Clinical Endoscopy

Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Cryotherapy versus radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of dysplastic Barrett’s esophagus with or without early esophageal neoplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis: Igor Logetto Caetité Gomes, Diogo Turiani Hourneaux de Moura, Igor Braga Ribeiro, Sérgio Barbosa Marques, Alexandre de Sousa Carlos, Beanie Conceição Medeiros Nunes, Bruno Salomão Hirsch, Guilherme Henrique Peixoto de Oliveira, Roberto Paolo Trasolini, Wanderley Marques Bernardo, Eduardo Guimarães Hourneaux de Moura; Clin Endosc 2024;57(2):181-190. Published online January 17, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.065

Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Background
/Aims: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is the first-line therapy for dysplastic Barrett’s esophagus (BE). Therefore, cryotherapy has emerged as an alternative treatment option. This study aimed to compare the efficacies of these two techniques based on the rates of complete eradication of intestinal metaplasia (CE-IM) and dysplasia (CE-D). Adverse events and recurrence have also been reported.
Methods
An electronic search was conducted using the Medline (PubMed), Embase, LILACS, and Google Scholar databases until December 2022. Studies were included comparing cryotherapy and RFA for treating dysplastic BE with or without early esophageal neoplasia. This study was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.
Results
Three retrospective cohort studies involving 627 patients were included. Of these, 399 patients underwent RFA, and 228 were treated with cryotherapy. There was no difference in CE-IM (risk difference [RD], –0.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], –0.25 to 0.19; p=0.78; I2=86%) as well as in CE-D (RD, –0.03; 95% CI, –0.15 to 0.09; p=0.64; I2=70%) between the groups. The absolute number of adverse events was low, and there was no difference in the recurrence rate.
Conclusions
Cryotherapy and RFA were equally effective in treating dysplastic BE, with or without early esophageal neoplasia.

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Systematic Review and Meta-Analysises

Stent versus Balloon Dilation for the Treatment of Dominant Strictures in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Marina Tucci Gammaro Baldavira Ferreira, Igor Braga Ribeiro, Diogo Turiani Hourneaux de Moura, Thomas R. McCarty, Alberto Machado da Ponte Neto, Galileu Ferreira Ayala Farias, Antônio Afonso de Miranda Neto, Pedro Victor Aniz Gomes de Oliveira, Wanderley Marques Bernardo, Eduardo Guimarães Hourneaux de Moura; Clin Endosc 2021;54(6):833-842. Published online July 1, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2021.052

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background
/Aims: The endoscopic management of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)-associated dominant strictures remains challenging. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare balloon dilation and stent placement in the treatment of dominant strictures among PSC patients.
Methods
Literature searches on MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL and Lilacs/Bireme were performed for studies published until December 2020. Measured outcomes included clinical efficacy, stricture recurrence, cumulative recurrencefree rate, transplant rate, 5-year survival rate, and adverse events (i.e., pancreatitis, cholangitis, bleeding, perforation and death).
Results
A total of 5 studies (n=467) were included. Based on pooled analyses, there were no differences in clinical efficacy (risk difference [RD], -0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.58 to 0.33; I²=93%) or transplant rates (RD, -0.09; 95% CI, -0.19 to 0.01; I²=0%); however, the risk of occurrence of adverse events was lower with balloon dilatation than with stent placement (RD,-0.34; 95% CI, -0.45 to -0.23; I²=61%). Among the types of adverse events reported, only the rates of cholangitis/bacteremia were significantly lower in balloon dilation patients (RD, -0.19; 95% CI, -0.25 to -0.13; I²=51%).
Conclusions
Compared to balloon dilation, stent placement for dominant strictures in PSC appeared to have higher complication rates without significant differences in efficacy.

