Clinical Endoscopy

Drainage for fluid collections post pancreatic surgery and acute pancreatitis: similar but different?: Yousuke Nakai, Saburo Matsubara, Tsuyoshi Mukai, Tsuyoshi Hamada, Takashi Sasaki, Hirotoshi Ishiwatari, Susumu Hijioka, Hideyuki Shiomi, Mamoru Takenaka, Takuji Iwashita, Atsuhiro Masuda, Tomotaka Saito, Hiroyuki Isayama, Ichiro Yasuda, for the WONDERFUL study group in Japan; Received October 3, 2023 Accepted November 1, 2023 Published online May 17, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2023.254 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Postoperative pancreatic fistulas (POPFs) are common adverse events that occur after pancreatic surgery. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided drainage (EUS-D) is a first-line treatment, similar to that for pancreatic fluid collection (PFCs) after acute pancreatitis. However, some POPFs do not develop fluid collections depending on the presence or location of the surgical drain, whereas others develop fluid collections, such as postoperative fluid collections (POPFCs). Although POPFCs are similar to PFCs, the strategy and modality for POPF management need to be modified according to the presence of fluid collections, surgical drains, and surgical type. As discussed for PFCs, the indications, timing, and selection of interventions or stents for EUS-D have not been fully elucidated for POPFs. In this review, we discuss the management of POPFs and POPFCs in comparison with PFCs due to acute pancreatitis and summarize the topics that should be addressed in future studies.

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Self-expandable metallic stent-induced esophagorespiratory fistulas in patients with advanced esophageal cancer: Iatagan R. Josino, Bruno C. Martins, Andressa A. Machado, Gustavo R. de A. Lima, Martin A. C. Cordero, Amanda A. M. Pombo, Rubens A. A. Sallum, Ulysses Ribeiro Jr, Todd H. Baron, Fauze Maluf-Filho; Clin Endosc 2023;56(6):761-768. Published online July 25, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2022.297

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Background
/Aims: Self-expandable metallic stents (SEMSs) are widely adopted for the palliation of dysphagia in patients with malignant esophageal strictures. An important adverse event is the development of SEMS-induced esophagorespiratory fistulas (SEMS-ERFs). This study aimed to assess the risk factors related to the development of SEMS-ERF after SEMS placement in patients with esophageal cancer.
Methods
This retrospective study was performed at the Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo. All patients with malignant esophageal strictures who underwent esophageal SEMS placement between 2009 and 2019 were included in the study.
Results
Of the 335 patients, 37 (11.0%) developed SEMS-ERF, with a median time of 129 days after SEMS placement. Stent flare of 28 mm (hazard ratio [HR], 2.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15–5.51; p=0.02) and post-stent chemotherapy (HR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.01–4.00; p=0.05) were associated with an increased risk of developing SEMS-ERF, while lower-third tumors were a protective factor (HR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.26–0.85; p=0.01). No difference was observed in overall survival.
Conclusions
The incidence of SEMS-ERFs was 11%, with a median time of 129 days after SEMS placement. Post-stent chemotherapy and a 28 mm stent flare were associated with a higher risk of SEMS-ERF.

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How to reduce fistula formation after self-expandable metallic stent insertion for treating malignant esophageal stricture?
Kwang Bum Cho
Clinical Endoscopy.2023; 56(6): 735. CrossRef

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Gastric cancer presenting with ramucirumab-related gastrocolic fistula successfully managed by colonic stenting: a case report: Hiroki Fukuya, Yoichiro Iboshi, Masafumi Wada, Yorinobu Sumida, Naohiko Harada, Makoto Nakamuta, Hiroyuki Fujii, Eikichi Ihara; Clin Endosc 2023;56(6):812-816. Published online May 11, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2022.117

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