Yang Zhang, Xiao-Jun Shi, Xian-Cui Zhang, Xing-Jie Zhao, Jun-Xiang Li, Lin-Heng Wang, Chun-E Xie, Yu-Yue Liu, Yun-Liang Wang
    World Journal of Clinical Cases.2020; 8(24): 6537.     CrossRef
  • The role of dual time point PET/CT for distinguishing malignant from benign focal 18F-FDG uptake duodenal lesions
    Ri Sa, Hong-Guang Zhao, Yu-Yin Dai, Feng Guan
    Medicine.2018; 97(38): e12521.     CrossRef
  • Lymph node tuberculosis mimicking malignancy on 18F-FDG PET/CT in two patients: A case report
    Rui-Lin Ding, Hong-Ying Cao, Yue Hu, Chang-Ling Shang, Fang Xie, Zhen-Hua Zhang, Qing-Lian Wen
    Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine.2017; 13(6): 3369.     CrossRef
  • 5,881 View
  • 54 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • 7 Crossref
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Gastric Outlet Obstruction Due to Gastric Amyloidosis Mimicking Malignancy in a Patient with Ankylosing Spondylitis
Choon Sik Seon, Young Sook Park, Yu Min Jung, Jeong Ho Choi, Byoung Kwan Son, Sang Bong Ahn, Seong Hwan Kim, Yun Ju Jo
Clin Endosc 2013;46(6):651-655.   Published online November 19, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2013.46.6.651
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

Amyloidosis is a group of disorders characterized by the extracellular accumulation of insoluble, fibrillar proteins in various organs and tissues. It is classified, on the basis of the identity of the precursor protein, as primary, secondary, or familial amyloidosis. Gastrointestinal amyloidosis usually presents as bleeding, ulceration, malabsorption, protein loss, and diarrhea. However, gastric amyloidosis with gastric outlet obstruction mimicking linitis plastica is rare. We report a case of gastrointestinal amyloidosis with gastric outlet obstruction in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis. The patient was indicated for subtotal gastrectomy because of the aggravation of obstructive symptoms, but refused the operation and was transferred to another hospital. Three months later, the patient died of aspiration pneumonia during medical treatment.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Gastric linitis plastica due to signet-ring cell carcinoma with Krukenberg tumors diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration
    Takeshi Okamoto, Hidekazu Suzuki, Katsuyuki Fukuda
    Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology.2021; 14(4): 994.     CrossRef
  • Systemic amyloidosis with gastrointestinal involvement: Diagnosis from endoscopic and histological views
    Tomoya Iida, Hiroo Yamano, Hiroshi Nakase
    Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2018; 33(3): 583.     CrossRef
  • Amyloidosis of the gastrointestinal tract and the liver: clinical context, diagnosis and management
    Umer Syed, Rafael A. Ching Companioni, Hassan Alkhawam, Aron Walfish
    European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2016; 28(10): 1109.     CrossRef
  • TNF-α Inhibitor Treatment in an Ankylosing Spondylitis Patient with Secondary Amyloidosis that Manifest with Diarrhea: A Case Report
    Jae Hyun Lee, Jinyoung Moon, Hyun Woo Lee, Sung Hae Chang, Eun Bong Lee, Yeong Wook Song, Eun Young Lee
    The Korean Journal of Medicine.2015; 89(2): 259.     CrossRef
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  • 39 Download
  • 4 Crossref
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Review
A Case of Oral-contraceptive Related Ischemic Colitis in Young Woman
Choon Sik Seon, Young Sook Park, Se Hwan Park, Sang Ryol Ryu, Yun Ju Jo, Seong Hwan Kim, Byoung Kwan Son, Sang Bong Ahn
Clin Endosc 2011;44(2):129-132.   Published online December 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2011.44.2.129
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

Ischemic colitis is generally considered a disease of the elderly. The causes of ischemic colitis include low-flow states due to cardiac dysfunction or hypovolemia and certain medications including estrogen. Here we report a case of ischemic colitis in a 26-year-old woman. She had no specific medical history except taking oral-contraceptives for a long time. The mechanism of estrogen-induced ischemic colitis is not clearly understood. But we recommend that oral-contraceptives should be considered as a cause of ischemic colitis in young women.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Drug-Induced Colitis
    Shadi Hamdeh, Dejan Micic, Stephen Hanauer
    Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2021; 19(9): 1759.     CrossRef
  • Ischaemic colitis diagnosed by sigmoidoscopy during pregnancy
    Tsubasa Ito, Kazuki Takasaki, Minori Takada, Akira Tomioka
    BMJ Case Reports.2021; 14(5): e239975.     CrossRef
  • Review article: the pharmacological causes of colon ischaemia
    Ziga Vodusek, Paul Feuerstadt, Lawrence J. Brandt
    Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2019; 49(1): 51.     CrossRef
  • Injectable Vaginal Hydrogels as a Multi-Drug Carrier for Contraception
    Nie, Zou, Dong, Sun, Ding, Han, Ji, Zhou, Yuan, Suo
    Applied Sciences.2019; 9(8): 1638.     CrossRef
  • Colonic Ischemia After Vaginal Delivery
    Brian Kim, Hesham Tayel, Kimberly Jegel Chaput
    ACG Case Reports Journal.2019; 6(10): e00227.     CrossRef
  • Ischemic enterocolitis and its differential diagnosis
    Georgina Uberti, John R. Goldblum, Daniela S. Allende
    Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology.2014; 31(2): 152.     CrossRef
  • Oxygen in the regulation of intestinal epithelial transport
    Joseph B. J. Ward, Simon J. Keely, Stephen J. Keely
    The Journal of Physiology.2014; 592(12): 2473.     CrossRef
  • Recurrent ischemic colitis associated with oral contraceptive therapy
    Palaniappan Manickam, Maryconi Jaurigue, Mihaela Batke, Mitchell S. Cappell
    Journal of Digestive Diseases.2014; 15(6): 331.     CrossRef
  • 6,509 View
  • 63 Download
  • 8 Web of Science
  • 8 Crossref
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