Citations

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Treatment of Non-Anastomotic Biliary Strictures after Liver Transplantation: How Effective Is Our Current Treatment Strategy?
Florian A. Michael, Mireen Friedrich-Rust, Hans-Peter Erasmus, Christiana Graf, Olivier Ballo, Mate Knabe, Dirk Walter, Christoph D. Steup, Marcus M. Mücke, Victoria T. Mücke, Kai H. Peiffer, Esra Görgülü, Antonia Mondorf, Wolf O. Bechstein, Natalie Filma
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Treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis combined with inflammatory bowel disease
You Sun Kim, Edward H. Hurley, Yoojeong Park, Sungjin Ko
Intestinal Research.2023; 21(4): 420. CrossRef
Liver Transplantation for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) With or Without Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)—A European Society of Organ Transplantation (ESOT) Consensus Statement
M. Carbone, A. Della Penna, C. Mazzarelli, E. De Martin, C. Villard, A. Bergquist, P. D. Line, J. M. Neuberger, S. Al-Shakhshir, P. J. Trivedi, U. Baumann, L. Cristoferi, J. Hov, B. Fischler, N. H. Hadzic, D. Debray, L. D’Antiga, N. Selzner, L. S. Belli,
Transplant International.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Primary Biliary Cholangitis and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Current Knowledge of Pathogenesis and Therapeutics
Ji-Won Park, Jung-Hee Kim, Sung-Eun Kim, Jang Han Jung, Myoung-Kuk Jang, Sang-Hoon Park, Myung-Seok Lee, Hyoung-Su Kim, Ki Tae Suk, Dong Joon Kim
Biomedicines.2022; 10(6): 1288. CrossRef
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Jesús García-Cano, Eva de la Santa Belda, Francisco Domper
Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Endoscopic stenting of dominant strictures in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: When, how, and for how long?
Il Sang Shin, Jong Ho Moon
Endoscopy International Open.2022; 10(09): E1169. CrossRef

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Endoscopic Band Ligation Versus Argon Plasma Coagulation in the Treatment of Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials: Bruno Salomão Hirsch, Igor Braga Ribeiro, Mateus Pereira Funari, Diogo Turiani Hourneaux de Moura, Sergio Eiji Matuguma, Sergio A. Sánchez-Luna, Fabio Catache Mancini, Guilherme Henrique Peixoto de Oliveira, Wanderley Marques Bernardo, Eduardo Guimarães Hourneaux de Moura; Clin Endosc 2021;54(5):669-677. Published online May 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2021.063

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background
/Aims: Argon plasma coagulation (APC) is the most commonly used endoscopic treatment for gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE). Endoscopic band ligation (EBL) has emerged as an alternative therapy. Our goal was to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of APC and EBL for the treatment of GAVE. This is the first systematic review that included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on this topic.
Methods
A comprehensive search was performed using electronic databases to identify RCTs comparing APC and EBL for the treatment of GAVE following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines.
Results
Four RCTs were included, with a total of 204 patients. EBL was related to higher endoscopic eradication rates risk difference [RD], 0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.14, 0.44]; I²=0%) and less bleeding recurrence than APC (RD, 0.29; 95% CI [0.15, 0.44]; I²=0%). Patients treated with EBL required fewer blood transfusions (mean difference [MD], 1.49; 95% CI [0.28, 2.71]; I²=96%) and hospitalizations (MD, 0.29; 95% CI [0.19, 0.39]; I²=0%). The number of sessions required for the obliteration of lesions was higher with APC. There was no difference in the incidence of adverse events.
Conclusions
EBL is superior to APC in the treatment of GAVE in terms of endoscopic eradication rates, recurrence of bleeding, and transfusion requirements.

Citations

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Ali Khalifa, Don C. Rockey
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Ali A Alali, Alan N Barkun
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Endoscopic band ligation in the treatment of gastric antral vascular ectasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Babu P. Mohan, Gregory Toy, Lena L. Kassab, Suresh Ponnada, Saurabh Chandan, Sheeva Parbhu, Shaun Chandna, Douglas G. Adler
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2021; 94(6): 1021. CrossRef

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Original Article

Insufflation of Carbon Dioxide versus Air During Colonoscopy Among Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials: John Alexander Lata Guacho, Diogo Turiani Hourneaux de Moura, Igor Braga Ribeiro, Bruna Furia Buzetti Hourneaux de Moura, Megui Marilia Mansilla Gallegos, Thomas McCarty, Ricardo Katsuya Toma, Eduardo Guimarães Hourneaux de Moura; Clin Endosc 2021;54(2):242-249. Published online March 25, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2020.275

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background
/Aims: Carbon dioxide is increasingly used in insufflation during colonoscopy in adult patients; however, air insufflation remains the primary practice among pediatric gastroenterologists. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate insufflation using CO₂ versus air in colonoscopies in pediatric patients.
Methods
Individualized search strategies were performed using MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and LILACS databases following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and Cochrane working methodology. Randomized control trials (RCTs) were selected for the present meta-analysis. Pooled proportions were calculated for outcomes including procedure time and abdominal pain immediately and 24 hours post-procedure.
Results
The initial search yielded 644 records, of which five RCTs with a total of 358 patients (CO₂: n=178 versus air: n=180) were included in the final analysis. The procedure time was not different between the CO₂ and air insufflation groups (mean difference, 10.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.55 to 24.22; p=0.11). Abdominal pain immediately post-procedure was significantly lower in the CO₂ group (risk difference, -0.15; 95% CI; -0.26 to -0.03; p=0.01) while abdominal pain at 24 hours post-procedure was similar (risk difference, -0.05; 95% CI; -0.11 to 0.01; p=0.11).
Conclusions
Based on this systematic review and meta-analysis of RCT data, CO₂ insufflation reduced abdominal pain immediately following the procedure, while pain was similar at 24 hours post-procedure. These results suggest that CO₂ is a preferred insufflation technique when performing colonoscopy in pediatric patients.

Citations

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Elevations in End-Tidal CO2 With CO2 Use During Pediatric Endoscopy With Airway Protection: Is This Physiologically Significant?
Chinenye R. Dike, Andrew Huang Pacheco, Elizabeth Lyden, David Freestone, Ojasvini Choudhry, Warren P. Bishop, Mohanad Shukry
Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition.2023; 76(5): 660. CrossRef

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Case Report

Rare and Fatal Gastrointestinal Mucormycosis (Zygomycosis) in a COVID-19 Patient: A Case Report: Epifanio Silvino do Monte Junior, Marcos Eduardo Lera dos Santos, Igor Braga Ribeiro, Gustavo de Oliveira Luz, Elisa Ryoka Baba, Bruno Salomão Hirsch, Mateus Pereira Funari, Eduardo Guimarães Hourneaux de Moura; Clin Endosc 2020;53(6):746-749. Published online November 19, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2020.180

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) quickly spread to all continents. However, data regarding all the signs and symptoms of COVID-19 are insufficient. Patients with COVID-19 might present higher susceptibility to fungal coinfections. Mucormycosis is a rare and often life-threatening fungal disease characterized by vascular invasion by hyphae, resulting in thrombosis and necrosis. This is the first case report of mucormycosis in a COVID-19 patient. An 86-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency room with acute diarrhea, cough, dyspnea, and fever from 5 days prior. Blood tests revealed a hemoglobin level of 14.3 mg/dL. Five days following the admission, the patient presented with melena and a hemoglobin level of 5.6 mg/dL. A transfusion of three units of red blood cells was required. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed two giant gastric ulcers with necrotic debris and a deep hemorrhagic base without active bleeding. Furthermore, biopsies confirmed mucormycosis. Despite intensive care, the patient died 36 hours after the esophagogastroduodenoscopy.

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Original Article

Endoscopic Ultrasound Fine-Needle Aspiration versus Fine-Needle Biopsy for Lymph Node Diagnosis: A Large Multicenter Comparative Analysis: Diogo Turiani Hourneaux de Moura, Thomas R. McCarty, Pichamol Jirapinyo, Igor Braga Ribeiro, Galileu Ferreira Ayala Farias, Marvin Ryou, Linda S. Lee, Christopher C. Thompson; Clin Endosc 2020;53(5):600-610. Published online December 3, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2019.170

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background
/Aims: Endoscopic ultrasound fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is preferred for sampling of lymph nodes (LNs) adjacent to the gastrointestinal wall; however, fine-needle biopsy (FNB) may provide improved diagnostic outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of FNA versus FNB for LN sampling.
Methods
This was a multicenter retrospective study of prospectively collected data to evaluate outcomes of EUS-FNA and EUS-FNB for LN sampling. Characteristics analyzed included sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, the number of needle passes, diagnostic adequacy of rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE), cell-block analysis, and adverse events.
Results
A total of 209 patients underwent EUS-guided LN sampling. The mean lesion size was 16.22±8.03 mm, with similar sensitivity and accuracy between FNA and FNB ([67.21% vs. 75.00%, respectively, p=0.216] and [78.80% vs. 83.17%, respectively, p=0.423]). The specificity of FNB was better than that of FNA (100.00% vs. 93.62%, p=0.01). The number of passes required for diagnosis was not different. Abdominal and peri-hepatic LN location demonstrated FNB to have a higher sensitivity (81.08% vs. 64.71%, p=0.031 and 80.95% vs. 58.33%, p=0.023) and accuracy (88.14% vs. 75.29%, p=0.053 and 88.89% vs. 70.49%, p=0.038), respectively. ROSE was a significant predictor for accuracy (odds ratio, 5.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.15–23.08; p=0.032). No adverse events were reported in either cohort.
Conclusions
Both EUS-FNA and EUS-FNB are safe for the diagnosis of LNs. EUS-FNB is preferred for abdominal LN sampling. EUSFNA+ ROSE was similar to EUS-FNB alone, showing better diagnosis for EUS-FNB than traditional FNA. While ROSE remained a significant predictor for accuracy, due to its poor availability in most centers, its use may be limited to cases with previous inconclusive diagnoses.

Citations

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Review

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography-Based Tissue Sampling in Suspected Malignant Biliary Strictures: A Meta-Analysis of Same-Session Procedures: Diogo Turiani Hourneax de Moura, Marvin Ryou, Eduardo Guimarães Hourneaux de Moura, Igor Braga Ribeiro, Wanderlei Marques Bernardo, Christopher C. Thompson; Clin Endosc 2020;53(4):417-428. Published online November 5, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2019.053

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background
/Aims: The diagnosis of biliary strictures can be challenging. There are no systematic reviews studying same-session endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-based tissue sampling and endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) for the diagnosis of biliary strictures.
Methods
A systematic review was conducted on studies analyzing same-session EUS and ERCP for tissue diagnosis of suspected malignant biliary strictures. The primary outcome was the accuracy of each method individually compared to the two methods combined. The secondary outcome was the accuracy of each method in pancreatic and biliary etiologies. In the meta-analysis, we used Forest plots, summary receiver operating characteristic curves, and estimates of the area under the curve for intention-to-treat analysis.
Results
Of the 12,132 articles identified, six were included, resulting in a total of 497 patients analyzed. The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and accuracy of the association between the two methods were: 86%, 98%, 12.50, 0.17, and 96.5%, respectively. For the individual analysis, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of EUS-FNA were 76%, 100%, and 94.5%, respectively; for ERCP-based tissue sampling, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 58%, 98%, and 78.1%, respectively. For pancreatic lesions, EUS-FNA was superior to ERCP-based tissue sampling. However, for biliary lesions, both methods had similar sensitivities.
Conclusions
Same-session EUS-FNA and ERCP-based tissue sampling is superior to either method alone in the diagnosis of suspected malignant biliary strictures. Considering these results, combination sampling should be performed when possible.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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